Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a member of cytokine superfamily.Recent studies reveal that the abnormality of TGF-β1 and its receptors is strongly related to genesis,progression and prognosis of lung cancer.It plays an important role in early diagnosis,stage and assessment of treatment and prognosis of lung cancer.

General practitioners from community health service institutions in Shijingshan,Mentougou,Haidian,Chaoyang,Fengtai and Dongcheng Districts of Beijing were selected to take the examination of chronic wounds management.Questionnaire survey was also performed on the status of community chronic wounds management,medical service motivation,influencing factors and their demand for training.Among 204 general practitioners,55 (27.0％) had mastered basic knowledge,98 (48.0％) passed the examination and 51 (25.0％) failed.The results showed that 179 (87.7％) had changing dressing service,36.8％ offered out-patient consulting service,17.6％ performed surgical debridement,only 10 (4.9％) provided home chronic wounds care service and 2 (0.9％) of them carried out long-term follow-up.According to the motivation survey,all the practitioners expressed the willingness to help the patients and win their trust.Most of the practitioners claimed no supporting from their institutions(91.7％) and chronic wounds management was excluded from daily routine.Furthermore,heavy work load(82.8％) and lack of professional knowledge(80.9％)were also considered to be main obstructive factors.The survey showed that the majority of physicians required classroom teaching (90.1％),case analysis (86.8％),operating video (92.6％) and other teaching forms.More low level doctors(97.1％)had the desire to pursue further specialist training than higher level physicians (56.7％).The results of our investigation indicate that general practitioners in community heath service institutions have strong learning motivation for chronic wounds management and systematic training of knowledge and practical skills in this field should be provided.

[Objective]To assess whether calcitonin exerts an chondroprotective action in unstable knees which induce experimental osteoarthritis and its effect to MMP-1.[Method]Twenty 6-month New Zealand rabbits underwent anterior cruciate ligament transaction(ACLT) and were divided into two groups (ACLT group and ACLT+CT group) randomly after transaction on day 7 postsurgery. ACLT+CT group rabbits received a daily subcutaneous injection of salmon calcitonin at a dose of 5 IU per kg of body weight for six weeks.ACLT group were treated with the normal saline at the same dose. All animals were sacrificed 7 weeks postsurgery. The articular cartilage degeneration of medial femoral condyle was evaluated at mascroscopically and microscopically. The mRNA expression and tissue level of MMP 1 was detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.[Result]Cartilage degradation in ACLT group was significantly more severe than that in ACLT+CT group both in microscopic grading scale and in Mankin's grading scale (P

[Summary] With an increasing higher failure rate from 50%to 70%after simple sutured surgery for rotator cuff tears , scholars have put forward the patch augmented biomechanics for healing massive tears .Research hotspots lie in the material structural and physiological properties .There are two types of rotator cuff patches , which are synthetic materials ( non-degradable and degradable type ) and biological rotator cuff patch ( autologous or allogeneic tissue , xenogeneic material ) .The synthetic materials rotator cuff patch is able to provide powerful biomechanics but has severe immune rejection , and the biomaterials patch provides excellent histological reconstruction in rotator cuff and accurate regulation of biological activity of metabolic degradation but lower biomechanical maximum tensile strength .This article reviewed the current common problems and progress in the application of the rotator cuff patches .

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Xiaosuanzao decoction on spontaneous motion and sleep time in mice, and to study its disassembled formulation. METHODS:Seven ingredients of Xiaosuanzao decoction were selected as the influential factors, including Ziziphus jujuba, Poria cocos, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Zingiber officinale and Cortex cinnamoni. Two levels of with or without were designed for each factor,and the experiment was ar-ranged according to L8(27) orthogonal test table. The effects of Xiaosuanzao decoction and each ingredient on spontaneous motion within 2 min and sleep time induced by superthreshold dosage of pentobarbital sodium were compared by visual analysis method and analysis of variance. RESULTS:Z. jujube and A. asphodeloides were the main active ingredients of Xiaosuanzao decoction on spontaneous motion;Z. jujube was the main active ingredient of Xiaosuanzao decoction on sleep time induced by superthreshold dosage of pentobarbital sodium. CONCLUSIONS:Xiaosuanzao decoction can inhibit spontaneous motion and prolong sleep time in-duced by superthreshold dosage of pentobarbital sodium,and Z. jujube is the main ingredient of Xiaosuanzao decoction.

Objective To understand the status and related influencing factors of critical thinking of medical students, so as to provide recommendations for the training methods of critical thinking of medical students. Methods A total of 380 medical students in third and fourth grade of a medical university were investigated by using the California Critical Thinking Tendency Questionnaire and stratified random sam-pling method. 356 valid questionnaires were recovered. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis, including t-test, analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analysis and other methods. Results The Cronbach'sαcoefficient of the scale was 0.728, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 68.43%. The average score of positive critical thinking ability of medical students was 196.02, showing that they had positive thinking ability. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the degree of extracurricular read-ing, whether there was a part-time job, and the students' self-study time per week had positive correlation with the critical thinking of medical students (P<0.05). Conclusion The critical thinking ability of medical students needs to be improved and the factors of critical thinking need to be further studied, and the research and practice of cultivating medical students' critical thinking ability must be deepened.

Lung cancer, with growing morbidity and mortality worldwide, is one of the most malignant tumors, representing a significant threat to human health and life.The application of next-generation genomic technologies has offered a more comprehensive look at the mutational landscape across the different subtypes of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).A number of recurrent mutations such as TP53, KRAS, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been identified in NSCLC.While targeted therapeutic successes have been demonstrated in the therapeutic targeting of EGFR and ALK, the majority of NSCLC tumors do not harbor these genomic events.This review looks at the current treatment paradigms for lung adenocarcinomas (LAC) and squamous cell carcinomas, examining genomic aberrations that dictate therapy selection, as well as novel therapeutic strategies for tumors harboring mutations in KRAS and TP53 which, to date, have been considered undruggable.A more thorough understanding of the molecular alterations that govern NSCLC tumorigenesis, aided by next-generation sequencing, will lead to targeted therapeutic options expected to dramatically reduce the high mortality observed in lung cancer.

Objective To investigate the assessments from family member and nurse for nursing care needs of critical patients based on the Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Methods Questionnaires regarding nursing care needs of critical patients were designed according to the Maslow′s hierarchy of needs; these questionnaires were performed to family members and nurses, and the results were analyzed. Results There was difference regarding the order of various needs of critical patients between family members and nurses; compared to nurse, family members had significantly higher scores on love and belongingness need [(4.08±0.72) points vs. (3.44±0.63) points, t=5.61, P<0.01], and had obviously lower scores on safety needs [(3.71±0.62) points vs. (3.92±0.69) points, t=2.18, P<0.05]. Conclusions The asymmetry in assessments from family member and nurse for nursing care needs of critical patients exist objectively;during clinical nursing, communication with family members should enhance and provide humanized services and management measures should be adopted to improve family members′satisfaction towards nursing service.

Objective Obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) characterized by hyperglycemia are li-able to more severe myocardial infarction .Semen Cassiae is proved to reduce serum lipid level .This study was to investigate whether the Semen Cassiae extract (SCE) reduces myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (MI/R) injury with or without diabetes and the underlying mechanisms .Methods The high-fat diet-fed streptozotocin ( HFD-STZ) rat model was used as T2DM model.Normal and DM rats received SCE treatment orally (10 mg/kg/day) for 1 week.Subsequently these animals were subjected to MI /R.Results Compared with the normal animals , DM rats showed increased plasma total cholesterol ( TC) and triacylglycerol ( TG) , more severe MI/R injury and cardi-ac functional impairment .SCE treatment significantly reduced the plasma TC and TG , improved the instantaneous first derivation of left ventricle pressure and reduced infarct size , decreased plasma creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels, and reduced apoptosis index at the end of reperfusion in diabetic rats .Moreover, SCE treat-ment increased the antiapoptotic protein Akt and stimulated ERK 1/2 phosphorylation .Pretreatment with a PI3 K in-hibitor wortmannin or an ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 not only blocked Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but also inhibited the cardioprotective effects of SCE .However , SCE treatment did not show any effects on the MI/R injury in the normal rats.Conclusions SCE effectively improves myocardial function and reduces MI/R-induced injury in diabetic but not normal animals , which is potentially attributable to the reduced TC/TG levels and the triggered cell survival signaling Akt and ERK 1/2 .

Objective To investigate the altered glycotransferases and glycan profile in HCV-infected cells, the expression levels of 35 kinds of sialyltransferases and galactosyltransferases were evaluated in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected Huh7.5.1 cell cultured model.Methods Western blot was used to measure the expressions of HCV-nonstructural protein NS3 and and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to determine HCV-RNA levels and mRNA levels of 35 kinds of sialyltransferases and galactosyltransferases.Lectin microarray was used to compare the glycan profiles of sialyltransferases-and galactosyltransferases-associated glycan-profile in Huh7.5.1 cells and HCV infected Huh7.5.1 cells.Results Among the 35 kinds of sialyltransferases and galactosyltransferases, the mRNA levels of four sialyltransferases (including ST3Gal Ⅲ, ST6GalNAC Ⅲ, ST8Sia Ⅲ and ST8SiaⅣ) and five galactosyltransferases (including B3GALT1, B3GALT 2, B3GALT3, B3GALT4 and B4GALNT2) were found to be 11-45 fold higher in HCV-infected cells compared with naive Huh7.5.1 cells.The up-regulated level of B3GALT 1 was the most evident (45-fold change), followed by ST8Sia Ⅳ and ST8Sia Ⅲ, with 39-and 37-fold respectively.Consistently, lectin microarray showed that glycans recognized by EBL (binding terminal sialic acid, Neu5Acα6Gal, 1.97-fold change), ECA letin (binding terminal galactose, Galβ1,4GalNAc,4.3-fold change), and ACA(binding terminal galactose, Galβ1-3GalNAc, 3-fold change) were elevated in glycoprotein products of sialyltransferase and galactosyltransferase respectively.Conclusion HCV infection causes the increased expression levels of mutiple sialyltransferases and galactosyltransferases in Huh7.5.1 cell line and hence the upregulation of glycan profiles of the glycoproteins.These results provide potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for HCV infection and insights on the molecular mechanism of HCV infection.