Breast cancer stem cells comprise a sub-population, which enables the capacity for self-renewal and the potentiality for differentiation and high tumorigenicity. Growing evidence suggests that breast cancer stem cells most likely contribute to tumor generation, progression, relapse, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Herein, the recent advances in breast cancer stem cells were highlighted in this review.

Notch signal pathway is one of crucial pathways related to cell fate determination, regulating cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, with an effect of organ formation and morphogenesis. Abnormal activation of Notch gene occurs in many tumor cells, such as brain tumors, breast cancer and hepatoma. Recent studies have been found that the notch pathway out of control was related with growth of ovarian cancer. And Notch3 involving in the development and progression of ovarian cancer has been attracted extensive attention by experts and scholars. This review focuses on the literatures of Notch3 and related molecules regulating the development and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer.

AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ; genetics ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Syndrome

Objective To explore the relation between prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and the mechanosensitivity of osteoblasts and to analyze its action mechanism in cellular level .Methods Osteoblasts cell line MC3T3-E1 cells were performed the pre-treatment by using 16 ,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2(dmPGE2) .Then the regulating effect of PGE2 on intracellular calcium ion signal was ob-served;the activator agent and inhibitor of the protein kinase A (PKA) signal path were adopted to detect the participating effect of the PKA signal path in the regulating process .Results Compared with the blank treatment group ,dmPGE2 pre-treatment signifi-cantly increased the calcium ion signal intensity induced by hypotonic swelling stimulation in MC 3T3-E1 cells .This effect of dmPGE2 was mimicked by 8-bromo-cAMP(8br-cAMP) ,an activator of PKA pathway ;but blocked by PKI ,an inhibitor of PKA pathway .Conclusion dmPGE2 is able to up-regulate the calcium response induced by hypotonic swelling stimulation by activating PKA pathway ,which provides an important cellular mechanism for explaining PGE2′s anabolic effect in bone tissue .

ObjectiveBy analyzing the transfusion-related data using DRGs data to establish a credible evaluation system for clinical use,thereby enhancing the safe and effective clinical transfusion management.Methods Use the transfusion-related data of DRG-s,and statistical methods of EXCEL database to categorize and analyze the number of blood transfusion,hospital name,hospital type,hospital level,DRGs code and name,times of blood transfusion,volume of transfusion,etc.Results Output the statistics of the city's ratio of institutional use of blood,per capita consumption in patients,distribution and ordering of hospital based blood tranfusion,distribution and ordering of DRGs based blood transfusion,distribution and ordering of single DRGs between hospitals,annual consumption growth in different hospitals and major disease groups of blood tranfusion.ConclusionThe use of DRGs can efficiently control clinical indicators for blood transfusion and evaluate the performance of blood transfusion.it can provide a credible management tool for the health administrative departments and hospitals while offering data support for policy making of management objectives at the same time.

0.05).The CC10 levels in lung homogenate of the allergic asthma group were significantly decreased than that of control group(P0.05).Conclusion The CC10 levels in lung homogenate is decreased,and has negative correlation with AIPs,which suggests that CC10 may take part in the onset of asthma,and work as an important endogenous anti-inflammatory factor.

Objective To investigate the protective effect and the possible mechanism of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) preconditioning on ischemia/reperfusion injury of rat graft liver.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups(n=30 in each group): sham operation group(Sham group),orthotopic liver transplantation group(OLT group) and LPS preconditioning group(LPS group).Only dissecting hepatoduodenal ligament was perfomed in Sham group.On day one,0.1 mg/kg LPS and on day 2,3,4,5,0.5 mg/kg LPS for LPS rats and 0.5 ml PBS pathogen-free solution for OLT rats was injected through caudal vein before OLT was performed by two-cuff method in the two group rats on day 8.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?),ALT, AST in inferior caval vein blood and the activities of NF-?B in hepatic tissue were detected at 0,60,180 min after dissecting hepatoduodenal ligament in Sham group and after portal vein reperfusion in OLT group and LPS group.The morphological changes of hepatic tissue were observed through light microscope and electron microscope at different time points.Results As compared with Sham group at the different time points respectively,the activities of NF-?B and the levels of TNF-? were higher in OLT group and LPS group(P

Objective To study the expression of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) receptor,CD14 in the liver tissue during acute biliary infection and its relation with production of cytokines.Methods Rat models of acute biliary infection were established by ligating the choledochus and injecting Escherichia coli O111∶B4 into the duct.The expressions of CD14 protein and mRNA in liver tissue,the plasma levels of endotoxin,TNF-? and IL-6,and phagocytosis activity of Kupffer cells(KCs) were assayed at 0,3,6,12 and 24 h after operation.Ultrastructural changes in KCs were observed by electron microscopy.Results With the course prolonging in acute biliary infection,the plasma endotoxin level was progressively increased,KCs were activated and the levels of TNF-? and IL-6 markedly were increased,while the CD14 expression obviously increased at mRNA and protein levels.Conclusion The CD14 expression is gradually increased in liver tissue during acute biliary infection.KCs are activated and releasing more and more cytokines.It might be one of the important mechanisms of that KCs improve inflammatory response during the infection.

With the deeper understanding of tumor , more and more evidence indicates that the occurrence and development of tumors are closely related to the body′s immune function .More and more researches focus on tumor immunology to find an effective way of enhancing anti-tumor immunity . Radiotherapy has played an important role in anti-tumor immunity recently though it was believed as a traditional treatment for cancer before .Radiotherapy could convert a cold tumor into a hot tumor, which might ameliorate immune suppressive microenvironment , improve tumor immunogenicity and activate the cellular immune response .However, the abscopal effectof single radiotherapy is very rare . Immunotherapy is capable of enhancing the immune response produced by radiotherapy .In this paper , the basic theory and clinical practice of radiotherapy and immunotherapy were reviewed and the related clinical strategies were summarized .

The total proteins of plain E.coli(DH5 ?)were coupled to the Sephacryl S300 oxidized with periodate,and the preliminarily purified antiserum was loaded repeatedly on the column for 18 hours.The unspecific anti\|E.coli antibodies would be absorbed and the antibodies would be purified.It was more specific to do western blot using antibodies treated by this method than using ones without treatment.