This article deals with the relationships between doctors and patients in the ethical and legal perspective.It emphasizes that doctors should envisage,solve and settle new problems even conflicts with patients.Meanwhile,it points out that in China's tradition of ethical standard,the harmony between doctors and patients could not copy the legal system of the West.Adoption of ethics and laws as well as social responsibilities could result in good relationships between doctors and patients which could improve the service of hospitals.

To introduction the biological function of vascular endothelial growth factor and to explore the role of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and in the pathogenesis of endotoxin,ischemia-reperfusion,hyperoxia,ventilator-induced lung injury(ALI)/acute respiratory distress(ARDS).

Objective To investigate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) on nocturnal polyuria in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS). Methods The number of nocturia, the nocturia output, the osmotic pressure of nocturia and the nocturia excretion of Na＋ . Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in night were measured in 8 patients. After treatment with CPAP, the patients were recorded or measured by those index again. Results The number of nocturia ， The nocturia output， The osmotic pressure of Na＋ ,and the plasma leels of NAP in night decreased significantly after tretment with CPAP.The osmotic pressure of nocturia rose significantly.The reduction of ANP corrected with the reduciton of the nocturia output,addition of the osmotic pressure of nocturia and the reduction of the nocturia exeretion of Na＋ .Conclusion CPAP can reduce the number of nocturia, the nocturia output and the nocturia excretion of Na＋ , increase the osmotic pressure of nocturia. The changes probably relate with the reduction of plasma level of ANP.

Objective To differentiate the sequences of Cyt b gene Agkistrodon from its adulterants sold in the market in order to provide molecular evidence for identification of Agkistrodon. Methods Cyt b gene was used to sequence and analyze Agkistrodon and its adulterants sold in the market. Results There was a mixed phenomenon in Agkistrodon species. The differences of Cyt b gene sequence between Agkistrodon and its adulterants sold in the market are significant: the difference rates among the species of Agkistrodon are 0%—0.91%, the difference rates between Agkistrodon and its adulterants are 18.57%—23.78%. Conclusion The characteristics of Cyt b gene sequence can be used as a better molecular marker for authenticating Agkistrodon from its adulterants.

This paper reports on the comparative susceptibility of A. dirus (Hainan strain) and A. stephensi (Hor strain) to the B strain of P. cynomolgi in paired feeding experi-ments. In the most susceptible infective period, the infection rate in midgut and salivary gland of the two species was over 90 %, the difference is not statistically significant.In relatively infective period, three experiments were performed, the infection rate in midgut of A. dirus was 24.4-60.4% with an average of 46.5% (53/114), and that of A. stephensi was 11.5-21.1% with an average of 14.2% (16/113). Statistically, experiment I showed no significant difference, the difference in experiment n was highly significant (P

Aim To observe the effect of ramipril on ischemia-reperfusion induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and expression of apoptosis-related genes.Method Male Wistar rats were subjected to 30 min of myocardial ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion.Rats were randomized to receive vehicle or ramipril(1 mg?kg~(-1)) orally 24 h before surgery.Myocardial infarct size was measured using the staining agent 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(TTC).Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was assessed using terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL) assay and confirmed with detection of DNA ladder formation.The expression of antiapoptotic gene(Bcl-2) and proapoptotic gene(Bax) was determined by immunohistochemistry.Results At the end of reperfusion,infarct size was reduced by ramipril.TUNEL assay and DNA-laddering study demonstrated that cardiomyocyte apoptosis was attenuated in ramipril-treated hearts,correlating with increased expression of Bcl-2 and ratio of Bcl-2/Bax.Conclusion Ramipril exerts cardioprotection by decreasing the ischemia-reperfusion induced necrosis and apoptosis of cardiomyocyte and increasing the expression of Bcl-2 and ratio of Bcl-2/Bax.

Microglia is the principal immune effector cell in brain. It plays some important roles in support, nutrition, protection, and repair in the physiological activities of neuron. Microglia can be quickly activated, which may proliferate after cerebral ischemia, and promote phagocytosis of macrophage. It exerts dual effects by producing neurotoxic molecules and neurotrophic factors. Therefore, to study the relationship between microglia and cerebral ischemia, give full play to its protective functions and reduce its damage will help to improve the therapeutic effects of cerebral ischemic injury.

Aim To establish the fatty liver animal model induced by high-fat diet.Observe the dynamic variety of the hepatic steatosis in the different time.Finding out the ideal animal model-making time of hyperlipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver.Methods 50 wistar rats were fed with high-fat diet.The serum TG,TC,HDL,LDL,AST,and ALT were detected from 2 to 6 weeks.At the same time,we analyzed the hepatic steatosis situation. Results The rats developed hyperlipidemia and slight fatty liver after two weeks.In the following weeks,the serum lipid level and liver index kept rising.So did the amount of steatosis cells in liver tissue.The 3～4 weeks animal model had developed moderate fatty liver and the 5～6 weeks animal model had developed serious fatty liver.Liver fibrosis was detected in the 6 weeks animal model.Conclusions Feeding with high-fat diet,different phases of fatty liver had been developed in six weeks,and could been used for correlative pharmacological test.

Objective To review the current status of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)techniques in the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis.Methods The application and recent advances of various kinds of MRI techniques in evaluating hepatic fibrosis were summarized by literature review.Results The state-of-the-art of MRI evaluating of hepatic fibrosis included common contrast-enhanced MRI,double contrast-enhanced MRI,and various functional MRI techniques.Common contrast-enhanced MRI could detect morphological changes of the liver,but little value in phasing.Double contrast-enhanced MRI markedly increased the contrast to noise ratio.Except diagnosis liver fibrosis,functional MRI also could phase it by its serverity.Conclusion MRI techniques,especially those functional MRI techniques,are advancing very fast and have very great potentiality in both the diagnosis and severity assessment of hepatic fibrosis.