Objective To summarize and analyse the clinical data of death cases in the department of emergency internal medicine. Methods The clinical data of patients presenting at the department of emergency internal medicine from January 2005 to July 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among 13 211 patients of department of emergency internal medicine, 145 died. More cases died in winter( 32.0% , 39/122 ).More than half of deaths occurred within 6 hours after admission( 54.5% ,79/145 ). The top six death causes were sudden death, pulmonary infection, cerebrovascular accident, advanced cancer, gastrointestinal bleeding,cardiovascular diseases and the occurrence rates were 18. 6%, 13.8%, 13.8%, 10.3%, 9. 7% and 9.0%respectively. Conclusion The first three death causes in department of emergency internal medicine were sudden death, cerebrovascular accident, pulmonary infection. Prevention of these diseases, cooperation between emergency department and other departments and special training on standardized treatment of critically ill patients should be enhanced.

Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of comprehensive rehabilitation nursing on patients with cere-bral infarction (CI)complicated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:According to number table,a total of 118 CI + T2DM patients were randomly and equally divided into comprehensive nursing group and routine nursing group.Comprehensive nursing group received comprehensive nursing based on routine nursing.The evaluating inde-xes included fasting blood glucose (FBG)concentration,limb muscle strength recovery and score of activity of daily living of two groups before hospitalization and discharge.Results:Compared with routine treatment group before discharge,there was significant reduction [(7.9±4.2)mmol/L vs.(5.9±2.8)mmol/L]in FBG concentration in comprehensive nursing group;limb muscle strength recovery of comprehensive nursing group was significantly better than that of routine nursing group (≥ grade III,upper limb 83.1% vs.64.4%,lower limb 76.3% vs.55.9%);percentage of patients with activity of daily living score > 60 scores (33.9%)in comprehensive nursing group was significantly higher than that of routine nursing group (15.2%),P <0.05 all. Conclusion:Comprehensive rehabili-tation nursing could promote the rehabilitation of physical function in patients with cerebral infarction complicated type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To provide credible anatomic data and information for clinical diagnosis and surgery of hand by measuring the length of metacarpal bone and phalanges of hands on X-ray films and to study their mathematical relations.Methods The X-ray films of hands on posteroanterior position were taken in 186 healthy college students (M90,F96).The length of each metacarpal and phalange were measured.All the data were calculated by SPSS software.Results The mathematical relations of each metacarpal and phalange bone were obtained .It was found that there were sexual differences in the ratio of first to second,second to fourth,second to fifth and third to fourth metacarpal length,the ratio of first to second,first to fourth and second to fifth proximal phalangeal length,the ratio of second to fifth,third to fifth and fourth to fifth middle phalangeal length and the ratio of first to second and first to third distal phalangeal length.Conclusion The results of this mathematical relations are of great significant in orthopaedic surgery of hand.

Objective To establish a method for determination of 7 preservatives, benzyl alechol, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, methyl-paraben, ethyl-paraben, propyl-paraben, butyl-paraben, in cosmetics in one time by gas chromatography. Methods The cosmetic sample was dissolved by methanol, extracted by ultrasonic and separated by packed column of DB1, the optimized experimental condition was explored also. Results The concentrations of 7 preservatives showed a positive correlation with the peak heights at the following ranges, 100-500 ?g/ml for benzyl alechol, 200-600 ?g/ml for sorbic acid, 25-500 ?g/ml for benzoic acid, methyl-paraben, ethyl-paraben, propyl-paraben and butyl-paraben, the correlative coefficients were 0.998 3-0.999 9. The detection limits were 5.5, 57.1, 29.6, 6.2, 5.5, 6.2, 6.2 ng/ml respectively. The recovery rates were 91.6%-102.7%. RSDs were 2.2%-10.2%. Conclusion The present method can perfectly separate the seven preservatives in cosmetics mentioned above with some advantages, such as simple, accurate, sensitive and quick.

Objective To establish a method for determination of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide residues in water by GC-MS.Methods Twelve kinds of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide residues were determined with GC-MS with methylenechloride and petroleum ether(4∶1) as extraction solvent.Results The linear ranges of 12 kinds of pesticides were perfect in the range of 0.01-1.0?g/ml,r≥0.997,the average rates of recovery were 76.0%-111.0%,and RSD were 5.20%-9.20%,the lowest limit detection(S/N=3) of dichlorvos,chinomethionate,parathion,bromophos,carbophenothion,fenthion,isoprocarb,pirimicarb,aminocarb,thiobencarb,pendimethalin,malathion was 0.009,0.003,0.008,0.001,0.003,0.003,0.0025,0.009,0.005,0.010,0.010,0.006 ?g/ml respectively.Conclusion This method is simple,rapid,sensitive and can be applied to the simultaneous determination of 12 kinds of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in the water.

With the development of society and the improvement of people's living standards, the effect of Chinese medicine in treatment and health care is more and more prominent. The herbal decoction pieces are the important part of Chinese medicine,it can be applied directly to clinical treatment and it's also the raw material of Chinese patent medicine. Therefore, the quality of herbal decoction pieces is quite important. The parts of the production of herbal decoction pieces are numerous, and there are possibilities of adverse effects on the quality of the herbal decoction pieces in every part. In this paper, we based on the production chain of herbal decoction pieces, analyzed the main problem that affect the quality of herbal decoction pieces in the part of selection of Chinese herbal medicines, planting, purchasing, processing, packaging, storage and transport, such as the poor quality of seed and seedlings of plant-based Chinese medicines, some plants left their place of origin and have been introduced in the place that is not suitable for this kind of plant, the insufficient growth time and the excessive harmful substances. The purchasers and the accepters lack of professional knowledge and professional ethics. The mechanism of processing is not clear, the standards can not be uniformed, and lack of qualified person in processing, etc. So we suggest: intensify the basic research of key scientific issues. Improve the quality of persons who work in herbal decoction pieces; Establish an "integration" mode of operation in herbal decoction pieces enterprise; Breeding high quality plant resources, establish the large-scale planting basement; Make the packing of herbal decoction pieces standard; Establish the modernization traditional Chinese medicine logistics enterprise.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; economics ; manpower ; standards ; Drug Packaging ; economics ; manpower ; standards ; Drug Storage ; economics ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; standards ; Quality Control

Through summarization on published literatures on allergic rat model in recent 20 years, domestic current research status and trend were analyzed. Some insights were provided on how to build a standard process for modeling and post-modeling evaluation. “Allergic rhinitis,” “rat model of allergic rhinitis”, or “animal experiment” was used as search terms. Related published articles were searched in the CNKI database from August, 1993 to October, 2013. Documents and data, including modeling method, drug dose, modeling cycle, model assessment described in the articles were extracted, summarized and quantitative analyzed. The results showed that 208 valid articles were included in this study. SD rat was used as animal model. Ovalbumin plus aluminum hydroxide were used as adjuvant sensitizing agents. Intraperitoneal injection plus nasal stimulation were the most commonly used modeling method. Behavioral evaluation scale score was used as the main evaluation index. It was concluded that currently there were many methods for allergic rhinitis animal modeling domestically. The post-modeling evaluation was relatively single. It was urgent and necessary to establish the standard process for modeling and post-modeling evaluation for allergic rhinitis animal model.

Objective To study the correlation between the obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and hypertension by monitoring nocturnal blood pressure fluctuation in patients.Methods 95 patients with OSAHS and hypertension (group A) and 95 patients with OSAHS only (group B) were selected and their body mass index, the ratio of neck circumference and height , the blood pressure at time of visit were recorded.At least 7 hours, polysomnography(PSG) was performed for every patient , meanwhile, the blood pressure before sleep, at night and right after wake-up were also collected.The two groups' data was compared and analyzed.Re-sults There was no statistical difference in the body mass index and neck circumference/height between the two groups.No significant difference was found in the highest blood pressure in patients with different severity of OS-AHS.There was no statistical correlation between AHI and systolic blood pressure(SBP) difference of sleep and right after wake, so was AHI and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) difference of before sleep and sleep and bedtime (P > 0.05).But there was correlation between AHI and the different value of SBP before sleep and sleep, so is AHI and DBP diferenee of right after wake and sleep (P > 0.05).Conclusions There is correlation between AHI and the different value of SBP before sleep and sleep, so was AHI and DBP diferenee of right after wake and sleep.Measure of different time-points blood pressure at night can avoid interrupting the sleep state of patients, will help better evaluate cardiovascular complications and prognosis of patients with OSAHS .

Apoptosis ; Female ; Gardening ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Pesticides ; adverse effects

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of carboxymethyl-chitosan(CMCS) on chondrocyte apoptosis induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP),and the effects of CD44 in the process.MethodsA small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting to CD44 mRNA (siRNA-1,siRNA-2,siRNA-3) was constructed.The siRNA was transfected into chondrocytes in vitro with LipofectamineTM 2000.The efficacy of transfection was detected by transfecting fluorescence siRNA into cells.The mRNA expression of CD44 in vitro was detected by RT-PCR.The protein level of CD44 was detected by Western blotting.The apoptosis rate of the transfected and non-transfected cells induced by SNP was detected by flow cytometry.Statistical analysis was conducted with one-way ANOVA and SNK-q test.ResultsThe efficacy of transfection was about 60％.As compared with the control group,the mRNA expression was specifically inhibited after transfecting CD44 siRNA-1 for 24,48 and 72 h(0.198±0.007 vs 0.429±0.053 at 24 h,0.211±0.016 vs 0.501±0.037 at 48 h,0.153±0.005 vs 0.341±0.009 at 72h,q=5.93,7.01,11.23,P＜0.01 ),and the protein level of cells was inhibited after transfecting CD44 siRNA-1 for 24 h compared with the control group (0.231±0.064 vs 0.675±0.113,q=13.09,P＜0.01 ).The FCM results showed that 3 mmol/L SNP could induce chondrocytes apoptosis(70±6)％,and 50,100,200 μg/ml C MCS could affect the inhibitory effect of SNP-induced apoptosis of chondrocyte [ (51 ±7)％,(30±4)％,(15±4)％,q=5.08,6.97,9.73,P＜0.01 ],but it had milder inhibitory effect on CD44-siRNA-1 transfected chondrocytes when compared with those of the non-transfected chondrocytes [ (34±6)％ vs(15±4)％,q=6.95,P＜0.01 ].ConclusionThe data of this study has suggest that siRNA-1 against CD44 gene can significantly inhibit the expression of CD44 in chondrocyte of rats in vitro after transfection.The CD44 may play an important role in chondrocyte apoptosis induced by SNP and protected by CMCS.