In this paper, the effects of the blend of nanoparticles and microneedle matrix materials on the mechanical properties of dissolving microneedles were studied mainly, so as to construct microneedles with excellent mechanical properties. Different kinds of nanoparticles (calcium carbonate, hydroxyapatite, silica), particle sizes (20, 60, 100 nm) and the proportion of prescription (2%, 6%, 10%) were blended with the matrix material [polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate)(PVP/VA)] to form dissolving microneedles. The effects of nanoparticles on the elastic modulus and hardness of the microneedles were investigated using a nanoindenter. The results showed that the elastic modulus and hardness of PVP microneedles were significantly improved by nano-calcium carbonate (P < 0.001), and the elastic modulus and hardness of PVP/VA microneedles were significantly improved by nano-hydroxyapatite (P < 0.001). When the particle size of hydroxyapatite was 20 nm, the elastic modulus of PVP/VA microneedles was (10.6 ± 1.0) GPa, and the hardness was (0.47 ± 0.06) GPa. As the size of the nanoparticles increases, the mechanical performance of the microneedles decreases. When the mass proportion of nano-hydroxyapatite increased from 2% to 6%, the elastic modulus and hardness of the microneedles were significantly improved (P < 0.001), but the effect of continue increasing the proportion of nanoparticles on the microneedles was not significant. The nano-enhanced PVP/VA dissolving microneedles has no irritant effect on intact skin and has a slight irritation to damaged skin, but they disappear completely after 72 h. Animal experiments have been approved by the Laboratory Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee of Zhejiang University of Technology. Therefore, the nano-enhanced dissolving microneedles has good biological safety. To sum up, it is necessary to select the appropriate kind of nanoparticle, particle size, and prescription ratio when microneedles constructing with a given matrix material, so as to effectively improve its mechanical performance.

ObjectiveTo study the level of temperament and self-esteem of children aged 8～12 in Beijing city,as well as their interaction and influenced factor.Methods203 school children aged 8～12 were assessed with Carey's temperament questionnaire(8～12:MCTQ) and The Self-Esteem Scale(SES).ResultsTemperament and self-esteem of school children aged 8～12 were associated with the parental behavior,especially with work style of their fathers.The rhythmicity was found to be negative correlated to the self-esteem scores,and the intensity of reaction was found to be positive correlated to the self-esteem scores.ConclusionParents' behavior and family environment were important to the temperament and self-esteem of school children.

Automobile Driving ; China ; Humans ; Seat Belts ; utilization

Animals ; Autophagy ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; physiopathology

Objective To analyze the genotype of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) strains isolated from patients with chickenpox or zoster and to differentiate them from Oka vaccine strain by molecular analysis. Methods In the present study, single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) based VZV genotypes were analyzed in 19 VZV isolates using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphisms analysis of DNA fragments of the open reading frames 38, 54, 62, and the 1t5 repeat region. Results The genotypes of 19 VZV isolates including two different groups with 52.7% of Pst Ⅰ+ Bgl Ⅰ+ R5A and 47.3% of Pst Ⅰ+ Bgl Ⅰ+ R5B, which is very different from those found in North America, Europe and Japan. All the Chinese isolates are wild-type strains with ORF62 Sma Ⅰ-. No Oka vaccine strains were revealed among the isolates. Conclusion Chinese VZV strains reported in this study showed different molecular characteristics from those circulating in Europe, North America and Japan. The SNPs in ORF62 and ORF38 may be used to distinguish VZV wild-type strains and vaccine strain in clinical isolates in China.

Objective To analyze the clinical effects of bronchoscope combined with hot and cold ablation in treatment of benign and malignant tumors in primary tracheal and bronchial. Methods From January 2013 to November 2015, 30 cases of pathological types of primary tracheal / bronchial benign and malignant tumors patients include: 8 cases of hamartoma, 1 case of lipoma, 4 cases of granuloma, 1case of clear cell carcinoma, 7 cases of small cell lung cancer, 9 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, were treated by using carbon dioxide cryotherapy combined hot ablation under bronchoscope. Then investigated the outcomes. Results 30 patients, 22 males, 8 females, suffered from 1 month to 2 years, underwent surgery bronchoscope interventional treatment under local anesthesia combined with intravenous anesthesia, are taking joint cold ablation technique. All patients airway is completely opened, the lifting of the airway obstruction. Including 19 cases of disposable surgical removal of the lesion; 8 cases of lesions due to wide distribution, 2 times surgery; three cases three times surgery, no serious complications, follow-up without recurrence, blood gas analysis and dyspnea index were significantly improved. Conclusion Bronchoscope cold joint ablation techniques in the treatment of primary tracheal, bronchial benign and malignant tumors is effective, simple, minimally invasive and safe.

By analyzing the traditional educational mode and subject of the higher medical education, the basic method and emphasis of the experimental class of the clinical medicine educational innovation have been established, and the general frame of the educational innovation content has been constructed, the executive essential point and point in the content of the educational innovation have been made. After several years of the practice and positive exploration, the class has achieved success.

Objective To evaluate of the clinical efficacy and side-effect of 595nm tunable pulsed dye laser in treatment of children heamangioma of skin. Methods A retrospective study was conducted according to 76 children patients with heamangioma of skin (including 53 cases of nevus flammenus, 20 strawberry hemangioma and 3 cavernous hemangioma) treated with 595nm tunable pulsed dye laser. We evaluated the efficacy and side-effect of the treatment. Results The effectiveness rates were 83.2% and 86.63%, respectively, in nevus flammenus and strawberry hemangioma, but there were disappointed efficacy obtained in patients with cavernous hemangioma treated with 595nm tunable pulsed dye laser. There was 7.9% of the side-effect rate in the children with heamangioma of skin treated by 595 nm tunable pulsed dye laser. Conclusion There is satisfactory clinical efficacy and lower side-effect for children hemangioma treated by 595nm tunable pulsed dye laser.

objective:To investigate the relationship between magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) metabolism and Ki-67 expres-sion in high-(HGG) and low-grade gliomas (LGG) by analyzing Ki-67 expression and HGG and LGG metabolites. Methods:We consid-ered 56 pathologically confirmed glioma cases in our hospital. The Ki-67 expression and the MRS metabolism parameters in the tu-mors were analyzed simultaneously. Results:The tumor solid value of Cho was positively correlated with the Ki-67 expression level (rs=0.714, P<0.05). By contrast, the Ki-67 expression level was negatively correlated with the tumor solid value of NAA (rs=?0.708, P<0.05) in 35 cases of the LGG group. The tumor solid value of Cho was also positively correlated with the Ki-67 expression level (rs=0.624, P<0.05). By comparison, the Ki-67 expression level was negatively correlated with the tumor solid value of NAA in the HGG group (rs=?0.769, P<0.05). Conclusion:The MRS metabolism was correlated with the Ki-67 expression in high-and low-grade gliomas.

BACKGROUND:Distraction osteogenesis is one of the most important tissue engineering technologies. However, the exact signaling pathway controling mesenchymal stem cel-osteoblast lineage (MSC-OB) migration during distraction osteogenesis has not yet been elucidated. More efforts should be paid to make a ful understanding of the mechanism on MSC-OB lineage migration, which can improve the clinical efficacy of distraction osteogenesis.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of mechanical stretch on the ability of MSC-OB mobility and expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway as wel as matrix metaloproteinases (MMPs) in MSC-OB, and to make clear the mechanism by which controls MSC-OB migration during distraction osteogenesis.
METHODS:Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups: experimental group (n=6), anin vivo rat mandibular distraction osteogenesis model was established on the right side of rats; non-stretch group (n=6), only the mandibular resection was done but with no distraction osteogenesis. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect phosphorylated mTOR expression in new osteotylus at 15 days after operation. In addition, an in vitro cel stretch model was made in the mandibular mesenchymal stem cels from healthy Sprague-Dawley rats under resting tension force (6%, 4 hours); no distraction was done in control group. The ability of MSC-OB mobility, the expression of mTOR, Raptor, p70S6K and MMPs were evaluated using experiment methods including immunohistochemistry staining, real-time PCR and scratch assay.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of phosphorylated mTOR in MSC-OB was upregulated in the mandibular bone calus of the stretch group than the non-stretch group (P < 0.05). In thein vitro experiments, MSC-OB applied with mechanical stretch (6%, 4 hours) showed elevated gene expression levels of mTOR, Raptor, p70S6K, MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-13 compared with the control group (0%, 4 hours). Meanwhile, MSC-OB in the experiment group (6%, 4 hours) showed a greater ability of mobility, as demonstrated by a farther distance after 48 hours of observation (P < 0.05). The present study suggests that the enhancement of MSC-OB mobility correlates with increase of the gene expression of MMPs and mTOR signaling pathway. Mechanical stretch may promote MSC-OB migration through activation of mTOR/MMPs signaling pathway.