BACKGROUND:Myofascial trigger points have been widely applied in clinical rehabilitation and tissue pain field in the United States and Europe countries, and they have been recognized as the common cause of clinical musculoskeletal pain, joint function limitation, tissue injuries and muscle fatigue by many physiotherapists abroad. However, in China, many experts stil have some mistaken ideas and limitations to understand the pathological mechanism and to diagnosis and treat myofascial trigger points. OBJECTIVE:From the aspects of the etiology, pathological mechanism, diagnosis and positioning, treatments, to elaborate the method issues and the clinical experience of treatments of myofascial trigger points. METHODS:PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCO and CNKI databases were searched by the keywords of “myofascial trigger points, myofascial pain syndrome” in Chinese and English, respectively, in the titles and abstract to retrieve relevant articles published from the time of database construction to August 2014. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:It is concluded that a child has myofascial trigger points in some skeletal muscles after age of 4 years. The main causes of myofascial trigger points include issue trauma, the wrong posture, bone and joint degeneration, nutrition deficiency, mental stress, chronic infection and so on. The pathological mechanism of myofascial trigger points remains unknown, but what has been widely accepted is the integrated trigger point hypothesis introduced by Simons. And how to find and position myofascial trigger points is the key point to treat this disease successfuly. The application of myofascial trigger points techniques is important for the rehabilitation of clinical tissue pain and the occurrence and spread of bone and joint injuries, myofascitis, muscle pain, muscle fatigue and so on.

Objective To investigate the effect of the increased pulse pressure on cerebrovascular hemodynamic index.Methods From January 2014 to October 2016,the application of the method of cross-sectional study,6 006 consecutive health subjects examined and detected with ultrasound noninvasive cerebral hemodynamic index (CVHI) at the Physical Examination Center,Pu′er People′s Hospital,Yunnan Province were enrolled.In order to control the influence of age and gender on the results,according to age and gender in the increased pulse pressure group (≥60 mmHg),and the same sex and age difference of not more than 1 years old were selected as the inclusion criteria in the normal pulse pressure group (60 mmHg).Finally,1 115 subjects were enrolled as a control group for comparative analysis.The study population was divided into an increased pulse pressure group (n=590) and a normal pulse pressure group (n=1 115) in a mixed manner.The differences of CVHI index and its integral score of both groups were compared.The correlation of the increased pulse pressure level and changes of cerebrovascular hemodynamic accumulative scores were analyzed.Results The minimum velocity,mean velocity,and critical pressure in the increased pulse pressure group were significantly lower than those in the normal pulse pressure group (P<0.05),while the differences of the peripheral vascular resistance,characteristic impedance,pulse wave velocity,dynamic resistance,diastolic blood pressure,and critical pressure were significant higher than those in the normal pulse pressure group.There were significant differences (P<0.01).The integral values of cerebral hemodynamics in the increased pulse pressure group and the normal pulse pressure group were 76±22 and 88±19 respectively.There was significant difference (P<0.01).The proportion of the integral value <75 was 34.4% (203/590) and 15.6% respectively (174/1 115,P<0.01).With the increase of pulse pressure level,the integral value of cerebral hemodynamics showed a significant downward trend,there was a significant negative correlation between the two (r=-0.312,P<0.01).Conclusion The increased pulse pressure may result in the changes of cerebral hemodynamic indexes and its integral values.There is a significant negative correlation between the pulse pressure level and the integral value of cerebral hemodynamics.

Objectives:To understand the medical students'cognition of violence injury medical and the impact of medical injury events reports on medical students.Methods:A sample survey was conducted among 480 medical students in a medical university using self-developed questionnaire.Results:A total of 63.67％ of the medical students get violence injury events information through television news;more than 90％ of medical students were concerned about the media reports of violence injury medical events.The media reports of violence injury medical events had an important impact on medical students,and especially television reports had the greatest impact.41.2％ of the students would enhance their awareness of protection;37.9％ of medical students thought that work passion and enthusiasm would decline;the impact of reports on men was bigger than women (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:The report of violence injury medical events has an important impact on medical students.The media should improve self-discipline,create a harmonious public opinion environment and promote the healthy development of doctor-patient relationship.

Objective To investigate the expression and biological significance of microRNA-126 in colon cancer tissue.Methods The expression of microRNA-126 in colon cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of colon cancer patients was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 104 patients with colon cancer surgery (total of 104 pairs).The lentiviral vector was used to construct microRNA-126 cell line,and the effects of microRNA-126 on proliferation,migration and invasion of colon cancer cells were further studied in vitro.Results The relative expression of microRNA-126 in colon cancer tissues (0.63±0.11) was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues (1.08±0.15),the difference was statistically significant(t=14.561,P＜0.01).The positive rate of microRNA-126 expression in colon cancer tissues (61.5％) was significantly lower than that in adjacent cancer tissues (86.5 ％) the difference was statistically significant(x2=16.908,P＜0.05).The expression of microRNA-126 was significantly correlated with Dukes stage,depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis (P＜0.05).In the Transwell experiment with matrix glue,the number of cell migration in transfection group (11.26±4.85) was significantly lower than that in blank control group (264.37±32.15),the difference was statistically significant (t=23.418,P＜0.01).In the Transwell experiment without matrix glue,the number of cell migration in transfection group (83.75 ± 13.74) was significantly lower than that in blank control group (339.64 ± 26.38),the difference was statistically significant(t=12.682,P＜0.01).MicroRNA-126 could inhibit the proliferation and invasion of SW480 cells.Conclusion MicroRNA-126 can significantly inhibit the development of colon cancer cells and affect the biological behavior of colon cancer cells.

Objective The study was to investigate the relationship among angiotensin 1-converting enzyme(ACE), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)gene polymorphisms and the common carotid artery (CCA-IMT), and the predicting effects of them on CCA-IMT in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods The polymorphisms of ACE (I/D) gene and PAI-I (4G/5G) gene were deter-mined by polymemse chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) method in 308 cases with T2DM. CCA-IMT was compared among the groups with different genotypes of ACE and PAI-1. The in-dependent or synergistic effects of the ACE I/D and PAI-1 40/5G polymorphisms on CCA-IMT in 308 patients with T2DM were analyzed with multivariate linear regression. Then the 156 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics (durations< I year) without AS received the maltifactorial targeted intervention, including taking aspirin and controlling blood glucose, blood pressure, blood lipid and body weight. The differences of metabolic control, ACE (I/D) and PAId (40/5G) gene polymorphisms were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the eorrelation among the CCA-IMT, ACE (I/D) and PAI-1 (4G/5G) polymorphisms. Results Patients with ACE DD genotypes had higher CCA-IMT than those with ACE-Ⅱ or ACE ID genotypes. Patients with both ACE DD and PAI-1 404G genotypes had a higher CCA-IMT than those with any other pairs of genotypes. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that ACE DD and PAI-1 4G4G gene polymorphisms had synergistic effect on the CCA-IMT in T2DM patients. After 2 years multifactorial intervention, the frequencies of PAI-1 4G alleles and 404G genotypas were lower than those in the CCA-IMT non-inereasing group. Conclusions These findings indicate that the ACE-DD geno-type and its synergistic effects with the PAI-1 4G/4G genotype are independent risk factors for the CCA-IMT in T2DM patients. Under multi-factorial intervention for 2 years, PAI-1 4G/4G genotype may be a negative predictor for the progression of CCA-IMT in T2DM patients.

Midkine (MK) , a newly discovered heparin - binding growth factor, promotes growth, survival, and migration in various cells. Meanwhile, MK stimulates statistically significant forms in new arterioles and capillaries, causes vascular remodeling, prevents ischemia myocardial cells from injury via inhibiting apoptosis. MK also regulates the level of blood - fat.In general, MK plays key roles in cardiovascular diseases.

Objective To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone on renal interstitial fibrosis in chronic cyclosporine nephropathy (CCN) rats.Methods Twenty-eight rats were randomly assigned to control group,rosiglitazone (RGZ,5 mg·kg-1·d-1) group,cyclosporine A(CsA,15 mg·kg-1·d-1) group,rosiglitazone (5 mg·kg-1·d-1) +CsA group.Real-time PCR and RT-PCR methods were used to investigate the expressions of OPN,RANTES on the 14th day and MMP-9,TIMP-1 on the 35th day in kidney of CCN respectively.Results In comparison with control group,the expressions of OPN,RANTES,MMP-9,TIMP-1 in CsA and RGZ+CsA groups were increased (P＜0.05).In comparison with the CsA group,the expressions of OPN,RANTES,MMP-9,TIMP-1 in CsA+RGZ group significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusion Rosiglitazone may protect renal tissue after CCN by decreasing expressions of OPN,RANTES,MMP-9,TIPM-1.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Methods Clinical data of one case of PTLD,including clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment,were retrospectively analyzed.And the related literatures were reviewed.Results From January 2007 to November 2012,one case developed PTLD among 196 patients who were followed up after HSCT in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.The incidence of PTLD was 0.5％.Clinical manifestations of the patient were not typical,including frequent fever,multiple lymphadenopathy and multiple pulmonary nodules.The patient was diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (B-DLCL) by pathological examination of the swollen lymph node.After withdrawal of immunosuppressants,the temperature returned to normal,and lymphadenopathy and pulmonary nodules disappeared completely.Conclusion PTLD is a severe complication of HSCT with distinctive morphologic and clinical characteristics.The origin of this disease may be associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection and imrnunosuppressive therapy.It needs the pathologic detection to make a definite diagnosis.Several different treatment strategies have been employed,and reduction of immunosuppressive therapy may lead to regression of PTLD.

Objective The analysis healthy crowd skull magnetic resonance image formation(MRI) inspection result,understood healthy crowd skull common disease the type,favors the healthy physical examination project the reasonable establishment.Methods Medical Center sent medical examination of 380 cases of brain MRI data and retrospective analysis.Results 380 cases of brain MRI results show healthy physical examination:there are 9 kinds of disease,MRI exception occurred there were 109 cases,abnormal rate of 28.7％ ; by age is divided into three groups:30-40 sui,41-50 sui; 51-60 sui; 51-60 sui exception rate was highest in the age group,to 56.9％ ; the discovery of the disease,the highest incidence of disease with multiple lacunar cerebral infarction,73.4％ per cent of total incidence.Conclusion MRI no radiation,brain MRI examination should as a general project of middle and old aged healthy,early detection of brain tumor lesions and cerebral vascular lesion,disease prevention and healthy living for guidance.

To explore the diagnostic value of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) for intracranial cavernous hemangioma.The magnetic resonance sequences of SWI,conventional imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were performed in 37 patients of intracranial cavernous hemangioma to compare their different imaging capacities.Among them,the number of lesions found on T1WI,T2WI,DWI and SWI sequences were 40,41,42 and 50 respectively.Thus SWI may detect regular MRI negative or smaller lesions of intracranial cavernous hemangioma.