Objective To explore the changes of ultrastructural characteristics including interstitial space dilation(ISD) and the number of desmosome in non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease(NERD)with abnormal and normal oesophageal acid exposure.Methods Nineteen patients with(abnormal) oesophageal acid exposure,20 with normal oesophageal acid exposure,10 with reflux(esophagitis)(RE) and 10 asymptomatic controls,classified on the basis of pH-metry,underwent(endoscopy.) Three biopsies were taken from the normal mucosa for light microscopy and transmission(electron microscopy) evaluation.ISD was measured and the number of desmosome in the intercellular spaces was calculated by using a digital scanner from photomicrographs of the specimens.The above two markers were compared with each other among the above groups.Results There was no significant difference in the mean score of the interstitial space between NERD and RE patients [(2.21?0.68)?m versus(2.39?0.42)?m,P0.05)].The mean score of the interstitial space of the control was(0.63(?0.21))?m,much lower than those of NERD and RE patients(P0.01).There was a significant(difference) in ISD between NERD with abnormal oesophageal acid exposure and normal oesophageal acid(exposure) [(2.45?0.67)?m versus(1.91?0.67)?m,P0.05].The mean numbers of desmosome in the intercellular space of the NERD and RE patients were(0.141?0.043) entries/?m~2 and(0.124(?0.044)) entries/?m~2,respectively,significantly lower than those of the controls [(0.221?0.031)(entries/?m~2].) But no significant differences were observed between the RE and the NERD patients(P0.05).Conclusions The interstitial space of esophageal mucosa in the NERD patients is dilated as in the RE.In NERD patients,the dilation of interstitial space is associated with abnormal acid exposure.The numbers of desmosome may also be a marker of esophageal mucosal injury of NERD.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spleen ; pathology ; Young Adult

Objective:To determine the effect of IL-12 on the cellular immune response of PBMC from patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, and provide basic scientific information for clinic therapy of this disease.Methods:PBMCS were prepared from peripheral blood of individuals with chronic HBV infection and cultured in the presence or absence of HBsAg and HBcAg with or without IL-12.The level of IFN-?in culture supernatants, the frequency of IFN-?-producing cells, and the subpopulation of IFN-?-producing cells were detected by either ELISA,ELISPOT or FACS.Results:Less than 30% patients and very low level of IFN-? were observed when PBMCs were stimulated with HBsAg or HBcAg alone. Addition of IL-12 to the cultures resulted in significant increase in IFN-?production and IFN-?-producing cells. In addition, IL-12 induced expression of IFN-? not only by CD8~+T cells, but also by non-T cell populations.Conclusion:IL-12 can promote the cellular immune response to the chronic hepatitis B virus by the enhancement of IFN-?production.

Objective: To investigate whether the plasmid ?1neo-hgp100 could be expressed and presented in vitro and could protect the immunized mice from B16F10 challenge in vivo. Methods: ?1neo-hgp100 plasmid was constructed in which the DNA sequence encoding hgp100 CTL epitope inserted into CDR3 of ?1-neo vector. The expression of anti-bodized antigen and IFN-? in supernatant was measured by ELISA respectively after transfection J558L with ?1neo-hgp100 and further co-culture of J588L transfacted with ?1 neo-hgp100 and pmel TCR transgenic T cell. After introspleenic inoculation of ?1neo-hgp100, the protective efficacy of the gene vaccine was observed by means of measuring the tumor area every two days. Results: ?1neo-hgp100 could be expressed and presented in vitro, the immunogenecity of CTL epitope of hgp100 was strong enough and could activate gp100 specific T cell, the mice immunized with the gene vaccine could resist the tumor challenging in vivo. The mean survival time was prolonged to 36 days, compared to control group (P

Objective To study the analgesia effect and adverse reactions of epidural and subcutaneous multimodal analgesia in thoracotomy esophageal cancer resection operation .Methods Forty patients undergoing elective esophageal cancer resection op‐eration were randomly divided into the epidural and subcutaneous analgesia group (group A) and the subcutaneous analgesia group (group B) ,20 cases in each group .The group A adopted 0 .15% ropivacaine and 0 .00002% sufentanil by continuous pumping infu‐sion before and during operation for continuous analgesia ,then intravenous tramadol was given before closing chest ,tramadol and sufentanil subcutaneous patients self‐control analgesia (PCA)were used after operation for analgesia .The group B was given intra‐venous tramadol before closing chest ,then tramadol and sufentanil patient subcutaneous controlled analgesia after operation were used for analgesia .The scores of the visual analogue scale(VAS) ,comfort scale ,sedative scores ,dose of analgesics ,pressing fre‐quency and pressing frequency ratio of PCA ,vital signs and adverse reactions were assessed at different time periods .Results The VAS scores and pressing frequency of PCA at rest and movement in the group A were remarkably decreased compared with the group B ,while the comfort status score and pressing frequency ratio of PCA were obviously increased ,the differences were statisti‐cally significant(P<0 .05);the occurrence rates of adverse reactions such as the vital signs ,sedative scores ,nausea ,vomitting ,skin itch ,chest distress after operation had no statistically significant differences between the two groups .Conclusion Epidural and sub‐cutaneous multimodal analgesia is a better multimodal analgesia scheme in thoracotomy esophageal cancer resection operation .

Objective To analyze the clinical,muscle pathological features and molecular mutations in the 2 Chinese Han siblings with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy(LGMD) and conclude the phenotype/genotype correlations.Methods Clinical and muscle pathological data were collected.Genomic DNA of the two siblings and their parents were extracted using standard procedures from the peripheral leukocytes.A custom of targeted gene panel including 61 neuromuscular genes were designed by using the Agilent Sureselect Target Enrichment Kit.Targeted next generation sequencing(NGS) was performed in the proband,and CAPN3 gene mutation was verified with Sanger sequencing in the two siblings and their parents.The dbSNP138 and http://www.dmd.nl were searched to determine the disease-causing mutations.Results The proband slowly showed muscle weakness profoundly with pelvic muscles,developed difficulty in squatting and standing and climbing stairs.She had a tight Achilles tendon,high CK level (1 908-9 241 IU/L),without winging scapula and hypertrophy calf.The affected brother was only diagnosed hyper CKemia.By using the targeted NGS,the two siblings possessed the same two compound heterozygous mutations(c.717delT and c.2243G ＞ A) in CAPN3 gene.The two mutations both were verified by Sanger sequencing and had been reported before.Conclusions LGMD is clinically and genetically heterogeneous,and targeted NGS is powerful in defining the causal mutation of LGMD and helpful in investigating the exact genotype/phenotype analysis.

Objective To investigate the regularity of chronopharmacology of bruceolic oil emulsion ( BOE) in treating H22 tumor-bearing mice. Methods The KM mice model bearing H22 hepatocellular carcinoma was established. And then the model mice were divided into groups according to the condition of illumination and medicine intervention. After treatment for 10 days, the tumor-growth inhibitory rate, viscera indexes, and hepatic and renal function indexes were observed. Results Tumor mass and ratio of tumor mass to body mass were decreased in medication groups under the normal and disordered illumination. The tumor mass and ratio in mice treated with BOE before dark phase of normal illumination and disordered illumination, and during the dark phase of disordered illumination differed from those of the model group at the corresponding illumination phase (P<0.05) . Under normal illumination, BOE-treated mice at 10 pm of dark phase had lower liver index but higher thymus index than the model group (P < 0.05) . Under disordered illumination, BOE-treated mice at 7 am of dark phase had higher spleen index than the model group ( P < 0.05) . Conclusion BOE exerts certain inhibition of H22 hepatocellular carcinoma under both normal illumination and disordered illumination, and the effect will be better when medication is given in dark phase period.

Objective:To compare the quality differences in benzalkonium chloride samples from domestic and abroad to provide references for the quality standard revision for benzalkonium chloride in Chinese pharmacopoeia. Methods: The ratio of alkyl compo-nents was determined according to the method described in USP 38, and the total content of benzalkonium chloride was determined ac-cording to the method recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition) and USP 38, respectively. Results:According to the results of composition ratio of alkyl, the fraction defective of domestic samples and imported samples was 100% and 50%, respectively. The content difference between the values calculated by the methods in the two pharmacopoeias showed that the total content of domestic samples changed from 3. 86% to 4. 15%, and that of imported samples changed from 1. 15% to 3. 90%. Conclusion:There are sig-nificant differences in the quality of benzalkonium chloride between domestic samples and imported samples. It is recommended that the ratio of alkyl components should be supplemented in our pharmacopoeia referring to the method in USP 38 and the total content calcula-tion formula for benzalkonium chloride should be revised to improve the quality standard for benzalkonium chloride.

Objective:To determine the related substances in benzalkonium chloride used as a pharmaceutical adjuvant, and com-pare the quality at home and abroad. Methods:An HPLC method was used with an ODS-HYPERSIL C18 column(250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm). The detection wavelength was 210 nm and 257 nm. The flow rate was 1. 0 ml· min-1 and the column temperature was 30℃. The injection volume was 20 ml. The mobile phase was A ( dissolving 1. 09 g sodium1-hexanesulfonate and 6. 9 g sodium dihydrogen phosphate in water, adjusting pH to 3. 5 with phosphoric acid and diluting to 1 000. 0 ml) and B ( methanol) with gradient elution. Results:The content of benzaldehyde in the samples at home and abroad was low. The content of benzyl alcohol in the samples from a-broad was qualified, which was significantly higher than that in the domestic samples. The content of benzyl chloride in the domestic samples was higher than that in the samples from abroad. Conclusion:The method is simple and fast, which is suitable for comparing the related substances of domastic and imported samples. At the same time, the study provides basis for enterprises to choose benzalko-nium chloride rationally.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the severity index of Meniere's disease during acute phase by a statistical method of principal component analysis (PCA). METHOD: Ninety-five patients with Meniere's disease in the acute phase who saw the doctor with 24 hours after onset were included in this study and their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. The subjective symptoms of hearing loss (X1) and ear stuffy plug (X4) were evaluated by VAS scoring system, and the impact of vertigo (X2) and tinnitus (X3) on the patients were evaluated by DHI and THI score. The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to analyze the quantified data and construct a synthetic evaluate function of subjective symptoms. RESULT: (1) The quantitative results of subjective symptoms in patients with Meniere's disease were as follow: VAS score (X1) of hearing loss was 0-91 points, with an average of 46.23 ± 18.80, DHI score (X2) of vertigo was 8-98 points, with an average of 49.66 ± 15.67, THI score (X3) of tinnitus was 10-100 points, with an average of 47.53 ± 17.44, and ear VAS score (X4) of stuffy plug feeling was 0-82 points, with an average of 21.55 ± 27.54. (2) The eigenvalue of principal components Z1, Z2 and Z3 were 1.876, 0.984 and 0.703 respectively, and the variance contribution were 46.898%, 24.592% and 17.574% respectively. (3) The constructed synthetic evaluate function of the disease was as follow: The Meniere's disease severity index ƒ = 0.213ZX1 + 0.398ZX2 + 0.370ZX3 + 0.455ZX4. CONCLUSION The method of PCA for the subjective evaluation of symptoms in Meniere's disease can be constructed as a model of comprehensive evaluation system, which may provide relatively comprehensive information of clinical original variables included in the four main symptoms, reflecting the severity of the disease.
Hearing Loss ; complications ; Humans ; Meniere Disease ; complications ; diagnosis ; Principal Component Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Tinnitus ; complications ; Vertigo ; complications