Objective To explore the effects of fentanyl on expression of δ receptor and β-arrestin 1 in locus ceruleus of chronic morphinetolerant rats. Methods 40 male SD rats were randomly allocated to 5 groups with 8 cases in each group. Group NS received only normalsaline 1 ml/kg twice; Group M received morphine 10 mg/kg followed by normal saline 1 ml/kg; Groups MF1, MF2 and MF3 receivedmorphine 10 mg/kg followed by fentanyl 3, 6, 12 μg/kg respectively. All animals were killed on the 9th day after measurement of painthreshold. Locus ceruleus was removed for determination of the expression of mRNA (RT-PCR) and protein (Western blotting) of δ receptorand β-arrestin 1. Results The expression of δ receptor and β-arrestin 1 was significantly decreased in Group M than in Group NS (P<0.01).There was no significant difference in the expression of δ receptor mRNA and protein in Groups MF1, MF2 and MF3, and Group M (P>0.05).The expression of β-arrestin 1 mRNA and protein in Groups MF2 and MF3 significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion Fentayl with thedose of 6 and 12 μg/kg can dose-dependently increase the expression of β-arrestin 1 but δ receptor in locus ceruleus of chronic morphine tolerantrats.

Objective To analyze the influence of cochlear implant age, sexuality, and rehabilitation time on tone recognition ability.Methods 272 hearing-impaired children aged 2~6 years old with cochlear implants were enrolled in the study. By three factors mixed design,the sexuality, age and rehabilitation time of the children (independent variable) and the tone recognition rate (dependent variable) wereanalyzed. Results The rehabilitation time and age had significantly main effect in tone recognition rate (P<0.001), but age (P>0.05). The interactionof rehabilitation time and age also had main effect (P<0.001). Conclusion Age and rehabilitation time are important factors fortone recognition ability. The younger the children are, the better the recognition ability is with the extension of rehabilitation time.

Objective:To establish the methods and standard for the evaluation of rational application of parenteral nutrition ( PN) in primary hospitals. Methods:Medical records with the use of fat emulsion, amino acids (17) and glucose (11%) injection were col-lected. The integrity of the medical records was analyzed, the compatibility of supplementary drugs was evaluated, and basal metabo-lism rate(BMR) was calculated for the relevant assessment. Results:Totally 66. 7% of the patients had incomplete basic parameters of nutritional risk assessment, the cases had different course of treatment but showed no significant difference in total usage of fat emul-sion, amino acids (17) and glucose (11%) injection,and the non-protein calories of fat emulsion, amino acids (17) and glucose (11%) injection accounted for 72. 1% of basal metabolism rate of an individual on average (S=8. 9). Supplementary usage of KCl accounted for 63. 0% of the cases, of which 70. 6% were overdosed;62. 9% of the cases used supplementary alanyl-glutamine with overdosage. Conclusion:In the PN application in our hospital, nutritional risk assessment is basically missed, and there is a great gap between the level of developing reasonable individual program and the requirements in guidelines. Clinical pharmacists should enhance the related monitoring and evaluation in PN application.

AIM To explain the variation of blood vessel factors on pulmonary hypertension(PH) induced by monocrotaline(MCT). METHODS Rats were given an injection of MCT ih(60 mg?kg -1 ). The concentration of endothe line(ET), nitric oxide(NO), thromboxane B 2(TXB 2) and 6 keto prostaglandin F 1? (6 keto PGF 1? ) were measured by radioimmunoassay and colorimetric analysis after the model had been set up successfully for 4 wk. RESULTS MCT either raised 6 keto PGF 1? and NO or prevented the progression of ET and TXB 2. CONCLUSION The mechanism of PH induced by MCT probably associated with the variation of those blood vessel factors.

Objective To study the relationship between acute myocardial infarction with the distribution of ABO blood type antigen in patients with diabetes.Methods 2 052 patients with diabetes were selected.All patients had blood type records.The patients were divided into A blood type group(n=625),B blood type group(n=548),AB blood type group(n=204),O blood type group(n=675).Records were analyzed for the incidence of acute myocardial infarction.Results (1)The incidence rate of acute myocardial infarction in the A blood type group was 9.44%,which in the B blood type group was 8.03%,whith in the AB blood type group was 6.86%,which in the O blood type group was 5.19%,there was significant difference among the four groups(χ2=9.02,P<0.05).(2)For patients with diabetes,the incidence rate of acute myocardial infarction in the A blood type group was 9.44%,which was significantly higher than 6.52% in the non-A blood type group,the difference was statistically significant(χ2=5.41,P<0.05).(3)For patients with diabetes,the incidence rate of acute myocardial infarction in the non-O blood type group was 8.50%,which was significantly higher than 5.19% in the O blood type group,the difference was statistically significant(χ2=7.24,P<0.05).Conclusion There is a correlation between acute myocardial infarction with ABO blood type in patients with diabetes.For patients with diabetes,the patients with A blood type develop acute myocardial infarction more often than patients with non-A blood type,patients with blood type non-O develop acute myocardial infarction more often than patients with blood type O.

One of the biggest differences between ordinary undergraduate education and higher vocational education is more emphasis on the cultivation of students' vocational skills so as to adapt to so-cial demand and employment. In order to overcome the deficiencies in current teaching outline of voca-tional education and to change from subject knowledge teaching to applied skill cultivating , medical and health curriculum standard including 'curriculum philosophy, curriculum goal, curriculum content, curriculum implementation' four elements was formulated based on concepts of 'education as base , practice orientation and lifelong learning' and cultivation mode combining industry standard with cur-riculum teaching goal and combing work with study. All measures taken above were aimed at promoting coordinated development of students' knowledge, ability and emotion and satisfying the social demand for talent.

Objective:To compare therapeutic effect and safety between atorvastatin and simvastatin treating angina pectoris of coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods:A total of 150 patients with chronic stable angina pectoris (SAP)of CHD were selected and randomly and equally divided into atorvastatin group and simvastatin group accord-ing to number table method.Changes of angina pectoris attack frequency,duration,degree of pain,nitroglycerin dosage and blood lipids were compared between two groups before and after treatment.All patients were followed up six months.Results:Compared with before treatment,there were significant reductions in angina pectoris attack frequency,duration,pain degree and nitroglycerin dosage after treatment 12 weeks in two groups,P<0.05 all;but there were no significant difference in above indexes between two groups before and after treatment (P>0.05 all). Compared with before treatment,there were significant reductions in serum levels of total cholesterol [ (5.62 ± 0.54)mmol/L vs.(3.68±0.41)mmol/L,(5.78±0.56)mmol/L vs.(3.33±0.43)mmol/L],triglyceride [(2.30 ±0.42)mmol/L vs.(1.62±0.34)mmol/L,(2.35±0.41)mmol/L vs.(1.68±0.69)mmol/L]and low density lipoprotein cholesterol [(3.56±1.22)mmol/L vs.(2.76±0.83)mmol/L,(3.48±1.21)mmol/L vs.(2.43± 0.72)mmol/L],and significant increase in level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol [(1.32±0.35)mmol/L vs. (1.58±0.34)mmol/L,(1.30±0.46)mmol/L vs.(1.60±0.45)mmol/L]in atorvastatin group and simvastatin group after treatment (P<0.05 all),but there were no significant difference in blood lipid levels between two groups after treatment (P>0.05);there was no significant difference in incidence rate of cardiovascular events (28.00% vs.25.33%,P>0.05)between two groups during follow-up.Conclusion:Both atorvastatin and simvasta-tin can effectively regulate the state of high blood lipid,and possess good effect and safety for angina pectoris of coronary heart disease.

Ischemic cerebrovascular disease accounts for about 70％ of all types of stroke,and large vessel occlusive stroke is a major subtype of ischemic stroke.Currently,endovascular revascularization has been widely used in the treatment of large vessel occlusive stroke.The development of multi-modal neuroimaging has provided technical support to this.This article reviews the roles of neuroimaging in endovascular recanalization in patients with ischemic stroke.

20 patients with myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome(MPDS)were were treated by NTI-tss splint only during night for 2 months.After treatment,VAS decreased(P <0.01)and active maximum mouth opening degree increased(P <0.01).NTI-tss splint is ef-fective in the treatment of MPDS.Its side effect needs to be further observed.

Neovascularization is the fundamental process during tumorigenesis and tumor malignant progression. According the traditional neovascularization theory, tumor vasculatures are mainly developed through angiogenesis by sprouting from preexisting ves-sels and vasculogenesis via recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells from the bone marrow, and the endothelial-dependant vessels are the only way that provides tumor with blood. However, more and more studies indicate that tumor microcirculation network is heteroge-neous and cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role during tumor neovascularization. This review highlights the contribution of CSCs to tumor microcirculation modes and the potential anti-angiogenesis targets. Furthermore, this review presents insights for perti-nent studies in the future.