Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the major pathogens that cause hand foot and mouth disease.Epidemics and pandemics have been periodically reported worldwide.EV71 also can cause serous complications and lead death in children.The mechanisms of EV71 cause serious complications has remained unclear,may relate to many factors,including cell tropism,cell death and host immune responses.This article reviews the recent advances in the identification of factors determining EV71 cell tropism,the associated mechanisms of viral infection-induced cell death and the interplay between EV71 and immunity.

Objective To study the high-frequency ultrasound features of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and pathological features.Methods The ultrasonic diagnostic features of 89 cases of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma were analyzed retrospectively,and the ultrasound results and pathological results were compared.Results In this study,high frequency ultrasound examination showed that the thyroid ultrasound diagnosis coincidence rate of papillary microcarcinoma was 94.4％.Patients mainly concentrated in 40 ～ 59 years,8 cases of type Ⅰ blood flow,16 cases of type Ⅱ blood flow,65 cases of Ⅲ blood flow,83 cases of L/T (aspect ratio).Conclusion The different pathological features of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma accompanied with the different ultrasound images.Doppler high frequency ultrasound in the identification and diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma is accurate,convenient operation,and low cost,which is worthy of clinical application.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been increasingly used in the treatment of early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Different from conventional radiotherapy,SBRT is characterized by the delivery of high-dose radiation in 1 to 5 fractions with a high degree of precision and steep dose gradients that minimize the dose to normal tissues,and image guidance technology,image fusion technology and respiratory gating system make the therapy more accurate.SBRT delivers higher biological equralent dose (BED) than conventional radiotherapy.The latest small sample data have suggested outcomes for SBRT patients that superior to the success rate of surgery,and the evidence for SBRT over conventional radiotherapy has resulted in a major change in the standard of care for inoperable NSCLC patients.

The pattern/symptom differentiation system in acupuncture treatment is lack of the unique characteristics and advantages in theory and clinical practice and it just rigidly adopts the methods of pattern/symptom differentiation of the other disciplines in TCM. In fact, it is necessary to have the unique and more practical theoretic system to guide acupuncture treatment. According to the characteristics of acupuncture in diagnosis and treatment, the acupoints selection based on "disease-symptom-location" combination becomes the law of acupuncture treatment. The acupoints selection based on "disease-symptom-location" combination is the expression to concretize the diagnosis and treatment of disease under the guidance of pattern/syndrome differentiation. Both of them are originated from the general principles of TCM and for the particular disciplines of TCM. The acupoints selection based on "disease-symptom-location" combination benefits the promotion and application of acupuncture.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Meridians

?Objective: To examine the morphologic changes produced by extranueral injection of methylene blue around rat infraorbital nerve. Methods: Under direct vision, 50 ?l of methylene blue at the concentration of 20 g/L was injected extranuerally into the infraorbital foramen on one side of the maxillar bone of each of 32 rats; physiological saline was used as the control on the contralateral side of each animal. Animals were killed at 3 days, 2, 4, 8 and 14 weeks after the application of methylene blue respectively. The infraorbital nerve specimens were examined by light and electron microscopes. Results:Axolysis and demyelination were found in the outer zone of the nerve bundles, and a few of centrally located axons were damaged in 2 and 3 weeks. 4 weeks later,a few of regenerated fibers were observed. Wallerian degeneration still remained and more regenerated fibers were found in 14 weeks. The sheath of myelinated fibers became twisted, thick and dissolved. The axonal changes characterized by either swelling, shrinking or vacuolization of axoplasm. Lysosome could be seen in the axons. The changes of myelinated fibers were more evident than that of demyelinated fibers. At the later stage, the regularly regenerated fibers with thin sheath could be seen. No change was observed in the Schwann cells. Conclusion: 20 g/L methylene blue can result in the changes of the sheath and axons of nerve fibers

In the light of developing trend and reality of domestic pharmaceutical supervision and management we propose the guidance of drug market, using the scientific method, making supervision as center, taking emphasis on basic units, strengthening in vertical section, popularizing in horizontal section, expanding scale etc as guiding thoughts. In order to strengthen the basic pharmaceutical supervision and management the suggestion of ten kinds of strategic changes must be realized.

Hospital culture is the kind that deals with and coordinates the 3-dimensional relationships among man,nature and society with medico-patient relationship as the background,the hospital body as the carrier,the science and technique of medicine as the cultural faith.It is a cultural entity and theoretical system guided by the practice of revolutionary humanism.Its frame structure and network of doctrines cover and crisscross many branches of science,rich in special cultural characteristics.It is of a philosophi- cal base interlaced with the subject and object.It is a concerted structure with identity and difference ex- isting side by side.It is an integral posture with the unification of singularity and multiplicity.

The heterospecies hybrid cells(HL-N)from the fusion of human promyelocy-tic leukemia mutant cells(HL-60-AR)and mouse bone marrow nucleated red cellswere established in HAT selective medium.Malignant phenotype comparative analy-sis between parental tumor cells and hybrid cells showed that growth ability ofhybrid cells was decreased.The hybrid cells reduced their DNA synthesis rate andlost the ability of colony-forming in 0.3% soft agar medium.The cells lost tumor-producing ability when they were transplanted into nude mice also.Inhibition orreduction of c-myc oncogene expression was demonstrated by Northern molecularhybridization techniques.The ultrastructure of hybrid cells were also different fromtheir parental cells.These results mentioned above showed that the mouse bone mar-row nucleated red cells might provide some peculiar factors(both nuclear factorsand cytoplasmic factors)to inhibit the expression of HL-60-AR cell malignant phe-notypes.