Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has a higher prevalence in the population, and most normal individuals after primary infection can establish latent infections. Recent reports have suggested that cytomegalovirus infection associated with lipid metabolism, and play an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as hepatitis, atherosclerosis, isolated syndrome, metabolic syndrome, etc. This article summarized the relationship between cytomegalovirus infection and lipid metabolism, as well as its role in a variety of diseases progression.

Objective To investigate the effect of silodosin,a selective alpha1 a-adrenoceptor antagonist on a rat model of testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and its mechanisms.Methods The rats were divided into three groups:control,testosterone-induced BPH,and silodosin +BPH groups.BPH was induced by subcutaneous injection of testosterone [20 mg/(kg · d)] for 4 weeks.Meanwhile silodosin + BPH groups rats were administered silodosin 4 weeks [100 μg/(kg · d)].After 4 weeks,all animals were sacrificed to examine the blood biochemical profiles,prostate volume,weight,histopathological changes,and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) protein expressions.Results Each group showed an increase compared to their initial body weight;however,differences in weight change between groups were not significant (P ＞ 0.05).The BPH group displayed lower glucose levels than the control group.The serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were not significantly different among groups (P ＞ 0.05).The group treated with silodosin showed significantly lesser prostate size and weight than the testosterone-induced BPH group [volume:(0.93 ± 0.14) cm3 vs (1.75 ± 0.15)cm3,P ＜0.01;weight:(0.97 ±0.06)g vs (1.30±0.05)g,P ＜0.01].In addition,silodosin decreased the expressions of EGFR and BCL-2 in prostate tissues (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions These results suggest that silodosin suppress the development of BPH by inhibiting the expressions of EGFR and BCL-2.

Objective To evaluate the clincopathological presentation of eosinophilic gastroenteritis(EG). Methods Seven patients with EG were studied. their clinical manifestation, laboratory tests, endoscopy, treatment and prognosis were analyzed from the hospital records. Results (1) The patients of predominant mucosal type were presented with abdominal pain and diarrhea, and those of serosal type with abdominal pain and bloating.Some accompanied with nausea, vomiting and low fever.(2) Peripheral and bone marrow eosinophilia were presented in all seven patients. Eosinophil counts waxed and waned with symptoms and dramatically responsed to steroid therapy.(3) ESR, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen were in normal range, and the level of IgG was decreased.(4) The ascites were exudative with eosinophilia.(5) Some patchy lesions such as erosion and edema in antrum, duodenum and cecum were presented in endoscopy.Biopsy showed predominant eosinophil infiltration in mucosa.(6) It responsed to steroid therapy, and all symptoms and eosinophilia would be relieved within one week.(7) Symptoms may relapse but with good prognosis.Conclusion Eosinophilic gastroenteritis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms especially in the presence of peripheral eosinophilia. Mucosal biopsy would be helpful to establish the diagnosis.

Calcineurin (CaN) serves as a key enzyme in human immune regulation. The most important target of this enzyme is the transcription factors of nuclear factors of activated T cells (NFATc). The discovery of the immunosuppressive function of CaN inhibitors (CNIs),ciclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506),has helped overcome the immune rejection of organ transplantion and changed organ transplantion fundamentally. Both of these drugs are still widely used in clinical and basic research,but their therapeutic effects are limited by their serious side effects,including renal tox?icity and neurotoxicity. Therefore,the development of new CNIs with higher specificity and fewer side effects in the clinic is a focus of research. In this paper,the newly discovered and synthesized CNIs in recent decades,including the CsA and FK506 derivatives,direct inhibitors of CaN,as well as the inhibitors that specifically interfere with CaN-NFATc interaction,were summarized.

Objective To study the different pathogenesis between non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease(NERD) and reflux esophagitis(RE).Methods 57 patients with regurgitation or heartburn from 1996 to 2004 were assessed in this study.Patients with esophageal mucosal break by endoscopy were regarded as the RE group,others as the NERD group.The clinical feature and whether complicating with H.pylori infection in both groups were reviewed and all patients underwent esophageal manometry and 24 hours esophageal/gastric pH monitoring.Results No differences of age?sex?smoking?drinking and Hp infection were found between the two groups.The incidence of the atypical reflux symptom (chest pain) in the NERD group was higher than in the RE group.There was pathologic acid reflux in both groups,but the two groups did not differ at reflux degree.Esophageal body peristaltic amplitude of the NERD group was higher than that of the RE group.Average gastric pH of the NERD group in supine was lower compared with the RE group.Conclusion In the NERD patients,the incidence of the atypical reflux symptom is more prevalent.It is the esophageal acid clearance not the reflux degree that plays an important role in the different pathogenesis between NERD and RE.

Objective To clone the 5′ non-coding region (NCR) of human interferon-?-inducible protein 10(IP-10), and to identify the transcriptional activity of IP-10 promoter induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Methods Genomic DNA of lymphocytes was isolated from the human blood. With above DNA as the template, the 5'NCR of human IP-10 was amplified by nest polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Then, the IP-10 promoter was cloned into luciferase reporter vector, pGL3. The recombined vector was transfected into HUVEC, and then the activity of the luciferase was determined after the cells were stimulated by LPS. Results Human IP-10 promoter was obtained and the pGL3/IP-10 was successfully constructed. Moreover, the activity of luciferase driven by human IP-10 promoter was observed to obviously increase in the HUVEC stimulated by LPS. Conclusion We successfully cloned human IP-10 promoter, constructed luciferase reporter vector driven by the human IP-10 promoter, and confirmed that high transcriptional activity of human IP-10 promoter was induced by LPS in HUVEC. The results supplied an experimental base for the further study of the transcriptional regulation of human IP-10.

Objective To evaluate advantages and disadvantages of three procedures-percutaneous ethanol injection,small incision unroofing,and laparoscopic unroofing-in the treatment of renal cysts.Methods Clinical data of 106 cases of renal cysts from January 2001 to November 2004,treated either by percutaneous ethanol injection(Percutaneous Group),or small incision unroofing(Small Incision Group),or laparoscopic unroofing (Laparoscopic Group),were reviewed.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,hospitalization costs,and cure rate were compared among the three procedures.Results The Percutaneous Group presented the least hospitalization costs(3 261.8?779.2 yuan),the lowest cure rate(78.6%,22/28),and the highest recurrence rate(21.4%,6/28).The Small Incision Group had the shortest operation time(44.1?5.7 min),and the Laparoscopic Group had the highest hospitalization costs(9 050.9?1 116.2 yuan).There were significant differences in these parameters among the three groups(P0.05).Conclusions The three procedures,with each having its own advantages,should be selected depending on individual conditions.For patients with a simple renal cyst

We have observed the effects of five alga polysaccharides on rabbit's blood platelets aggregation. We found that the polysaccharides could inhibit aggregation of blood platelets in vitro. The strongest effect was observed in the polysaccharides from the following,in decreasing order of strength: Scytosiphon lomentarius, Codium fragile,Laminaria japonica and Ulvalactuca. The same effect was not observed in polysaccharides from Cladophra. We also found a positive correlation between the effects of anti-aggregation and the ratio of vitriol radicles in these five polysaccharides.

Objective To explore the correlation between pathologic findings of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma accompanied with cystic lesion and their radiological images .Methods The pathological and radiological data of 97 cases with cystic lesion of 560 patients who were diagnosed as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma based on postoperative pathology were retrospectively analyzed .All the patients underwent CT and MRI examinations .Results Postoperative pathological report showed that solid masses and cysts coexisted in all the lesions .Solid masses had compact structures and consisted of innumerable fibrous collagen mixed with tumorous tubular or acinar gland tissue but lack of vessels and inflammatory cells were infiltrated in tissues surrounding the tumors .As for the accompanied cystic lesions , 54 cases ( 56%) were pseudocysts , 22 cases (23%) were retention cysts, 12 cases (12%) were pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms ( IPMN) , and 9 cases (9%) were the necrosis and cystic changes of the tumors .Solid masses were hypodense or iso-hypodense in CT, and hypodense on T1 WI and isodense or iso-hyperdense on T2 WI in MR.The focal calcification was detected in only one mass .Seventy-eight cases displayed slight enhancement and 19 cases displayed no enhancement after enhancement .The tumor′s boundary were unclear in all cases .The cystic lesions which were located in masses were only observed in patients with tumors′necrosis and cystic degeneration, and other cystic lesions were adjacent to the solid masses .Single cyst was found in 70 cases (49 with pseudocysts , 12 with retention cysts , 9 tumors′necrosis and cystic degeneration ,) and multiple cysts were in 27 cases (5 with pseudocysts, 10 with retention cysts ,12 with IPMN).Exudation appeared surrounding the tumors in all cases accompanied with pseudocysts , and the cystic wall was attached to the spleen in 10 cases and the kidney in 5 cases.Hemorrhage appeared in 16 cases with pseudocysts .Pancreatic ducts were blocked by tumor masses and the proximal duct was dilated in 80 cases.Common bile ducts were obstructed with the proximal duct dilated in 18 patients.Splenic veins were infiltrated in 11 cases.Wall nodular lesions were seen in 5 cases with cystic degeneration .Conclusions Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a highly invasive tumor with compact structures , and the tumors′cystic degeneration is uncommon in such patients .Most of the cystic lesions accompanied with the tumors are pseudocysts or retention cysts , which are secondary changes caused by the obstruction in pancreatic ducts , and these pathological features are correlated the imaging findings .

Objective To explore the clinical value of 13C-methacetin breath test for the assessment of liver disorder and to analyze its predictive value to the severity of liver function injury in children.Methods Eighteen healthy children served as healthy control group,and 40 patients with different etiology and severity served as experimental group,and then the latter were divided into 2 subgroups,28 patients in Child-Pugh classification A,and 12 cases in below B(11 cases in B and 1 case in C).An oral dose of 2 mg/kg tracer 13C-methacetin was administered to each subject for the 13 C-methacetin breath test.At the same time,serum liver function markers including serum transaminase,bilirubin,albumin and prothrombin time were measured.The acquired data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software.Results (1) Metabolisation velocity (MV) max30 and cumulated dose (CUM) 120 in experimental group (46.64 ± 27.93,59.29 ± 30.73) were much lower than those of the healthy control group(73.56 ± 26.03,102.97 ± 41.80) (t =2.450,3.165,all P ＜0.05);(2) MVmax30 and CUM120 were closely correlated with the liver function markers of albumin,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,prothrombin time (P ＜ 0.05);(3) MVmax30 and CUM120 could predict liver diseases in children,especially the CUM120.With CUM120 =85.80 as a cut-off value to predict liver diseases,the Youden index was 0.578 at its maximum,and the sensitivity and specificity were 77.8％ and 80.0％;(4) Compared with the Child-Pugh classification A,the CUM120 in Child-Pugh classification B and lower B was significantly lower(P ＜ 0.001);(5) CUM120 could predict the severity of liver diseases.With CUM120 =56.15 as a cut off value to predict the severity of liver diseases,the Youden index was 0.857 at its maximum,and the sensitivity and specificity were 85.7％ and 100.0％.Conclusion 13C-methacetin breath test index of CUM120 could predict liver diseases in children and the severity of liver function.