This paper intends to analyze the working intention in rural areas and its influence factors of medical students .A random sampling method was used to select the sample for the study .This investigation was conducted on the medical students of grade 3 to 5 in undergraduate medical schools , junior medical colleges and technical seconda-ry medical schools from 10 western provinces .The methods of exploratory factor analysis , chi-square test , one-way ANOVA and binary logistic regression analysis were used to make the data mining .As per the results of this study , 52 .1%of the sample medical students have the working intention in rural areas .The working intention of the medical students with rural hukou (56.4%) is significantly higher than that of the medical students with urban hukou (42. 7%) .The influencing factors mainly include hukou , basic conditions of working unit , core conditions of working u-nit, gender, type of medical college, family income level, and major.In conclusion, to further expand the recruit-ment number and scope of medical students with rural hukou , and to promote the working intention in rural areas of medical students to be translated into practical working behavior , improving the core conditions of medical institutions in rural areas , and loosening and lower the recruit standards and conditions to some extent when hiring the new medi -cal workers should be viewed as some of the strategies to use .

Humans ; Hydrofluoric Acid ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Protective Devices

0.05).While the diagnosis ratio of MP and LP with RT-PCR+IIF method were higher than any of other 3 methods significantly(Pa

Taking the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine as an example,the paper discussed its practices in optimizing outpatient service process.These practices include innovating convenient outpatient service process,establishing a coordination center of hospital's beds to strengthen pre-hospital one-stop management,implementing day surgery to improve inpatient service,implementing professional and humanized hospital clinical care,introducing the concept of fast tract surgery to promote accelerated rehabilitation after surgery,and establishing a follow-up center for inpatients discharged.Such efforts have improved the medical services' efficiency and quality,and improved the patients' satisfaction.

To enhance interns' comprehensive ability and qualification in medical laboratory , ISO 15189 quality system that was widely accepted at home and abroad was applied in practice teaching management. First teaching experience was shared with each other, teaching competition was encouraged to improve the qualification of teaching, and then relevant academic conference and the application of scientific or new projects were also advocated to promote the construction of teaching staff. Second, the management system of the intern was improved, the rules of the management of the intern files were optimized, the train-ing and study were regularly organized, the teaching system was perfected, and the practice appraisal was standardized. Practice proved that the graduates had strong ability to work, to master the quality management of ISO 15189 elements and could solve the common problems in clinical work and at the same time they had certain scientific research thinking.

Objective To evaluate the correlation of visual acuity measured using two different types of eye chart in children with amblyopia.Methods 119 cases (213 eyes) amblyopia patients were selected,including 40 cases (80 eyes) of refractive amblyopia,41 cases (58 eyes) of anisometropia amblyopia,and 38 cases (75 eyes) of strabismus amblyopia were selected.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were determined using standard visual chart and visual noise dual chart and the correlation between the two visual acuity result were explored using Spearman's correlation analysis.Results The visual acuity in refractive amblyopia,anisometropia amblyopia and strabismus amblyopia determined by standard visual chart was statistically correlated with that determined by visual noise dual visual acuity chart.Conclusions The visual acuity measured by standard vision chart showed satisfactory linear relationship with that measured by visual acuity chart double among three types of amblyopia,however,the strength of correlation coefficient between different types of amblyopia were different:correlation coefficient in anisometropic amblyopia was the highest,and the coefficient in refractive amblyopia was the lowest.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antibiotics resistance and the presence of resistant gene of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nosocomial infection patients in our hospital.METHODS Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by Microscan WalkAway-40,the antibiotics resistant genes of aac(6')/aph(2″),aph(3')-Ⅲ,ant(4',4″),TEM,tetM,macA,erm and qacA/B of 16 MRSA and 24 MSSA strains were detected by PCR.RESULTS The percentage of MRSA in this investigation was 59.4%,the positive rate of ?-lactamases of 192 S.aureus strains was 98.9%,resistant rate of S.aureus to ?-lactam antibiotics was 52.1-99.0%,and to erythromycin,clindamycin,clarithromycin,ciprofloxacin,norfloxacin,gentamicin and tetracycline was 52.1%,78.1%,85.5%,56.3%,61.1%,55.2%,and 69.8%,respectively,but to nitrofurantoin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were relatively lower(1.1% and 10.5%) than the others.VISA,h-VISA and VRSA were not measured.To the most of antibiotics,the resistant rate of MRSA was higher than MSSA.The presence of resistant gene of MRSA and MSSA was different.There was more positive percentage of gene in MRSA than in MSSA.CONCLUSIONS Antibiotics resistance of S.aureus isolated from nosocomial infection patients in our hospital is severe.Compared to MSSA,MRSA has higher antibiotic resistant rate and more complicated drug-resistant mechanism.Some measures should be done to reduce the antibiotic resistance of S.aureus.

Objective To evaluate the role of 5-HT5A receptors (5-HT5A R) in activation of astroglia in the spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by vincristine. Methods Forty adult male SD rats weighing 180-200 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each): control group (group C);neuropathic pain group (group P);Ad-X-HK group (group B) and Ad-5-HT5A-siRNA group (group S). Neuropathic pain was induced by repeated intraperitoneal (IP) injection of vincristine 0.1 mg/kg according to the method described by Weng et al in group P, B and S. On the 2nd day after the last IP injection, the animals received artificial cerebrospinal fluid, Ad-X-HK and Ad-5-HT5A-siRNA 25 μl administered intrathecally (IT) in group P, B and S respectively. Paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulus was measured before and on the 7th day after IT administration. The animals were then sacrificed. The lumbar segment ( L4.5 ) of the spinal cord was removed for determination of 5-HT5A R and GFAP expression. Results Body weight and paw withdrawal threshold were significantly decreased after repeated IP vincristine administration in group P compared with group C. IT Ad-5-HT5A-siRNA reduced pain threshold further in group S compared with group P. Repeated IP vincristine significantly increased the expression of 5-HT5A R and GFAP in spinal dorsal horn, and IT Ad-5-HT5A-siRNA significantly decreased the expression of 5-HT5A R while increased the expression of GFAP in spinal dorsal horn in group S compared with group P. Conclusion 5-HT5AR is involved in the inhibition of astrocyte activation, resulting in reduction of vincristineinduced neuropathic pain.

Objective To learn the status quo of core competency of registered nurses in tertiary level first-class hospitals in Liaoning Province and compare the level and characteristics of core competency of registered nurses in different working years in order to supply evidence to establish contrapuntal training protocol.Methods "The Competency Inventory for Registered Nurse scale"(CIRN,by LIU Ming)was distributed to investigate the core competency of registered nurses,the data underwent analysis.Results The overall score of core competency level was (174.11±31.89),the score of the nurses with 16～20 years of working experience was the highest,while the score of nurses working for 1～5 years was the lowest.The core competency varied with working years,evident difference existed in different dimensions and total scores.Conclusions The overall core competency is at the upper middle level for registered nurses from five tertiary level first-class hospitals in Liaoning Province.They are competent enough to provide health care.With the increasing length of working time,nurses' core competency level will strengthen gradually.

Objective To investigate intraoperative changes of internal environment in infants undergoing living related liver transplantation (LRLT), and to explore appropriate treatment measures. Methods Twenty-five infants undergoing LRLT were retrospectively studied, including 12 males, 13 females, with age of (3. 4 ± 4. 6) months (ranging from 2-11 months), weight of (6. 8 ±1. 3) kg (ranging from 3. 1-8. 8 kg). Arterial blood samples were collected before the operation, at preanhepatic phase (5 min before cross-clamping), at anhepatic phase (5 min before opening inferior vena cava), 5 and 30 min after the opening inferior yena cava respectively, and at the completion of the surgery the pH value, bases excess (BE), the levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, glucose and lactate were determined. Results There were large fluctuations to the internal environment during operation. Compared with the preoperative values, the intraoperative concentrations of Na+ had no significant change; The pH value and blood level of K+ had no significant change at pre-anhepatic phase and anhepatic phase (P＞0. 05), the pH value was decreased at anhepatic phase Ⅰ (P＜0. 01 )and returned to the preoperative level at the end of the operation, and the blood level of K+ decreased at anhepatic phase and lasted till the completion of the surgery (P＜0. 01 ). The blood level of Ca2+ was decreased at pre-anhepatic phase and neohepatic phaseⅡ (P＜0. 05), and recovered at the end of the operation. Blood glucose concentration was increased significantly at preanhepatic phase to neohepatic Ⅱ, and still kept at the higher level until the end of operation. The lactate concentrations were increased significantly at pre-an.hepatic phase to neohepatic Ⅱ (P＜0. 01 ), and recovered at the end of operation. The BE was decreased at pre-anhepatic phase to neohepatic Ⅱ (P＜0. 05), and recovered at the end of the operation. Conclusion There are significant disruptions which are unique and inter-related to the internal environment parameters in infants during the operation of LRLT.Monitoring and accurate intraoperative managements for different physiological status at different phases are critical for the success of LRLT in infants.