Objective To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid (UA)levels and Parkinson's disease (PD) risk under specific lifestyle exposures.Methods Case-control study was used.Three hundred and ninety-seven PD cases and the same number of controls with matched age and gender were selected.Demographic and exposure information was collected by face-to-face interview,and blood biochemistry studies tested.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of PD risk with UA levels or enviromental factors.Results The highest value of UA levels was associated with a decreased PD risk compared to the lowest value (OR =0.39,95％ CI 0.25-0.63) in both male and female groups.This association was significant among nonsmokers (OR =0.52,95％ CI 0.32-0.76),nondrinkers (OR =0.4,95％ CI 0.34-0.70),and persons taking exercise more than 1 houre a day (OR =0.51,95％ CI 0.35-0.74).But no significant association was affected in the subjects with smoking or drinking history and those with less exercise (＜ 1 hour a day).Conclusion We confirmed that higher UA levels were associated with lower PD risk in Chinese population,and some lifestyles may modify the protection effect of serum UA.

Objective To compare the immune effects of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) capsid protein VP1 expressed bacterially, recombinant adenovirus rAd/VP1 and recombinant plasmid pcDNA3/VP1which express VP1 protein in mice. Methods After expressed in prokaryotic cells, VP1 protein was purified. Recombinant adenovirus rAd/VP1 and recombinant plasmid pcDNA3/VP1 were amplified and extracted. Six to 8-week-old, male BALB/c mice were divided into four groups randomly. Each group contained 18 mice. The mice of pcDNA3/VP1 group or VP1 protein group were immunized intramuscularly with three injections at three weeks apart, of recombinant plasmid pcDNA3/VP1 at a dose of 100 μg/mouse or recombinant protein VP1 at a dose of 50 μg/mouse. The mice of rAd/VP1 group were immunized intramuscularly twice at two weeks interval with rAd/VP1 at a dose of 1.2 × 107 PFU. The control group was mock-immunized with 100 μl of PBS intramuscularly. Mice were bled from the retroorbital sinus plexus every two weeks after each immunization. ELISA and micro-neutralization test were used to detect levels of CVB3-specific IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody titers in the sera of immunized mice. Three weeks after the last immunization, the cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL) killing activity of spleen lymphocytes was detected with CCK-8 assay. Subsequently, virus titers in the sera of immunized mice were determined by the 50% cell culture infective dose( CCID50 ) assay on HeLa cell monolayers and percentage of animals surviving were observed after lethal CVB3 attack over a period of 21 days. Results The titers of specific IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody in sera of VP1 protein immunized mice were higher than other groups( P ＜0.05 ). While CTL killing activity of spleen lymphocytes of VP1 protein immunized mice was lower than mice in rAd/VP1 group( P ＜0. 05). Virus titers in sera of VP1 protein immunized mice were lower than the mice in pcDNA3/VP1 or rAd/VP1 groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ), while survival rate was significantly higher than these two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion VP1 protein induced higher level of humoral immune response and acquired obvious immune protection effects in mice. The immunizing potency of VP1 protein vaccine surpassed plasmid pcDNA3/VP1or recombinant adenovirus rAd/VP1. It appeared to be a promising candidate among the three different vaccines.

Hepatitis E is a globally distributed infection that varies in seroprevalence between developed and developing regions.In the less developed regions of Asia and Africa,a high seropositivity rate has been reported for hepatitis E virus(HEV)antibodies.Although acute hepatitis E is often self-limited and has a favorable prognosis,some populations experience severe manifestations,which may progress to liver failure.Moreover,some immunocompromised patients are at risk of developing chronic HEV infection and cirrhosis.Proactive screening,reducing misdiagnosis,improving patient management,timely anti-viral therapy for severe and chronic cases,and vaccination of high-risk groups are important measures to reduce the morbidity of hepatitis E.This review focused on the clinical presentation,management,and prevention of hepatitis E.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at admission for stroke associated pneumonia (SAP) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods:Patients with AIS admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2019 to June 2020 were retrospectively included. The demographic information, vascular risk factors, severity of stroke at admission, and NLR data of the patients were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the independent correlation between NLR and SAP. The NLR was divided into quartile groups to further analyze the trend relationship between NLR and SAP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of NLR for SAP. Results:A total of 316 patients with AIS were enrolled, including 200 males (63.29%) with an age of 63.86±13.78 years. The median baseline Nationanl Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 4 (interquartile range, 2-9), and the median NLR was 4.42 (interquartile range, 3.17-6.70). Ninety-three patients (29.43%) experienced SAP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NLR was an independent risk factor for SAP in patients with AIS (odds ratio 1.189, 95% confidence interval 1.077-1.313; P<0.001). Moreover, SAP risk increases with the increase of NLR ( Ptrend<0.001). Compared to the first quartile, the risk of SAP increased 9.991 times in the fourth quartile (95% confidence interval 2.912-34.279; P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of NLR for SAP prediction was 0.793 (95% confidence interval 0.737-0.850), with an optimal cutoff value of 5.475. The sensitivity and specificity for predicting SAP were 66.67% and 79.82%, respectively. Conclusion:NLR at admission is an independent risk factor for SAP in patients with AIS and has certain predictive value for SAP.

OBJECTIVEThe Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the WAS protein (WASP) gene. The disease is characterized by recurrent infections, eczema, and thrombocytopenia with small platelets, and it is known to be associated with extensive clinical variability, and mutation studies indicated that genotypes are also highly variant among WAS patients. The present study was conducted to identify the mutation types of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) gene in 3 boys suffering from Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

METHODSBased on the typical clinical manifestations of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome including thrombocytopenia, eczema, and recurrent infections and scanning electron micrographs, 3 patients were suspected of having WAS. The WASP gene of the 3 patients and their mothers were detected by PCR-direct sequencing analysis.

RESULTSBy sequence analysis using sense and antisense primer separately, the authors found two novel WASP gene mutations. For the twin brothers, a C deletion at nucleotide 984 was detected in exon 10 of WASP gene (984delC). The consequence of the C deletion involved frameshift mutation after H317 and premature stop at 444 (H317fsX444). Their mother was a carrier of the mutated WASP gene. For another WAS patient, a nonsense mutation with nucleotide substitution of G to T at position 1388 (1388G-->T) in exon 11 of WASP gene, led to premature translational termination at amino acid position 452 (E452X). His mother had not been found to have WASP gene mutation.

CONCLUSIONGenetic analysis is useful in definite diagnosis of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome patients and in carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis, especially of atypical or sporadic WAS patients.

Blood Platelets ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Child, Preschool ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exons ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Lymphocytes ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proteins ; genetics ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein

OBJECTIVETo identify and assess multiple human papillomavirus types in condyloma acuminatum lesions from patients with genital warts in Beijing area, and compare different features between otherwise healthy and immunosuppressed patients.

METHODSPCR, RFLP and nucleotide sequencing analysis were used to determine HPV types from individual lesions.

RESULTSThe predominant type from other healthy patients was HPV6, secondly HPV11. The mean age of patients infected by HPV6 was lower than that of HPV11 and HPV6 + 11. While lesions from immunosuppressed patients were often contained HPV11 or mixed with HPV6. Besides, HPV types 16 and 53 were detected from infected lesions than other HPV types.

CONCLUSIONSHPV6 was the major pathogen of condyloma acuminatum, but infected patients were at lower ages. While HPV11 was most often detected from immunosuppressed patients. As a low risk virus in normal genital tract, HPV53 also could be a pathogen in genital warts.

Adult ; Condylomata Acuminata ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Papillomaviridae ; classification ; isolation & purification ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Tumor Virus Infections ; Warts ; virology

Background/Aims: The utility of Baveno-VII criteria of clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) to predict decompensation in compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) patient needs validation. We aim to validate the performance of CSPH criteria to predict the risk of decompensation in an international real-world cohort of cACLD patients. Methods: cACLD patients were stratified into three categories (CSPH excluded, grey zone, and CSPH). The risks of decompensation across different CSPH categories were estimated using competing risk regression for clustered data, with death and hepatocellular carcinoma as competing events. The performance of “treating definite CSPH” strategy to prevent decompensation using non-selective beta-blocker (NSBB) was compared against other strategies in decision curve analysis. Results: One thousand one hundred fifty-nine cACLD patients (36.8% had CSPH) were included; 7.2% experienced decompensation over a median follow-up of 40 months. Non-invasive assessment of CSPH predicts a 5-fold higher risk of liver decompensation in cACLD patients (subdistribution hazard ratio, 5.5; 95% confidence interval, 4.0–7.4). “Probable CSPH” is suboptimal to predict decompensation risk in cACLD patients. CSPH exclusion criteria reliably exclude cACLD patients at risk of decompensation, regardless of etiology. Among the grey zone, the decompensation risk was negligible among viral-related cACLD, but was substantially higher among the non-viral cACLD group. Decision curve analysis showed that “treating definite CSPH” strategy is superior to “treating all varices” or “treating probable CSPH” strategy to prevent decompensation using NSBB. Conclusions Non-invasive assessment of CSPH may stratify decompensation risk and the need for NSBB in cACLD patients.

This paper collected and introduced the clinical experiences of national TCM master Xuan Guowei in treating pemphigus by stages.Xuan Guowei argued that in the acute stage, the main syndrome was intense heat toxin and mainly treated by resolving toxins and dispelling pathogen.With the development of the disease course, warm-febrile pathogen would change into dryness, burning fluid and consuming qi and thus in the later stage, yin deficiency accompanied with dampness-heat was mostly seen.It should be treated by dispelling dampness and fortifying the spleen, as well as clearing heat and nourishing yin.The disease has a relapsing course and could be easily conversed into the impairment of yin and deficiency of qi.Xuan advocated the combination of Chinese and western medicine for the treatment of pemphigus.On the basis of hormone therapy, the external treatment of Chinese medicine according to different stages of the disease could further be added.

Based on the duck plague virus (DPV) UL35 gene sequence that our laboratory obtained (GenBank accession number EF643558), a pair of primers was designed using Oligo6.0 and primer5.0, then the UL35 gene was amplified from DPV CHv strain genomic DNA and cloned into the pMD18-T to construct a clone plasmid pMD18-T-UL35. After identification of the pMD18-T-UL35 by PCR amplification and restriction digestion, the fragment of the UL35 gene was subcloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a(+). The resultant recombinant plasmid pET-32a(+)-UL35 was then transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain and optimally-expressed under the induction of 1.0 mmol/L IPTG at 34 degrees C for 5 hours. SDS-PAGE analysis showed the recombinant protein (VP26) had a molecular weight of about 33KDa and accounted for 32.3% of total bacterial protein by gel scanning. The protein was then purified by Ni(2+)-affinity chromatography and used to immunize rabbit for producing the VP26 anti-serum and its antibody titer was up to 1:32 detected by agar diffusion reaction. After the IgG of the polyclonal antibodies was purified by High-Q anion-exchange chromatography, Western blot analysis indicated that the IgG had specific reaction with the VP26. Moreover, the subcellular localization detection was observed using immunofluorescence technique. The results showed that the specific fluorescences appeared relatively few in nucleus in 2 to 8 hours and increased gradually in 12 to 36 hours and eventually reached to the maximum, which aggregated in the spot region of the nucleus after the duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) were infected by DPV. However, there were only a small amount of specific fluorescences in the cytoplasm in 12 hours and increased with the extension of infection time in 24 to 48 hours. The specific fluorescences finally reached to the maximum in the cytoplasm in 72 hours. The results provided significant data for furthering the study on the function of DPV UL35 gene.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Capsid Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Nucleus ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; Ducks ; virology ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; virology ; Herpesviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Molecular Weight ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism

Objective We aimed to elucidate the prevalence and the antibiotic resistance spectrum of nasal coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) colonization among HIV infectors in Guangzhou. Method After isolation and identification, all CoNS isolates were tested for the antibiotic susceptibility, and the antibiotic resistance genes. Result Among the 1 001 HIV infectors, the prevalence of CoNS and MRCoNS were 57.44% and 48.15%, respectively. The three predominant resistant antibiotics of MRCoNS isolates were penicillin, erythromycin and trimethoprim-sulfame thoxazole, while predominant detection rates of genes were Aac(6’)-aph(2’)、ermC and linA genes. The multidrug resistance rate of MRCoNS isolates were significantly higher than methicillin-susceptible coagulase-negative staphylococci (MSCoNS) isolates (80.69% versus 39.66%, P<0.001, OR=6.36). Conclusions The prevalence and multidrug resistant rates of nasal colonization CoNS and MRCoNS are high among HIV infectors in Guangzhou. MRCoNS isolates were 6.36 times more likely to be of multidrug resistance than MSCoNS isolates.