New technologies and ideas are constantly emerging recently. With the arrival of the era of minimally invasive surgery, most of the colorectal cancer surgeries can be conducted through minimally invasive techniques. In this study, we discuss the status, characteristics, controversy, and consensus of minimally invasive techniques in colorectal cancer surgery.

Objective To study the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and osteopontin (OPN) in cervical carcinoma and their relationship with invasion and metastasis. Methods The expression of MMP-3 and OPN were detected in 54 cases of cervical cancer tissues by immunohistochemical SP method. Compared with 15 cases of normal cervical tissues, the relationship was analyzed between both protein expressions and clinical pathology. Results The expression positive rates of MMP-3 and OPN in cervical cancer tissues (70.37 % and 66.7 %, respectively) were significantly higher than those of normal cervical tissues (20 % and 0, respectively), were significantly higher with infiltration depth >1/2 and lymph node metastasis than those with depth≤1/2 and without metastasis , respectively(P <0.05). The expressions of MMP-3 and OPN were related with depth of cervical infiltration and lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer.Expressions between MMP-3 and OPN were significantly positively correlation(r =0.401, P<0.05). Conclusion The expressions of MMP-3 and OPN are correlated with invasion and metastasis of cervical carcinoma.

ObjectiveThis paper discusses the instructional design of ＂General survey of medical culture＂,to provide the basis for the implementation of the teaching.MethodsThe first round of our teaching situation was concluded,to improve the teaching objectives,content,methods and the content and methods of teaching evaluation.Results The course is a new medical humanities curriculum to improve medical knowledge of the human spirit of nursing students,training the cultural literacy,but the teaching content should be combined with professional features,and teaching evaluation methods should be improved.ConclusionsRigorous designed curriculum,flexible and diverse teaching methods and forms of assessment and suggestions from the students are conducive to the improvement of the course.

Objective To summarize the main nursing point and experience of allogeneic small bowel transplantation.Methods One case underwent allogeneic small bowel transplantation in our hospital on the first of December 2010,the nursing measures were summarized.Results The patient passed the operation well-off,and survived the infection phase and repulsion phase in the transplantation ward.Conclusions Valid preoperative evaluation,taking active measures to prevent intraoperative hypothermia and infection,using self-made vacuum pads to prevent pressure sores during operation,are the guarantees for successful operation.

BACKGROUND:In vitro experiments have confirmed that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can be induced to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells, thus which can be considered to function as liver repair.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem celltransplantation on acute liver injuries in rats through in vivo animal experiments.
METHODS:Healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:normal control group without modeling, celltransplantation group, and PBS group. Rat models of acute liver injury were prepared by 10%CCl4-olive oil solution in the celltransplantation and PBS groups which were fol owed by intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mL human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cellsuspension and 0.5 mL PBS, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that pathological changes related to acute liver injury appeared at 24 hours after intraperitoneal injection of CCl 4 . Then, the liver structure recovered at 7 days after celltransplantation, but it did not recover til the 14th day after PBS injection. Compared with the normal control group, serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly increased in the other two groups (P<0.05-0.01). In the celltransplantation group, the serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly lower than those in the PBS group at 3 days after treatment (P<0.05-0.01), and recovered normal y after 7 days. cells positive for anti-human nucleoprotein antibody were found in the portal area of liver tissues in the celltransplantation group after 3 days of transplantation, and then cells positive for anti-human albumin antibody appeared after 7 days. These findings indicate that intraperitoneal transplantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can improve liver function and repair injured liver tissues after acute liver injury in rats to some extent.

Objective To investigate the correlation of the the positive rate and necrosis rate of retropharyngeal lymph nodes with the clinical effects of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (PNC).Methods Seventy-two patients with PNC,50 males and 22 females,with the median age of 50,underwent IMRT delivered into 33 times.The retropharyngeal lymph nodes involved and positive lymph nodes of neck were delineated on the CT image.The median dose and median fractionated dose for gross tumor volume (GTV) were 70.0 and 2.12 Gy respectively,and the median dose and median fractionated dose for clinical target volume (CTV) were 70.0 and 2.12 Gy respectively.The patients were followed up for 36 (5-54) months.Results The metastasis rate of the neck lymph nodes was 90.3％,the metastasis rates in the regions Ⅰ-Ⅴ were 2.8％,86.0％,51.4％,20.8％,and 37.5％,respectively.The metastasis rate of the retropharyngeal lymph nodes was 79.2％,and specifically the metastasis rates of the left,right,and bilateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes were 51.4％,45.9％,and 18.1％,respectively.The cross metastasis rate was 6.9％.Necrosis of the retropharyngeal lymph nodes was found in 15 cases.The necrosis rates of the left,right,and bilateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes were 21.6％,27.2％,15.4％,respectively.Retropharyngeal lymph nodes metastasis was significantly correlated with N stage and clinical stage(Fuzhou 92:r =-0.383,-0.314,P ＜ 0.05 ; UICC:r =-0.434,-0.306,P ＜ 0.05).Local recurrence was observed in 4 patients,6 patients had distant metastasis,and 7 patients died.The positiveness of retropharyngeal lymph nodes was significantly correlated with the recurrence rate,distant metastasis rate,survival rate,and disease free survival rate (r =0.085,0.138,-0.140,-0.124,P ＜ 0.05),and the necrosis of the retropharyngeal lymph nodes was significantly correlated with the recurrence rate and distant metastasis rate (r =0.256,-0.057,P ＜ 0.05),and not significantly correlated with the survival rate and disease free survival rate.Conclusions Retropharyngeal lymph nodes metastasis in NPC is correlated with the N stage and clinical stage.The positiveness of retropharyngeal lymph nodes is significantly correlated with local recurrence,distant metastasis,and survival.Necrosis of retropharyngeal lymph nodes in NPC is significantly correlated with local recurrence and distant metastasis after IMRT.

Objective To investigate the pathogen and inspection methods of the middle-aged women with constipation and evaluate the accuracy and clinical application of imaging to constipation.Methods First colonic transit test were used to 98 cases of middle-aged women who were diagnosed constipation by doctors,then air-barium double contrast examination were applied.Defecation radiography or simulation rectum defecography were used to those who were diagnosed as outlet obstruction.According to the measure target and diagnostic criteria of professor LU,the results were studied.Results 6 cases were abnormal within 8 cases who were inspected by barium enema.14cases were abnormal within 16 cases who were inspected by defecation radiography.Colonic transit test were used to 74 cases and only 6 cases were normal.16 cases were true slow transmission and 20 cases were false slow transmission.52 cases were outlet obstruction.20 volunteers were inspected by suspension barium sulfate and simulation rectum defecography.Conclusions Air-bariun double contrast examination could discover the organic disease and abnormal of rectum.colonic transit test,defecation radiography and simulation rectum defecography were simply and perfect methods to discover the pathogen of constipation.

Objective To investigate whether HBx alone is sufficient to directly transform the nontransformed immortalized human liver cell line QSG7701 and induce hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo,and to explore preliminarily the pathogenic mechanism of transplantation tumor in nude mice.Methods The pCMVX/QSG7701 cells were vaccinated into subcutaneous tissue of nude mice.The pRcCMV2/QSG7701 and QSG7701 Cells were used as control.At the fifth weeks after vaccination,the nude mice were killed to observe whether a tumor was formed.The activity state and food intake of the nude mice was recorded.The texture,volume,and metastasis of transplantation tumor were observed grossly.The transplantation tumor was observed microscopically on the hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining section.Immunohistochemical surfactant protein (SP) method was used to analyze the protein expression of mutant p53 and C-Myc genes.Results The transplantation tumor was occurred in all of the six nude mice vaccinated with pCMVX/QSG7701 cells at the second week after vaccination.No metastatic tumor was found in other organs.Transplanted tumor was not formed in all of the negative control groups.HE staining analysis confirmed that the character of transplanted tumor was hepatocellular carcinoma.p53 and C-Myc proteins were expressed in pCMVX/QSG7701,pRcCMV2/QSG7701,and QSG7701 cells,and their expression levels in the pCMVX/QSG7701 cells were significantly higher than those in the pRcCMV2/QSG7701 and QSG7701 cells,respectively(P ＜0.01).Conclusions HBx alone is sufficient to directly transform the non-transformed immortalized human liver cell line QSG7701 and induce hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo through up-regulating the expression of mutant p53 and C-Myc genes.

Platelet -derived growth factor (PDGF)is an important factor of promoting cell growth which has a physiological role ranging from DNA synthesis,cell mitosis inducement,promotion on a variety of extracellular matrix accumulation as well as impact on the cell phenotype and growth.Studies showed that PDGF played an important role in growth and proliferation of vascular and nerve.It has a significant effect on accelerating tissue repair and promoting healing of chronic diabetic foot ulcers.

Objective Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a heart disease that excludes coronary heart disease,hypertensive heart disease and other heart diseases,and patients with diabetes mellitus prone to cardiac structural and functional changes.Echocardiography is often the first choice of examination methods,and nuclear magnetic resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging is a new method to observe the changes of myocardial fibrosis and myocardial metabolism.In the treatment,need to a variety of methods to intervene,such as blood glucose control,using statin lipid -lowering drugs,angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor,angiotensin receptor blocking agent,beta blockers,antioxidants,and traditional Chinese medicine etc.