Objective To realize the value of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in diagnosing vertebral arterial insufficiency of cervical spondylosis. Methods From Nov. 2001 to Feb. 2004, 35 vertebral arterial insufficiency of cervical spondylosis was diagnosed clinically. There were 11 males and 24 females with a mean age of 58.3 years(range, 23 to 76 years). All the patients were examined by MRA and DSA to investigate the tracks, diameters, and stenosis locations of vertebral articles. Results DSA was positive in 32 patients with 19 ipsilateral and 13 bilateral. Meanwhile, MRA positive were in 29 patients, 14 ipsilateral and 15 bilateral. Among MRA positive patients, excepted 5 cases, all the others were also positive with DSA. Accordance of both methods in the diagnosis of thin veterbral artery was 100%. DSA was better than MRA in the diagnosis of localized stenosis and unilateral veterbral artery absence. MRA was much more useful than DSA in the diagnosis of veterbral artery twisting caused by vertebral instability and bone spurs. Conclusion 1) DSA had more accuracy in diagnosis and distinguishing the source of veterbral artery localized stenosis. Posture changing didn't disturb the examination. Its disadvantages, however, were invasive detection, side-effect and dose limitation of contrast medium. 2) As a non-invasive method, MRA was a useful tool in diagnosing diffused, long segmental artery stenosis and obstruction, and especially available for diagnosing the cervical spondylosis combinated with other type. MRA can scan vertebral disc, spinal cord and other vessels at the same time. The indication of MRA was indefinite diagnosis, aged patients with bad tolerance to DSA. The disadvantage of MRA was its low sensitivity in detecting mild stenosis, non-obstruction artery disease, and posture demand during examination.

Objective To investigate the expression of MMP-2 and c-erbB-2 and evaluate the correlation of clinical pathological parameters in non-small cell lung cancer. Methods Forty-five paraffin-embedded specimens of radical postoperative non-small cell lung cancer was detective for MMP-2 and c-erbB-2 using immunohistochemical method. Results The positive rates of MMP-2 and c-erbB-2 are 57.8 %, 75.6 %, there is a significance between the expression of MMP-2 and lymph node metastases(P =0.006), the expression of c-erbB-2 is related to clinical stage and lymph node metastases (P =0.015, P =0.032), The expression of MMP-2 and c-erbB-2 are related to 5-year survival rate (P =0.002, P =0.003). Conclusion The expression of MMP-2 and c-erbB-2 is significantly related to some clinical parameters and 5-year survival rate.

Objective:To investigate the compatibility stability of muscular amino acids and peptides and nucleosides for injection in different infusions to provide basis for clinical application .Methods: The compatibility stability of muscular amino acids and pep-tides and nucleosides for injection respectively in 0.9%sodium chloride injection , 5% glucose injection , 10%glucose injection and glucose and sodium chloride injection was studied , and the indices included the appearance , pH value , number of insoluble particles and contents of hypoxanthine and polypeptides .Results:All the solutions were transparent .The pH value and the contents of hypoxan-thine and polypeptides showed no significant changes .When muscular amino acids and peptides and nucleosides for injection was mixed with 10%glucose injection , the number of insoluble particles (≥10 μm) was the smallest , which met the requirement in Chi-nese pharmacopoeia (2015 edition,volume Ⅳ).When it was mixed with 0.9% sodium chloride injection, 5% glucose injection and glucose and sodium chloride injection , the number of insoluble particles (≥10 μm) was beyond the limits .The number of insoluble particles (≥25 μm) in all the solutions met the requirement .Conclusion: The most suitable solvent for muscular amino acids and peptides and nucleosides for injection is 10%glucose injection .

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of whole brain radiotherapy concurrent with capecitabine for treatment of brain mestastases from breast cancer with post-operative.Methods Fifty patients with brain mestastases from breast cancer with post-operative were randomized into two groups:25 patiens were treatend with whole brain radiotherapy concurrent with capecitabine (treatment group) and the other 25 patients were treated with whole brain radiotherapy alone (control group).Radiation dose was 40 Gy in 20 fractions over 4 weeks.Capecitabine was administered concurrently with radiotherapy in escalatiny dose from the 1st day of RT to the end day (850 mg/m2,twice/day).Results The survival rates at 1-and 2-year were 60.0 ％ (15/25) and 28.0 ％ (7/25) in treatment group,44.0 ％ (11/25) and 16.0 ％ (4/25) in control group (x2 =1.28,1.05,P ＞ 0.05).Toxicities were tolerable.Conclusion Whole brain radiotherapy concurrent with capecitabine was effective and safe in treatment for patients with breat cancer and well-tolerated toxicity.

Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy

Objective To explore the level of knowledge,attitude and practice in preventing sudden deafness and the influencing factors among nursing students in Taiyuan City.Methods By random cluster sampling,1 187 nursing students from 6 universities in Taiyuan City were surveyed about the level of knowledge,attitude and practice and the influencing factors by questionnaires in November 2013.The results underwent analysis.Results Total scoring rate of knowledge,attitude and practice of preventing sudden deafness in the nursing students was 48.36％ (574/1 187),among which knowledge,attitude and practice was 28.30％ (336/1 187),62.68％ (744/1 187) and 54.34％ (645/1 187),respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that whether taking health education or not,different parents' education degree and household capita monthly income had significantly different influence on level of knowledge,attitude and practice of preventing sudden deafness,P＜0.01.Significant correlation existed between knowledge and attitude,attitude and practice,r=0.467,0.149,P＜0.05.Conclusions The level of knowledge,attitude and practice of preventing sudden deafness of the nursing students is low and has muhifaceted influencing factors.Colleges and universities should strengthen the health propaganda,and community should step up intervention to the families of low income and low education degree,at the same time to improve the compliance of health behavior in order to play a role in prevention and treatment of sudden deafness among nursing students.

Objective To assess the contribution of the portable chest computed radiography (CR) in evaluation of monitoring devices of the patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods One hundred and sixty-two cases with 387 chest radiographs in the ICU were analysed retrospectively. The location of the catheters of monitoring devices and complications were observed.Results The malposition of the catheters was detected in 47 cases(16.9%),including the endotracheal (ET) tubes too deep at the position, the central venous catheters placed into the internal jugular veins,and the position of the thoracic drain tubes to be deep not enough causing the drain to fall.The complications after operation of monitoring devices were not common,including pneumothorax caused by ventilatory assistance,atelectasis and pneumonia caused by malposition of the ET tubes,totally in 11 cases.10 cases with cardiopulmonary abnormalities were discovered accidentally in all 162 cases(6.2%) when evaluation of monitoring devices.Conclusion Bedside chest CR not only can show the catheter position and the complications of the monitoring devices ,but also the cardiopulmonary abnormalities of patients in the ICU.

Objective To research the location in cerebral circulations of recurrent stroke.Methods We included patients with acute cerebral infarction from the Department of Neurology of People's Hospital of Peking University within three years.We followed up the patients by telephone and electronic medical record to determine whether they belong to recurrent group or not.We recorded the clinical and image variables of recurrent group.We classified the recurrent group by whether the loci of recurrent stroke is in the same circulation.We determined the independent risk factors of the same circulation loci by Cox regression.Results There are 106 cases of recurrent stroke.Within 5 years,46.2％ of the cases had recurrent loci in the same circulation as first stroke loci.53.8％ of the cases had recurrent loci in the different circulation from first stroke loci.According to logistic regression,whether the recurrent loci was in the same circulation was not related to age,sex,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,smoking,but related to the survival time.The shorter the survival time was the more ratio of same circulation loci happened.The longer the survival time was the more ratio of different circulation loci happened.37％ of cases with recurrent strokes happened in the first year occupied the most cases in the 5 years.Conclusions With the long time study of the location of recurrent stroke,we get the conclusion that the longer the survival time is the more ratio of different circulation stroke happen.So we emphasize the importance of medicine for the stroke in long time.At the same time we conclude the rationality of endovascular treatments within 1 year from first stroke because recurrent loci is more often in the same circulation in 1 year.

Objective:To describe the secular trends of premarital medical examination ( PME ) in China during 1996 and 2013 and to assess the impacts of national health policies on the PME rate. Methods:The information on marriage and PME for districts and counties in 31 provinces of China was annually collected by the Office for National Maternal & Child Health Statistics of China, and the infor-mation on the health policies was from official governmental websites. According to the main health poli-cies, the calendar years were categorized into 3 periods:1996 to 2003 was mandatory PME period;2004 to 2008 was encouraged voluntary PME period; and 2009 to 2013 was free-paid voluntary PME period. Results: During the 18-year period, 284 242 719 people were registered for a marriage in which 107 198 795 were examined, giving the PME rate of 37. 7%. During the mandatory PME period, the rate ranged 52 . 7% -67 . 7% with an average of 60 . 9% ( urban 71 . 5%, and rural 51 . 7%) . In 2004 , the first year when the PME became voluntary, the rate was abruptly dropped to 2. 6%, and thereafter gradually increased to 11 . 5% in 2008 . As the policies of the free-paid voluntary PME were subsequently issued, the rate was quickly increased to 52. 3% (urban 49. 8%, and rural 54. 6%) in 2013. The in-creasing trend was consistently observed both in urban and rural areas, and across East, Middle, West, and Northeast economical regions. However, the rates differed greatly among provinces. In 2013, 5 pro-vinces had rates of >90% ( Guangxi 97 . 5%, Fujian 96 . 0%, Ningxia 95 . 4%, Zhejiang 93 . 4% and Anhui 90. 1%), whereas some provinces were stuck at a low rate, including developed and underdeve-loped provinces/cities. The PME rate in 2013 was 27. 4% for Shanghai, 25. 5% for Guangdong, 12. 4%for Chongqing, 5. 8% for Beijing and 4. 6% for Tianjin. Underdeveloped provinces were Guizhou (6. 4%) and Qinghai (1. 8%). Conclusion:As various national policies to promote voluntary PME were issued, the PME rate was significantly increased after a sharp decline, though it varied greatly by provinces. For provinces with high PME rate, PME-related health benefits need to be evaluated;for provinces with low rate, it is of important practical significance to explore a cost-effective health service model that is likely incorporated with pre-pregnancy examination.

Objective To develop a set of indicators for measuring the performance of China's Healthcare Improvement Initiative.Methods Such methods as literature review,expert consultation and onsite preliminary experiment were used,to study and demonstrate the indicators,the evaluation framework,the weight,evaluation indicators,and evaluation standards.Results The final evaluation indicators for medical institutions included nine class-1 indicators,29 class-2 indicators,and 56 class-3 indicators;those for healthcare administrations included six class-1 indicators,nine class-2 indicators,and 13 class-3 indicators.Conclusions The system takes into full account the special nature of healthcare,and mission of the Initiative,as the well as the quality,safety,efficiency and equity of healthcare,to make the system scientific and operational.