BACKGROUND: Female hypertension has its own epidemicologic character and the chief interventions on it are various.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors of female hypertension and observe the effects on rehabilitative and preventive intervention in demonstrative community for comprehensive prevention and treatment of cardiac cerebral vascular disease in Guizhou.DESIGN: Group randomization was designed. The samples of certain percentage were randomized according to total population from each village of 13 administrative areas.SETTING: Guizhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Renmin Hospital of Yunyan District in Guiyang, Guizhou Clinical Examination Center.PARTICIPANTS: Since 1996, a series of comprehensive prevention and treatment had been carried in the communities for cardiac cerebral vascular disease in Guizhou, involved 13 administrative areas and 112 villagecitizen groups, in which, 26 604 people were employed, living in the regions between town and country. Social natural condition and life behavior of majority citizen reflected the common state of people in town and country. Totally 3 934 people aged over 15 years were investigated in the communities, and were all in the known of investigation. The samples without complete data were excluded.METHODS: ① Base-line investigation was carried on for the groups over 15 years old according to the requirement for administrative region designed by Institute of Preventive Medicine of China Academy of Sciences from April 1st 2001 to May 15th . ② Health education and health promotion activity were carried on for the included groups. ③ Survey after intervention was given for females according to the survey items designed by Institute of Preventive Medicine of China Academy of Sciences from July 2002to June 2003. ④ Normal body-mass index (BMI) was 18.5-23.9 kg/m2,overweight was indicated if BMI was 24-27.9 kg/m2 and obesity was diagnosed if BMI ≥28 kg/m2. ⑤ Analysis was applied on comparison of BMI,waist to hip ratio (WHR), average blood pressure, the rates of incidence,awareness and treatment of hypertension and rate of high-salty and lipid diet. ⑥ t test was adopted for comparison of means between two samples and x2 test was used for rate comparison.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparison of the rates of incidence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension for females of different ages in community base-line investigation in Guizhou. ② Comparison of BMI, WHR and BP of females of various ages in baseline investigation.③ Comparison of incident rate of hypertension for females with various BMI in baseline investigation. ④ Comparison of BMI, WHR, BP, smoke, alcohol, rate of high-salty and lipid diet, the rates of incidence, awareness,treatment and control of hypertension for females between baseline investigation and post-intervention survey.RESULTS: In baseline investigation, 6 361 correct and complete forms were collected, with 99.84% qualified rate, of which, there were 3 934females. 1 141 data were qualified after intervention. It was indicated in community baseline investigation: ① Rates of incidence, awareness and treatment of hypertension for females were improved with increased age (P ＜ 0.05), and the control rate was decreased with increased age (P ＜ 0.05). ② BMI, WHR, SBP (systolic blood pressure) and DBP (diastolic blood pressure) and PP (pulse pressure) were improved significantly with in creased age (P ＜ 0.01). BMI for females was increased with ages, but was declined with age ≥60 years. ③ The incident rates of hypertension for groups of normal body mass, overweight and obesity were 15.05%, 23.87% and 39.37% successively, indicating that the hypertension inci dent rate was increased significantly with improved BMI (paired compari son, P ＜ 0.05). Comparison between post-intervention survey and base-line investigation: ① In the comparison, the results of BMI, WHR and BP means were reduced for most cases at same age and significant difference was displayed in majority (P ＜ 0.05). ② After intervention, smoke rate of females was increased significantly and rate of high-salty and lipid diet was decreased (P ＜ 0.05). ③ Incident rate after health intervention was decreased significantly compared with that before intervention (P ＜ 0.05),and the rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were enhanced significantly (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: ① The rates of incidence, awareness, treatment and control of female hypertension are different in ages in community of Guizhou. ② The severity of risk factor of female hypertension is enhanced with increased age in community of Guizhou. ③ The increased body mass is the important factor of incident rate of hypertension. ④ Health education probably decreases the severity of risk factor of hypertension and increases the rates of awareness, treatment and control.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of food poisoning in Shenzhen from 2009 to 2018, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating control strategies of food poisoning. Methods The data of food poisoning events in Shenzhen from 2009 to 2018 was analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods. Results There were 182 reported food poisoning events, resulting in 1786 cases and 3 death. The incidence of food poisoning events had a seasonal peak during May to September, and a total of 119 reported food poisoning events (65.39%, 119/182) occurred in that period of time with 1156 cases (64.73%, 1156/1786). There were 77 food poisoning events (42.31%) occurring in collective canteens with 927 cases (51.91%), making them the most frequent locations for food poisoning. The main pathogenic factors were bacteria, poisonous plants and chemicals. Incidents of bacterial food poisoning were mainly caused by Vibro parahemolyticus (51.73%, 60/116), Salmonella (26.73%, 30/116), and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin (11.21%, 13/116), etc. Hyacinth bean toxin and mushroom were responsible for 33.33% of the incidents caused by poisonous plants. Incidents of chemical food poisoning were mainly caused by nitrite (8.33%). Conclusion The prevention and control of food poisoning in Shenzhen should be focused on reducing bacterial food poisoning such as Salmonella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and supervision of food safety of catering units and collective canteens should be strengthened. Additionally, health education on prevention and control of food poisoning should be targeted at the high-risk population to reduce the risk of food poisoning.