Objective To investigate the effect of nicotine on coagulation abnormalities in endotoxemic rats.Methods Ninety-six male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=24 each): group normal saline (group NS);group LPS;group nicotine(group NIC)and group α-bungarotoxin (α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, group α-BGT) . Endotoxemia was induced by LPS 10 mg/kg injected via femoral vein in LPS, NIC and α-BGT groups. In group NIC nicotine 400 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before LPS injection. In group α-BGT α-BGT 1 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 15 min before intraperitoneal nicotine. Prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),fibrinogen(Fib),antithrombin (AT),von Willebrand factor(vWF),plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1),D-dimer,platelet count and TNF-α were measured before (baseline) and 2, 4 and 6 h after LPS injection.Results PT and APTT were significantly prolonged and plasma Fib and AT concentrations and platelet count were significantly decreased, while plasma PAI-1, D-dimer, vWF and TNF-α concentrations were significantly increased after LPS administration in group LPS as compared with group NS. Nitotine pretreatment significantly attenuated the LPS-induced changes in group NIC.The effect of nicotine was counteracted by α-BGT. Conclusion Nicotine can attenuate coagulation abnormalities induced by LPS by acting on α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that the combined use of sufentanil and neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation can increase the number of newborn nerve fibers.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of sufentanil on the hind limb function of rats with spinal cord injury after neural stem cell transplantation.METHODS: (1) Eighty adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used to build spine cord injury model according to the modified Allen's method and divided into model group, sufentanil group, NSCs transplantation group and sufentanil combined with NSCs transplantation group (combined group). Extra 20 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were not conducted any treatment as normal control group. (2) After 6 days of modeling, the model rats were subjected to subarachnoid injection of 10 μL of NSC culture medium and intraperitoneal injection of 100 μL of saline in the model group; subarachnoid injection of 10 μL of NSC culture medium and intraperitoneal injection of 100 μL of sufentanil (150 μg/kg) in the sufentanil group; subarachnoid injection of 10 μL of 1×1010/L NSCs suspension and intraperitoneal injection of 100 μL of saline in the NSCs transplantation group; and subarachnoid injection of 10 μL of 1×1010/L NSCs suspension and intraperitoneal injection of 100 μL of sufentanil (150 μg/kg) in the combined group. (3) After 72 hours of modeling, the AQP4 and MMP9 gene expression levels were detected by RT-PCR, and the cell apoptosis changes around the spine cord injury area were determined with TUNEL staining method. (4) The motor functions of rats were tested by Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan score and inclined plane test after 1, 3 days and 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of modeling. (5) After 4 weeks of modeling, the histopatholgical changes in the area of spine cord injury were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining method. The survival changes of NSCs labeled by CM-Dil were determined by fluorescence microscope. The regenerations and distributions of spinal nerve fibers were observed by fluorescein gold retrograde tagging.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After 72 hours of modeling, the AQP4 and MMP9 gene expression levels as well as the cell apoptotic rate in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the model, sufentanil and NSCs transplantation groups (P < 0.05). (2) After 2 weeks of modeling, the combined treatment significantly improved the hind limb motor functions of rats compared with the sufentanil and NSCs transplantation groups (P < 0.05), and the recovery of motor function was better in the sufentanil and NSCs transplantation groups than in the model group (P < 0.05). (3) After 4 weeks of modeling, the results of hematoxylin-eosin staining manifested that the spinal cord tissues lost and the magnified syringomyelias occurred in the model group. The syringomyelias in the sufentanil and NSCs transplantation groups were significantly smaller than that in the model group, and the syringomyelias almost disappeared in the combined group. (4) The number of positive cells was the most in the combined group, more in the NSCs transplantation group, but there were no positive cells labeled by CM-Dil in the sufentanil and negative control groups. (5) The number of positive neural fibers in the combined group was the highest followed by the sufentanil and NSCs transplantation groups, and the number of positive neural fibers in negative control group was the lowest. To conclude, sufentanil can improve the recovery of hind limb motor function by reducing the AQP4 and MMP9 expression levels in the injury area, promoting the survival of transplanted NSCs, and decreasing the local NSCs apoptosis after spinal cord injury.

Objective To assess left atrial reservoir function based on left atrial filling volume,the left atrial expansion index and left atrial ejection fraction (LAEF) were measured in patients with left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC),using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE),to determine the value for LVNC diagnosis.Methods The study included 20 patients diagnosed with LVNC,including 3 patients,aged 4-16 years;8 patients,aged 17-35 years;9 patients,aged 36-55 years;and 20 healthy age-matched control subjects.All patients underwent two-dimensional echocardiography and RT3DE.Results Two-dimensional echocardiography showed no differences between groups (P ＞ 0.05).RT3DE analysis showed that the average left atrial filling volume/BSA,left atrial expansion index,and LAEF were significantly higher in the LVNC group.Conclusion LVNC is associated with increased left atrial reservoir function.RT3DE shows promise for the diagnosis of LVNC.

Purpose To analyze the echocardiographic features of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) using Logistic regression, and to screen the indexes which can be used for the prognosis of PPCM. Materials and Methods Fifty patients who were diagnosed as PPCM by echocardiography were divided into recovered group (30 cases) and non-recovered group (20 cases), all the patients underwent echocardiography, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd) was measured in the parasternal long axis view, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured using Simpson biplane method in the apical four-chamber and two-chamber view to look for the evidence of left ventricular thrombosis, if complicated with pulmonary hypertension, continuous wave Doppler was used for measuring the peak velocity of tricuspid valve regurgitation, and estimating of pulmonary artery systolic pressure, Logistic regression model was established and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to evaluate the prediction value of Logistic regression model. Results Compared with non-recovered group, there was statistically significant difference of LVEDd, LVEF, left ventricular thrombosis, pulmonary hypertension and re-checked LVEF (t= -4.33, 7.64 and 11.54, P<0.05; χ2=10.93 and 4.43, P<0.05) in the first examination, while there was no statistical difference in pericardial effusion, mitral valve regurgitation and tricuspid regurgitation between the two groups (χ2=2.21, 0.67 and 3.46, P>0.05). Three sonographic features LVEDd, LVEF and left ventricular mural thrombus) could be used for the establishment of Logistic model (χ2=5.14, 11.59 and 14.58, P<0.05). The prediction accuracy of the model was 90.0% (45/50, P<0.001) and the area under ROC curve was 0.945±0.030 (P<0.001). Conclusion Logistic regression analysis can be applied for the screening of ultrasound index for PPCM, LVEDD, LVEF and left ventricular wall thrombus can predict the prognosis of PPCM accurately.

Objective:To investigate the breakthrough point and working method of anti-infective clinical pharmacists for involving the clinical therapy. Methods:Through the specific cases, the effect of clinical pharmacists in ward round and consultation was intro-duced and analyzed. Results:Through communication and learning, clinical pharmacists could play an important role in such areas as indications, multi-resistant bacterium and adverse reactions, especially in adverse reactions and individualized dosage regimen. Con-clusion:To a certain extent, clinical pharmacists are helpful to rational application of antibiotics in clinics through ward round, case discussion and consultation.

To study the effects of Jiangzhi Granule (JZG), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, in regulating liver X receptor α (LXRα) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) expressions in a rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Objective To investigate the changing characteristics of myocardial movement in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy by three?di?mensional speckle tracking echocardiography(3D?STE). Methods The peak systolic global longitudinal train(GLS),global radial strain(GRS), global circumferential stain(GCS)and global area strain(GAS)of left ventricle were measured by 3D?STE technology in 69 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. According to the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),all patients were divided into group A(35%≤LVEF<50%)and group B (LVEF<35%). The differences of measurements were compared between two groups. The correlation between global myocardial strain in all direc?tions and left ventricular ejection fraction was analyzed. Results The GLS,GRS,GCS and GAS were significantly higher in group A than those in group B(P<0.01). The GLS,GRS,GCS and GAS were correlated with LVEF in group A(r=-0.871,0.610,-0.423,-0.797;P<0.05).The GCS,GRS and GAS were correlated with LVEF in group B(r=-0.517,0.368,-0.438;P<0.05). There was no significant correlation between GLS and LVEF in group B. Conclusion 3D?STE technology can be applied to evaluate the change of the myocardial movement. GLS is a promis?ing marker of the prognosis in patients with DCM.

To study the mechanism of liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the therapeutic effects of the extract mixture of Dangyao (Swertia pseudochinensis Hara) and Shuifeiji (Silybum marianum Gaertn) on NAFLD rats with liver injury.

Background The visual system of animal have to optimally adjust in various environmental conditions in order to obtain stable and effective visual funetion.However,the color vision system of animals which encounter uncertainty of spectral signals should be plastic.Whether the densities of various cones and expression of opsins change with long-time spectral deprivation is unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the changes of cone density as well as the expression of corresponding opsin and mRNA following the long-term illumination of monochromatic light.Methods Thirty 3-day-old guinea pigs were randomized into 3 groups and exposed tO the 530 nm green light,400 nm purple light and white light for consecutive 8 weeks respectively.The flat-mounted retinal sample was prepared and divided into dorsal zone,ventral zone and mixed zone anatomically according to the distribution of difierent light-sensitive cone.The changes in density of cone cells sensitivited to different colored light were detected by single-1abel or double-label immunocytochemistry.The levels of opsin and its mRNA were determined using Western-blot and real-time PCR respectively.Results The density of green-sensitivity cones was significantly different in the dorsal zone of retina among green light group,purple light group and white light group (F=234.28,P<0.01).Compared with white light group,the density of green-sensitive cones in dorsal retina of green light group was obviously higher but that of purple light group wag evidently lower(q=389.68,P<0.01；q=67.11,P<0.01).No significant difference was found in the density of purple-sensitive cones in the ventral zone of retina among green light group,purple light group and white light group(F=3.14,P>0.05).The density of coexpression of the mixed cone cells was increased in green light group(q=157.55,P<0.01)but decreased in purple light roup (q=254.85,P<0.01)in comparison with white light group.The expression levels of green-opsin and green-opsin mRNA in green light group was significantly elevated(q=184.45,P<0.01；q=4.71,P<0.05),but those of purple light group were evidently declined(q=5.87,P<0.05；q=346.66,P<0.01)in comparison with white light group.There was no statistically significant differences were found in the expression of purple-opsin and its mRNA among all the groups(F=1.24,P>0.05；F=3.27,P>0.05).Conclusion After the exposure of long-time monochromatic light illumination,monochromatic cones density and its opsin in guinea pig occur the corresponding alteration to gain good spatial vision as a compensatory reaction.These outcomes imply that there is some plasticity during the development of color vision.The increase of green-sensitive cones might be from the differentiation of coexpression cones in transition region.

To explore the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) by comparing the therapeutic efficacy of methods for fortifying the spleen and replenishing qi, warming yang and fortifying the spleen and warming yang to move water.