Objective]The paper summarizes the clinical experience of Professor Lu Su for treating menopausal syndrome.[Methods] By learning from Professor Lu Su, sum up the knowledge of etiology and pathogenesis, treatment characteristics and analyze cases. [Results]Professor Lu Su thought that the main etiological and pathogenesis of menopausal syndrome was that deficiency of the kidney-yin and hyperactivity of heart and liver fire. The kidney water cannot aid heart, the occurrence of heart(including liver) fire too strong, the heart is not calm, leading to hot flashes sweating, upset insomnia and other symptoms of menopausal syndrome. Therefore, she made a total therapeutic principle of invigoration of the kidney and nourishment of Yin, purging heart fire and soothing the nerves. Besides, the article introduces prescribing characteristics of other lesions relating to menopausal syndrome, such as blood stasis, phlegm, yang deficiency and disharmony between spleen and stomach. In treatment, Lu Su is good at syndrome differentiation and treatment, prescribing refinedly and simply, combining medication with psychotherapy. [Conclusion]Therapies of Professor Lu Su on treating menopausal syndrome have significant effect.

The use of literature novelty assessment reports in medical researchers of Guizhou Province and its in-fluencing factors were investigated with questionnaires combined with interview, and measures were put forward for improving the use and level of literature novelty assessment reports, and service for scientific research.

Optical imaging technology of ocular fundus,including fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA),optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF),is growing at an unprecedented speed and scale and is integrating into the routine clinical management of ocular fundus diseases,such as diagnosis,treatment,and mechanism study.While FFA allow us to observe the retinal and choroidal blood circulation,OCT and FAF are non-invasive,fast and quantifiable measurement; such techniques show even more unique advantages and are favored tools.All these retinal imaging technologies,together with a variety of retinal function assessments,bring us into the era of big data of ocular fundus diseases.All of these developments are the challenges and opportunities for the operator and user of these fundus optics imaging technologies.In order to improve its clinical applications and allocate resources rationally,we need to understand the optical properties of these retinal imaging technologies,and standardize diagnosis behavior.This is a continuous learning process needs to continue to explore.

Objective To investigate the effects of FTY720 on retinal photoreceptor cells and microglial following light-induced degeneration in rat retina.Methods 120 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups including FTY720 group,solvent control group,model group and normal group.The rats of normal group were not intervened.The FTY720 group,solvent control group and model group establish retinal light injury mode.FTY720 was injected into abdominal cavity of the rats in FTY720 group 0.5 hours before light exposure.50％ dimethylsulfoxide was injected into abdominal cavity of the rats in solvent control group.The expressions of microglial cells in rat retinal were quantified using flow cytometry,the expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β were examined by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay at 6 hours,1 day,3 days,7 days after light exposure.The apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells were measured by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling at 1 day after light exposure.The morphological change of retinal were viewed by haematoxylin and eosin staining at 7 days after light exposure.Results The expressions of microgilal and IL-1β began to rise at 1 day after light exposure,reached at peak at 3 days and decreased at 7 days.The expressions of IL-1βand microglial in FTY720 group were significantly lower than solvent control group and model group,but higher than normal group (P＜0.05).One day after exposure to light,the apoptosis cell ratio in normal group,model group,solvent control group and FTY720 group were 0,(87.66 ± 2.50) ％,(86.00 ± 2.44) ％,(49.66 ± 2.80) ％.The apoptosis cell in FTY720 group were higher than normal group,lower than solvent control group and model group (P＜0.05).Seven days after exposure to light,the retinal in normal group was structured and the cell was arranged well,the cell in solvent control group and model group was irregular arrangement and the outer nuclear layer (ONL) was thin after light exposure.The thickness of the ONL in FTY720 group was significantly higher than solvent control group and model group,below normal group.Conclusion FTY720 can prevents retinal photoreceptor cells from apoptosis and inhibits activation of microglial.

Noonan syndrome(NS) is a congenital genetic disease characterized by distinctive facial features,short stature,chest deformity,congenital heart disease,and other comorbidities.This article reviewed the research history of NS,the clinical manifestations and their relationship with genotype,the diagnosis and treatment.

The elderly patients with diabetes often have a high prevalence of hypertension.Meanwhile,hypertension is a major vascular risk factor in this population.The benefit of proper management of hypertension in elderly patients with diabetes has been well recognized.According to the IDF Global Guideline for Managing Old People with Type 2 Diabetes,lifestyle interventions are recommended to form the first step in managing hypertension in elderly patients with diabetes.Pharmacological therapy should be initiated in addition to lifestyle interventions after 6 weeks during which non-pharmacological therapy has failed to achieve blood pressure targets.ACE-inhibitors are the first choice for initial medication,especially in the presence of diabetic nephropathy.ARBs can be used in people who cannot tolerate ACE-inhibitors.Diuretics or calcium channel blockers can be used as the first add-on therapy to ACE-inhibitors or ARBs if they fail to achieve target blood pressure.β-blockers should be considered for combination therapy in people with tachycardia or coronary artery disease.The generally recommended blood pressure target for older people with diabetes should be less than 140/90 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa).

Objective:To alarm the effect of statins on blood glucose, and provide evidence for the rational use of statins in clin-ics. Methods:The recent articles on the effects and potential mechanisms of diabetogenic action of statins were reviewed and summa-rized. Results and Conclusion:Stains, especially lipophilic stains, could increase blood glucose via multiple pathways to induce dia-betes. The potential mechanisms included inhibiting L-type calcium channel, increasing the uptake of plasma-derived LDL-C, inhibi-ting synthesis of ATP and Coenzyme Q10, inhibiting the expression of glucose transporter 4 and inducingβ-cell inflammation, oxidation and apoptosis. Blood glucose should be monitored and adjusted timely when statins are used in clinics.

Objective: Exploring the developmental vitial moments and process of career identity.Methods: A case subject was administered structured interview and tested by Career Identity and the Related Factors Questionnaire,Chinese Self-Efficacy Scale,QZPS and MBTI-G.Results: There were several vital moments in the process of career identity,such as the first time to think about career identity,and select a major,the first time to choose career and get employed,meet the organizational changes,find a new job again and get promotion.The present crisis of career identity reflected some unresolved problems of previous developmental periods.Conclusion: The individual's objective behavior toward career choice,decision-making,continuous exploration and efforts were of great benefit to career identity.

Binding sites or receptors for prolactin were identified in crude membrane fractions prepared from female lactating Sprague-Dawley rat using receptor radioassay. The results further indicated that the membrane of rat liver cells are rich in prolactin receptors, and the Scatchard analysis of the binding of ~(125)I-oPRL to receptors revealed that female rat liver cells contained two classes of prolactin receptors (Kd_1=3.20?10~(-10) M, Kd_2=1.26?10~(-8)M) with high specificity.

Objective To explore the function and significance of interleukin(IL)-25 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through testing its expression in the intestinal mucosal and serum of patients with IBD. Methods Intestinal or colonic mucosal biopsies of 12 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 16 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and 10 healthy controls were collected. The expression of IL-25 at mRNA level was detected by real-time PCR and the situ expression of IL-25 in intestinal mucosa was analyzed with immunohistochemistry. At same time,serum of 20 UC patients, 24 CD patients and 20 controls was collected, and IL-25 concentration in the serum was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with healthy controls, the expression of IL-25 at mRNA level in inflamed mucosa of CD and UC patients was significantly decreased (P＜0.05), no statistic difference between UC and CD groups (P＞0.05).The immunohistochemistry results indicated that more IL-25 positive cells in normal lamina propria,the expression of IL-25 in mucosal epithelia cells was low, the expression of IL-25 protein in the intestinal or colonic mucosa of UC and CD patients significantly decreased ( P ＜ 0.05), no statistic difference between UC and CD groups (P＞0. 05). ELISA results showed that the level of IL-25 in the serum of UC and CD groups was significantly lower than healthy controls (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The expression of IL-25 in the intestinal mucosa and serum of IBD patients was significantly decreased,which suggested that IL-25 expression defects may closely related to the pathogenesis of IBD. IL-25 may be a new target for the IBD treatment.