Objective To establish HPLC method for fast, effective, simultaneous determination of Vancomycin and Norvancomycin in serum. Methods The separation was achieved on the Hypersil ODS2(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm)with methanol-acetonitrile-a mixture of potassium phosphate (9.5:2.5:88) as the mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.The UV detecting wavelength was 280 nm.The temperature of the column was 35 ℃. Vancomycin and Norvancomycin were used as the internal standard for each other .Results Vancomycin and Norvancomycin blood concentration were in well linearity in the range of 1.25-100μg/mL,R2 =0.9996.The average method recovery rate of three concentrations were 96.88%,99.50%,105.01%respectively, the average method recovery rate of three concentrations were 94.40%,103.90,103.81%respectively, the intra-day and inter-day RSD were less than 5%.Conclusion The HPLC method is proved to be simple,sensitive, accurate and precise in which little blood sample is taken, thus it is suitable for the therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM) and pharmacokinetic study of Vancomycin and Norvancomycin.

The incidence of gastric carcinoma is increasing and lymphatic metastasis is one of the major causes of death.Vascular endothelial growth factor-C(VEGF-C),Vascular endothelial growth factor D(VEGF-D)linking their receptor(VEGFR-3)can increase lymphangiogenesis,advance lymphatic metastasis,and relate to lymphatic vessel density of tumor.More and more studies of lymphatic vessel of gastric carcinoma cause great attention.We summarizeed the mechanism of lymphangiogenesis,the new development of relationship between lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic vessel density and their clinical significance.

AIM: To study the expressions and clinical significance of PDCD4 and B7-H4 in optic gliomas in children.
METHODS:We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expressions of PDCD4 and B7-H4 in specimens from 52 optic gliomas in children cases, and analyzed the correlation of PDCD4 and B7 - H4 expression with clinicopathological factors children optic gliomas.
RESULTS: PDCD4 expression reduced in optic glioma tissue:PDCD4 expression rate in 52 cases of optic glioma tissues decreasing was correlated with tumor malignancy increase (P<0. 01); B7-H4 positive expression increased in optic glioma tissue: B7-H4 expression rate in 52 cases of optic glioma tissues increasing was correlated with tumor malignancy increase (P<0. 01); PDCD4 expression was negatively correlated with B7-H4 expression in optic gliomas (P<0. 01).
CONCLUSION: Expressions of PDCD4 and B7-H4 may be clinically relevant to tumor malignancy of optic gliomas in children and prevention of metastasis and prediction of prognosis.

To realize long-term long distance space exploring flight,the bioregenerative life support system has to be applied.Producing animal protein in this system could increase its closure ability and stability.In this paper,researches and developments on the animal protein production in the bioregenerative life support system from various countries including our research results were introduced in detail through information analyses.The prospects in the future studies were also predicted.It has important references for our country to carry out related investigations.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the further improvement of national essential medicines system. METHODS:Taking theBull's-eyecity Chengdu as an example,based on the trading areas,the existing problems in implementing essential medicine system were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative research methods,and countermeasures were put forward. RESULTS:From the point of view of quantitative data,the first level trading areas of both proportions of medical personnel per thousand ur-ban population and numbers of primary medical and health institutions per 100 thousands population in Chengdu were the lowest. From 2010 to 2012,the outpatient and inpatients increased 1.09 million people and 0.16 million beds per day in Chengdu primary health care institutions,the largest increase in the first level trading areas,and increase and decrease in the second and third level trading areas;outpatient and inpatient drug costs fell respectively 4 yuan and 109 yuan,medicine proportion declined 6.7%,in-crease in the first level trading areas,and decreased to varying degrees in the second and third level trading areas. From the point of view of qualitative interviews,the service ability got enhancement,but still could not meet the services demand,especially the pressure in the first level trading areas near center district remains heavy;drug cost was under controlled,but the subsidies needs to be increased,the per capita drug costs in the first level trading areas remains high;the drug income and medicine proportion were inhibited,especially the significant fell in the second and third level area,but the decrease of income may restrict develop-ment. CONCLUSIONS:It is suggested that more targeted drugs are needed for meeting the services demand,more sophisticated policy are needed for improving the subsidies,and more comprehensive medical conditions are needed for ensuring institutions'de-velopment.

Objective To compare the value for predicting prognosis between ENETS and AJCC TNM staging system in G-NEC patients.Methods Clinical data of 28 G-NEC cases from January 2005 to September 2015 in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital were analyzed and follow-up data were staged by he ENETS and AJCC TNM staging system.The survival curves were drawn using Kaplan-Meier method.Univariate analysis was performed by Log-rank test.Results Evaluated by ENETS TNM staging system on these 28 G-NEC patients,5 cases (18％) were classified at stage Ⅱ,20 cases (71％) were at stage Ⅲ,3 cases (11％) at stage Ⅳ,and significant difference in survival time was found between the three stages (P ＜ 0.05).By the AJCC TNM staging system,1 case (4％) was classified at stage Ⅱ,24 cases (86％) were at stage Ⅲ,and 3 cases (11％) at stage Ⅳ,and significant difference in survival time was found between three stages.Conclusions AJCC TNM staging system is more valuable for predicting prognosis of G-NEC,while the ENETS TNM staging system is more accurate in evaluating G-NEC biologic behavior.

Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; standards ; Reference Standards

Objects:To investigate the current situation of interpersonal communication inpreparatory students in one Xinjiang medical college from the exchanges between students.Methods:Using self-developed questionnaire,a survey was conducted among 200 preparatory students and depth interviews were conducted for typical cases.Results:Preppies showed a strong willing of interpersonal communication.In the process of students' interaction,some features were presented as followings:pure motives but dissimilarity,narrow range of interactions,lack of interaction ability and the single form of social activities.Conclusion:Based on the above current situation of interpersonal communication in preparatory students,it should enhance the language application ability of preparatory stage,change the idea and attach importance to the education of humanistic quality in preparatory education and train preppy's expression and listening art.

ObjectiveTo observe the protective effects of flunarizine（FZN） in retinal ischemic injury．MethodsFor the experimental group and the treated group in ischemic reperfusion different stages, the contents of lipid peroxide metabolim malondialdehyde （MDA） in rabbites’ retinal tissues were detected by using TBA．ResultsThe contents of MDA in the experimental and treated groups at 30 min，60 min and 90 min of reperfusion increased remarkably compared with that of the normal control group（P＜0.01)．The contents of MDA in the treated group at 30 min，60 min and 90 min of reperfusion were much lower than that of MDA in the experimental group at 30 min，60 min and 90 min of reperfusion respectively（P＜0.01）．ConclusionIntracellular calcium overload may be involved in pathophysiologic process of retinal ischemic injury．Flunarizine has the protective effects in retinal ischemic injury.