Objective To study the value of plasma D-dimer ＜ 500 μg/L level in diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism occurred in patients.Methods The clinical data of the patients with pulmonary embolism confirmed by imaging examination with plasma D-dimer levels ＜ 500 μg/L admitted from January 1st 2008 to June 30th 2011 were analyzed retrospectively.Results Totally,there were ten pulmonary embolism patients with plasma D-dimer levels ＜ 500 μg/L.The 10 eligible patients were assessed for the possibility of pulmonary embolism by using the Wells score (i.e.Wells clinical pretest probability prediction model).Of them,0 cases was evaluated as low clinical pretest probability (grade ＜2),7 cases as moderate clinical pretest probability (grade 2 ～6) and 3 cases as high clinical pretest probability (grade ＞ 6).Conclusions Pulmonary thromboembolism was easily misdiagnosed for lacking specific clinical manifestations and the missed diagnosis in patients caused high mortality,so it was difficult to exclude acute pulmonary embolism simply depending on the D-dimer levels ＜ 500 μg/L.Therefore,in case of plasma D-dimer levels less than 500 μ g/L,the possibility of pulmonary embolism cannot be ruled out in patients with moderate or high Wells clinical pretest probability.

An HPLC-UV method was developed for the determination of total naringenin and total hesperetin in rat plasma after oral administration of Citrus aurantium Immaturus extracts and Zhizi Dahuang decoction. Plasma samples were pretreated with liquid-liquid extraction procedure and acid hydrolysis method was used for converting conjugated naringenin and hesperetin to their respective free forms. Plasma samples were separated on a C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm), using 0.1% phosphoric acid and methanol as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1) with gradient elution. DAS 2.0 software was applied to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters while the SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Significant differences were observed, the C(max) AUC(0-t) of total naringenin in ZS group was 73.5% and 65.9% higher than those in ZZDHD group, respectively; the C(max), AUC(0-t) of total hesperetin in ZS group was 63.5% and 119.1% higher than those in ZZDHD group, respectively. There is a obvious decrease in C(max) and AUC(0-t) of total naringenin and total hesperetin after compatibility and their pharmacokinetic characteristics changed greatly due to the combination of other herbs. The established method was rapid, sensitive, selective and accurate, and it could be applied in the determination of total naringenin and total hesperetin in rat plasma.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Citrus ; chemistry ; Drug Incompatibility ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Flavanones ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Hesperidin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To determine the relationship between maternal negative major life events during the first trimester and incidence of congenital heart diseases(CHD) in their offspring.Methods The 4-2-1 medical information was referred and screen CHD children who were confirmed by Municipal hospitals over.A 1:2 case-control study was carried out with face-to-face structured interviews and telephone interviews to investigate parents of 116 children with CHD and 232 healthy matched children,including the parents′ demographic variables(such as whether the working environment exposure to toxic and hazardous substances 1 year before pregnancy,et al),mother′s experience of previous adverse pregnancy,duration of pregnancy condition(such as maternal negative major life events during the first trimester,the history of catching a cold or fever during the first trimester.The possible risk factors were analyzed by simple factors Logistic regression methods.Then,diagnosing the colinearity among these suspicious risk factors,and rejecting it if necessary.Finally,multiple factors conditional Logistic stepwise regression was used to filter once more.Results The results revealed that maternal negative major life events and taking medicine during the first trimester,mother′s experience of previous adverse pregnancy were related to the occurrence of CHD in the offspring.Moreover,maternal negative major life events during the first trimester play the most important role(OR=1.810).Conclusions Strengthening mothers′ mental health and controlling or reducing maternal negative major life events during the first trimester may be effective in reducing the risk of CHD.

Innate immunity is on the frontline of fight against pathogenic microorganism invasion .As a DNA sensor, absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is an important member of innate immune system.It can recognize dsDNA of pathogenic microbes to form AIM 2 inflammasomes , which facilitates defending and clearing the invasion of pathogens by activating caspase-1 dependent pyroptosis and the mature of IL-18 and IL-1β.AIM2 inflammasomes play an important part in responding to Listeria monocytogenes, Francisella tularensis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Aspergillus fumigatus, vaccinia virus , murine cytomegalovirus , and hepatitis B virus infections .This paper introduces the components of AIM 2 inflammasomes and summarizes its function in defending the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms .

In order to study the factors influencing quantitative measurement of CT lung densitometry, 54 healthy adults underwent lung spiral scans at 50 % vital capacity (VC). Among the 54 cases, 40 received HRCT scan at carina and 5 cm away from carina (± 5 cm) at 10 % VC and 90 % VC, 23 lung HRCT at those three sections at 50 % VC. Using automatic evaluation software-Pulmo, mean lung density (ME) and pixel index (PI) at each section were evaluated. It was found that the depth of respiration affected ME and PI markedly. The ME changed 125.91 Hu between 10 % VC to 90 % VC. The ME and PI were also influenced by collimation, age and sex. It was concluded that it was very important to control the depth of respiratory. The normal CT attenuation values for the lung should be established.

Objective:To construct eukaryotic expressing vector of the full length coding sequence of Bad gene and to express the gene in the basal cell carcinima A431 cells.Methods:Bad gene was amplified from Hela cell line by RT-PCR and the fragment of the cDNA was cloned into eukaryotic expressing vector pcDNA3.1-myc by ligating the fragment into XhoI and EcoRI site.The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-myc-Bad was identified by DNA sequencing and restriction enzyme analysis.The gene transfection mediated by lipofectin was used to introduce the eukaryotic expressing vector of pcDNA3.1-myc-Bad into human basal cell carcinima A431 cells. After selection with G418, resistant colonies were obtained.Trasfection efficiency was identified by Western blot and SABC-FITC assay.Cell proliferation was examined by cell counting and colonogenic assay after transfection.Results:A 500 bp DNA fragment was amplified with RT-PCR.Sequence and restriction enzyme analysis showed that the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-myc-Bad was constructed successfully.In human basal cell carcinima cell line A431 Bad gene was expressed.The cell proliferation was inhibited by 62.6% and colonogenesis by 39.9% by the transfection of the gene.Conclusion: Human Bad gene was successfully cloned.Transfection of basal cell carcinoma cells with the gene may inhibit the cell proliferation and colonogenesis.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of sorafenib alone or combination with transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)and percutaneous local cryotherapy(PLCT)for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients without operation opportunity. Methods Sixty-four advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients were selected as our subjects,who were underwent treatment of sorafenib alone or combination with TACE and PLCT. Thirty-two cases with sorafenib therapy were served as sorafenib group and another 32 cases with sorafenib in combination with transarterial chemoembolization and PLCT were served as combination group. All patients were followed up for 6 - 32 months. The treatment efficacy and tumor development were recorded. Results All surgeries of the patients were succeed and no death or serious operation complications occurred. Of 64 patients, 11 were achieved a complete remission( CR),31 cases with partial remission( PR),14 cases with stable development(SD),and 8 cases with progressive disease(PD). In the sorafenib group,3 cases were with CR,11 patients with PR,12 with SD,and 6 patients with PD. In the combination group,8 patients were with CR,20 patients with PR,2 patients with SD and 2 patients with PD,and the difference was significant between the two groups(χ2 = 14. 028,P = 0. 003). The median periods to tumor progression were 20 and 53 weeks in the sorafenib group and the combination group,and the difference was significant( χ2 = 14. 773,P = 0. 000). Conclusion For hepatocellular carcinoma patients without operation opportunity,sorafenib combined with TACE and PLCT can increase the tumor remission rate and prolong the periods to tumor progression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To find out the clinical effect of integrative therapy for pregnant women with viral myocarditis(VMC).Methods The experimental group 60 VMC maternal cases were treated by integrative therapy,while the control group 43 patients were treated by simple western medicine,the efficacy of two treatments were compared,and left ventricular function,myocardial enzymes and other indicators were compared.Results Markedly effective rate of control group was 48.84％,and total effcctive rate was 72.09％ ; markedly effective rate of experimental group was 65.00％,and total effective rate was 91.67％.Markedly effective rate and total effective rate of experimental group were significantly higher(P ＜0.05).After treatment,stroke volume,ejection fraction and cardiac output index of experimental group were significantly higher than before treatment (P ＜ 0.05 ); After treatment,the indexes of experimental group and control group were significantly different ( P ＜ 0.05 ).After treatment,creatine kinase,creatine kinase myocardial isoenzyme,aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase index of experimental group were significantly lower than before treatment ( P ＜ 0.05 ) ; After treatment,the indicators of experirnental group were lower than control group( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion This prescription is used to treat pregnant women with valid prescriptions of VMC,the clinical efficacy of integrative medicine is significant,the cardiac contractile function can he improved,and a strong application advantages is shown compared to conventional therapy with simple western medicine.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on T-lymphocytes 1 and cytokines including IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α asindicators well representing immune function and inflammation in normal rats and rats with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley male Rats were randomly ( random number) divided into five groups.Rats of group A were treated by saline solution (0.9 ％ NaCl,5 mL/kg),and served as control group; rats of group B were treated with saline solution and hyperbaric oxygen therapy three times; rats of group C were treated with zymosan (500 mg/kg) ; rats of group D were treated with zymosan and hyperbaric oxygen therapy once; and rats of group E were treated with zymosan and hyperbaric oxygen therapy three times.At 24 hours after saline or zymosan administration,rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected from the portal vein.CD3 +,CD4+,CD8+ cells were counted by flow cytometer,and plasma levels of IL-6,IL-10 and TNF-αwere measured by ELISA.The results were analyzed by one - way ANOVA and LSD post-hoc test.Results CD4 T cell of normal rats was decreased by hyperbaric oxygen (P＜0.01 ),CD4/CD8 T cell ratio was also decreased ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Of rats with zymosan administration,CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells were both decreased on a parallel (P＜0.01 ).A single one HBO and HBO for three times both raised the percentage of CD4 T cells which was significantly decreased by zymosan administration ( P ＜ 0.01 and P ＜ 0.05 ).In rats without hyper- inflammation,hyperbaric oxygen therapy showed a pro-inflammatory effect by elevating TNF-α (P＜0.01),IL-6 (P＜0.05) and reducing 1L-10 (P＜0.05).ConclusionsHBO reduces CD4 T cells in normal rats.HBO reduces the production of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10 during hyper- inflammation.HBO is pro - inflammatory in normal rats and minor SIRS rats withourt appreciable hyper-inflammation in circulation.