Objective To explore the clinical effiicacy and effect on cytokines of invigorating the kidney and activating blood fomula on treating osteoarthritis patients in the pattern of kidney deficiency. Methods 113 patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomly divided into two groups including 56 cases of treatment group and 57 cases of control group, which were treated by invigorating the kidney and activating blood fomula and combinaton of Celecoxib and Glucosamine respectively. The clinical effiicacy of two groups were investigated by Womac osteoarthritis index and the average severity of OA index. The changes of serum inflammatory cytokines TNF-? and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. Results The total efficiency of the treatment group was 89.3% and better than the control group (P 0.05) compared with control group. The serum TNF-?, IL-6 levels of treatment group significantly decreased after treatment in treatment group (P

BACKGROUND:Peri-fracture nerve injury can inhibit osteoclast activity and promote early fracture healing. OBJECTIVE:To investigate dynamical y the effects of traumatic brain injury on the bone mineral density, microstructure, biomechanics property and bone metabolism in rat models of fractures. METHODS:Sixty-three male rats were randomly divided into three groups:sham group, simple fracture group and fracture combined with brain injury group. After 3, 6, and 3 months, the animals were sacrificed in batches under anesthesia, and then, the bones and serum specimens were used to detect the bone mineral density, microstructure, biomechanics property, serum cross-linked N-telopeptide of col agen type I and osteocalcin levels. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the simple fracture group, the fracture combined brain injury group had significantly increased bone mineral density of the proximal tibia, bone volume fraction of the cancel ous bone, trabecular thickness, cross-sectional area of tibial cortical bone and total area of the bone marrow, ultimate load and stress of the tibia, serum cross-linked N-telopeptide of col agen type I and osteocalcin levels at 3 and 6 weeks after modeling (P<0.05), but no differences in the above-mentioned indexes were found among the three groups at 3 months after modeling. These findings indicate that traumatic brain injury can increase the bone mineral density at the fracture site, improve bone microstructure and enhance biomechanical properties, thereby promoting bone healing and bone metabolism at the fracture site.

BACKGROUND: Sjogre's syndrome is a common disease of aged people,in which, dry mouth and throat have disturbed chawing, swallowing and speech and have seriously affected living quality of patients. OBJECTIVE: To probe into the improvement of oral function treated with Chinese medicine based on differentiation of symptoms. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis on cases was designed. SETTING: Department of Periodontal Disease, College of Stomatology,Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-six cases of Sjogre's syndrome were selected from clinic of Department of Periodontal Disease of Stomatology College of Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from May 2000 to February 2004, with agreement and in the know of patients. Of those, 5cases were male, 31 cases were female, aged varied from 27 to 70 years,with duration of sickness in range from 0.5 to 10 years. METHODS: ① On basis of moistening, drying up heat, producing fluid and stopping thirst, the drugs for activating blood circulation, resolving stasis, clearing away heat and detoxification were supplemented. Formula:shashen (Radix Glehniae), maidong (Radix Ophiopogonis), shihu (Herba Dendrobii), yuzhu (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati), huafen (Radix Trichosanthis), xuanshen (Radix Scrophulariae), shengdi (Radix Rehmanniae), chenpi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae), danshen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae), banzhilian (herba Scutellariae Barbatae), bahuasheshecao (Herba Hedyotis Dissusae), etc. ②Treatment of vitamins and transfer factor were associated.③ Artificial saliva in local was applied to prevent from secondary infection. ④ It was to test 99Tc m parotid function (After 99Tc m was injected intravenously on elbow, the parotid uptaking and concentrated 99Tc m curve were traced immediately. When radioactivity intensity was increased to maximum, the patients were required to chaw Vit. C tablet, 200 mg. In following, it was to trace the minimum of 99Tc m radioactivity on decreased curve. Normal imaging was illustrated clearly, the development after Vit. C stimulationwas declined swiftly. Time-radioactivity curve illustrated obvious uptaking and excreting segments. Positive results were unclear parotid development or the development after Vit. C stimulation was not declined obviously. Time-radioactivity curve was of horizontal type, low-horizontal type, parabola type or persistent rising type), erythrocyte sedimentation (ERS) (Normal value: 0-15 mm/h for male adult, 0-20 mm/h for female adult) and a part of immunology, such as rheumatoid factor, immunoglobulin (I gG normal value: 7.6-16.6 g/L), immune complex, etc. The effect was determined as increased saliva secretion and improved oral function. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 99Tc m parotid function test, rheumatoid factor, ERS, IgG and immune complex were applied to determine the therapeutic effects of Chinese herbs. RESULTS:Thirty-six cases all entered result analysis. ① After treatment, the positive rate of rheumatoid factor was lower significantly compared with that before treatment [36.7％, 73.3％,(x2=6.796, P ＜ 0.01)]. The levels of ERS, IgG and immune complex were all decreased significantly compared with those before treatment [(35.50±5.65) mm/h,(13.47±1.58) g/L,(8.30±1.24) mg/L;(55.20±8.85)mm/h,(23.57±2.37) g/L,(14.96±2.21) mg/L; (t=3.549-4.962,P ＜ 0.01)]. The result of 99Tc m parotid function test and main determined indexes had been improved for all. ② After treatment, dry mouth, dry eye and general symptoms were all improved of various degrees and saliva secretion was increased. Total effective rate reached 80.7％. CONCLUSION: Treatment based on differentiation of symptoms is applied in Chinese medicine. On basis of moistening, drying up heat, producing fluid and stopping thirst, the drugs for activating blood circulation, resolving stasis, clearing away heat and detoxification are supplemented and effectively promote rehabilitation of oral function in Sjogre's syndrome,such as chawing, swallowing, speech, etc.

Objective To ecaluatc the diagnostic value of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and carotid artery ultrasound for transient ischemia attack (TIA). Methods Among the 74 patients with TIA, 45 had internal carotid artery (ICA)-TIA and 29 had vertebrobasilar artery (VBA)-TIA. DSA examination was performed in order to detect intracranial and extracranial arterial stenosis in the above two systems. Cervical artery ultrasound examination was used to understand the distribution of arterial plaques. Results DSA shoved that the detection rate of vascular stenosis in patients with ICA-TIA was 84. 4% (n = 38),and the patients with serious, moderate and slight stenoses were 31.1% (n = 14), 26. 7% (n = 12) and 11.1% (n =5), respectively. Of those, intracranial arterial stenosis was 44.4% (n =20), and it was significantly higher than 22.2%(n = 10) in extracranial arterial stenosis (P ＜0. 001 ); the detection rate of vascular stenosis in patients with VBA-TIA was 65.5% (n = 19), and the patients with serious, moderate and slight stcnoscs were 17. 2% (n = 5), 27. 5% (n = 8), and 20. 7% (n = 6), respcctivegly. Of those, cxtracranial arterial stenosis was 44.8% (n = 13), and it was significantly higher than 13.8% (n = 4) in intracranial stenosis (P ＜ 0. 001 ). Carotid artery ultrasound shoved that the detection rate of ICA plaque was 44.4% (n = 20), and it was higher than 24, 1% (n =7) in patients with VBA-TIA; the detection rate of the plaques in the initial segment of subclavian artery in patients with VBA-TIA was 44. 8% (n = 13), and it was significantly higher than 13.3% (n = 6) in patients with ICA-TIA (P ＜ 0.001 ). Conclusions There were differences between the intracranial and extracranial vascular lesions and the distribution of atherosclerotic plaques in patients with ICA-TIA and VBA-TIA. 1he former was more common in intracranial lesions, and the latter was more common in extracranial lesions.

Objective To summarize the experiences in diagnosis and treatment of thymoma in 120 cases. Methods 120 patients with thymoma were operated on, and the diagnosis was confirmed pathologically, from January 1994 to December 2003 in our department. According to Masaoka clinical and pathological classification, 54 cases were stage Ⅰ, 32 were stage Ⅱ, 22 were stage Ⅲ, 12 were stage Ⅳ. In 42 cases there were symptoms of myasthenia gravis. Result Total excision was performed in 112 cases and partial excision in 8 cases. When the tumor was beyond stage Ⅱ, postoperative radiotherapy was given. Recurrence occurred in 5 patients 1-7 years after operation. Conclusions Surgical resection is currently the main therapeutic method for tumor of the thymus. The preferred surgical approach was excision of thymoma and removal of perithymic fat in the anterior mediastinum through a median sternotomy. Thymoma is a potentially malignant disease, and the patients with the tumor beyond stage Ⅰ must undergo postoperative radiotherapy. Local recurrence of the tumor should be surgically excised.

Objective To investigate the effects of different concentrations of ketamine on the apoptosis of cultured spinal dorsal horn neurons and astrocytes induced by glutamate. Methods Newborn Wistar rats (1-3 days old) weighing 10-15 g were used in this study. The animals were anesthetized and the dorsal hom of T11-L5 segment of the spinal cord was separated under sterile condition. The neurons and astrocytes were obtained by trypsin digestion of the tissue and mixed and cultured for 2 weeks. The cells were then randomly divided into 6 groups ( n = 8 each) : control group (C) in which Hank solution 50 ?l was added; glutamate group (G) glutamate was added (the final concentration was 100 ?mol?L-1); ketamine group (K) ketamine was added (final concentration = 1 mmol?L-1) and glutamate-ketamine groups (GK1 , GK2, GK3) glutamate was added first (final concentration was 100 ?mol?L-1) and 30 minutes later ketamine was added (the final concentration was 0.1, 1 or 10 mmol?L-1). After being incubated for 48 h the supernatant was harvested for determination of IL-1? and TNF-? concentrations. The morphological changes of the cells were examined by Wright staining. The apoptotic neurons and astrocytes were detected by flow cytometry.Results The number of apoptotic cells was significantly greater and the concentrations of IL-1? and TNF-? were significantly higher in group G and GK1 than in group C (P

[Objective]To introduce the surgical technique of ceramic-on-ceramic total hip replacement and discuss the difference between two implant design.[Method]From November 2001 to June 2006,123 hip in 101 patients were treated by total hip arthroplasty with Osteonics ABC and Option Hip System.The prosthesis was fixed in strict position following some special technique for ceramic components.The theoretic range of motion of two hip systems were measured from experiment in vitro.The different cup positions which impingement happened were record for each prosthesises.[Result]The clinical score and the radiographic position of implants was good without evidence of wear,loosening,osteolysis and ceramic fracture.One chipping of ceramic insert happened during operation,and two patients had temporary irritation of iliopsoas.No other sever complication were found so far such as dislocation and infection.Experiment result:The deepened cup design obviously decreased the hip range of motion and "safe zone" was narrow than the flat cup design.[Conclusion]Ceramic-on-ceramic hip implant highly demands for surgical technique especially accurate cdp position.The deepened cup design cup should be posited with large anteversion.

BACKGROUND: Pholidota chinensis lindl (PCL) has been used in folk medicine to treat pulmonary edema, resolve phlegm, relieve cough and resist fatigue. However, its pharmacological effects on hypoxic-ischemic heart and brain damage remain to be unclear.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of PCL extract on survival duration of 5 kinds of anoxia models as well as anti-fatigue and anti-hypoxia actions.DESIGN: Randomized and controlled experiment.SETTING: Pharmacological Department of Garnnan Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in the Pharmacological Department of Gannan Medical College frgm March to June 2004. A total of 170 Kunming mice, 25 males and 95 females, weighing (20±2) g, were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Gannan Medical College.METHODS:①Hypoxia-resisting test:Totally 40 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal saline group, hydrochloric propranolol group (0.02 g/kg), and 5 g/kg and 10 g/kg PCL extract groups, with 10 in each group. Twenty minutes after administration, the mice were put into hypoxic wide-mouthed bottles of 250 mL volume with sodalime for recording survival time with stopwatch. ② Test of specific anoxic myocardium: Totally 30 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 in each, namely normal saline + isoproterenol group, 10 g/kg PCL extract + isoproterenol group, and hydrochloric propranolol (0.02 g/kg) + isoproterenol group.0.015 g/kg isoproterenol was given to mice in each group. Forty minutes after administration, the mice were put into hypoxic wide-mouthed bottles of 250 mL volume with sodalime for recording survival time with stopwatch. ③ Test of NaNO2-induced hypoxia: Forty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal saline group, hydrochloric propranolol group (0.02 g/kg), 5 g/kg and 10 g/kg PCL extract groups, with 10 in each group. Forty minutes after administration, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with 200 mg/kg NaNO2. The survival time was recorded.④Test of cerebral ischemia and hypoxia: Thirty mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal saline group, 5 g/kg and 10 g/kg PCL extract groups, with 10 in each group. Forty minutes after administration, the gasping time was recorded. ⑤ Test of exercise tolerance: Thirty mice were randomly divided into normal saline group, 5 g/kg and 10 g/kg PCL extract groups, with 10 in each group. Forty minutes after administration, the mice swam with lead load on the tails, which was 2% of the body weight. The swimming test for mice used a circular pool 40 cm in diameter and 30 cm in height, and filled with water to a depth of 25 cm. Water was kept at 20-22 ℃.To study the effects of PCL extract on exercise tolerance, the swimming time of the mice was recorded until they were exhausted, submerged for 8 seconds, and did not float onto the surface again.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The survival time and gasping duration in the hypoxia models after administration.RESULTS: Totally 170 mice entered the final analysis. ① Hypoxia-resisting test: Survival time was longer in 5 g/kg and 10 g/kg PCL extract groups than that in normal saline group and hydrochloric propranolol group (F=70.52, P ＜ 0.05); survival time was longer in 10 g/kg PCL extract anoxic group than in 5 g/kg PCL extract group (P ＜ 0.05). ② Test of specificmyocardium: Survival time was longer in 10 g/kg PCL extract + isoproterenol group and hydrochloric propranolol + isoproterenol group than in saline + isoproterenol group (F=37.29, P ＜ 0.05).③ Test of NaNO2-induced hypoxia: Survival time was longer in hydroch　loric propranolol group,5 g/kg and 10 g/kg PCL extract groups than in saline group (F=34.34, P＜ 0.05); survival time was longer in 10 g/kg PCL extract group than in 5g/kg PCL extract group(P<0.05).④Test of cerebral ischemia and hypoxiaGasping time was longer in 5 g/kg and 10 g/kg PCL extract groups than in saline group (F=41.00, P ＜ 0.05); gasping time was longer in 10 g/kg PCL extract group than in 5 g/kg PCL extract group (P ＜ 0.05).⑤Test of exeract tolerance:Survival time was longer in 5g/kg and 10 g/kg PCL extract groups than in saline group (F=33.09, P ＜ 0.05);survival time was longer in 10 g/kg PCL extract group than in 5 g/kg PCL extract group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: PCL has anti-fatigue and anti-hypoxia effects in a dosage-dependent manner. The effects may be related to Na, K-ATPase change or increase of alveolar fluid clearance.

AIM: To study the effects of xanthotoxol (XT) on physiological characteristics and its mechanism in isolated guinea pig atria. METHODS: It was determined by the contractile amplitude,excitability and the spontaneous beats in the right atria,respectively. RESULTS: In the experiment of contractile amplitude,after 15 min of administration of XT 20, 40 and 80 ?mol?L -1 ,the contractile force of left atria was 0.85 , 0.68 ,and 0.48 g,respectively (P

AIM:To investigate the protective effects of total saponins of panax notoginseng (PNS) on myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis induced by isoproterenol (ISO) in rats. METHODS: Myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis model of rats were induced by injection of ISO (5 mg?kg-1?d-1, sc) for 7 days. From day 2, the rats were administered with PNS at dose of 25 and 50 mg?kg-1?d-1, ip for 14 days, the control and ISO model group were received saline injection. Then, the heart-weight (HW), left ventricular weight (LVW), the ratio of HW/BW and LVW/BW (LVI) were measured; the hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde (MDA) and angiotensin (AngII) content of left ventricle. The level of nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), superoxide disrnutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in left ventricle were determined by spectrophotemetry and radioimmunoassay, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with NS control group, the ratio of HW/BW, LVW/BW and the content of hydroxyproline, AngII, MDA and iNOS activity in the left ventricle were significantly increased. The cNOS, SOD, GSH-Px activities and NO content were obriously decreased in the ISO model group. After treatment with PNS, the left ventricular NO content, cNOS, SOD and GSH-Px activities were markedly higher than those in ISO model group. The content of MDA, AngII and iNOS activities and the ratio of HW/BW, LVI were significantly lower than those in ISO model group. CONCLUSION: PNS reverses the myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis induced by isoproterenol in rats. This effect may be related to eliminating the oxygen free radicals and raising NO level.