Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been considered as frontline therapy for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) based on the increased rate of response and prolonged progression-free survival compared with conventional chemotherapy.In the recent years,the favorable results shown by newdrug-based multidrug inductions,consolidations,and long-term maintenance approaches have challenged the role of ASCT.Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has shown to be a potentially curative treatment for MM.However,the effectiveness of high-dose conditioning with conventional allo-HSCT is compromised by transplant-related mortality (TRM).Nonmyeloablative transplantation has showed reduced TRM and promising graft-versus-myeloma effects,but rates of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease remain high.This article provides an overview of clinical trials and aims to define the role of stem cell transplantation in the era of novel agents.

Objective To study the expression of Ephrin‐B4 receptor (EphB4) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its clinical significance ,and to analyze the effect of EphB4 on the proliferation of HCC cells .Methods The expression level of EphB4 in HCC tissues and matched paracancerous liver tissues of 60 cases of HCC patients was assessed by reverse transcriptase‐polymer‐ase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and immunohistochemistry .The correlation between the expression of EphB4 in HCC tissues and clin‐ical pathologic parameters was analyzed by chi‐square test .Univariate survival analysis was carried out by Kaplan‐Meier Log‐rank test .The effect of EphB4 on the viability of HCC cells was furtherly analyzed by MTS .Results The results of RT‐PCR showed that the mRNA level of EphB4 in HCC tissues (1 .39 ± 0 .80) was significantly higher than in matched paracancerous liver tissues (0 .56 ± 0 .33) ,the difference was statistically significant (P< 0 .01) .Data from immunohistochemistry showed that the positive rates of EphB4 protein in HCC tissues and matched paracancerous liver tissues were 81 .7% and 23 .3% ,respectively .Moreover ,the expression of EphB4 in HCC tissues was relevant to AFP level ,tumor size and TNM stage(P<0 .05) .The three‐year survival rate of HCC patients with positive expression of EphB4 protein was 22 .5% ,and that of HCC patients with negative expression of EphB4 protein was 54 .5% ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Overexpression of EphB4 significantly enhanced the ability of hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation (P<0 .05) .Conclusion EphB4 expression was significantly up‐regulated in HCC ,which was associated with HCC progression and prognosis ,and EphB4 could promote the proliferation of HCC cells ,which could be used as a marker of HCC progression .

The immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD) thalidomide and lenalidomide,and the proteasome inhibitor (PI) bortezomib have dramatically improved clinical outcomes for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma(MM).But a part of patients become refractory or intolerant to these agents.Numerous agents are currently in clinical development,including new IMiD (pomalidomide),new PI (eg,carfilzomib,MLN9708,and marizomib),histone deacetylase inhibitors (eg,panobinostat and vorinostat) and signal transduction modulators (eg,perifosine),and have demonstrated promising anti-myeloma activity in patients with relapsed/refractory MM,particularly in those who are refractory to approved novel agents.This article describes antimyeloma agents currently available or in clinical development for relapsed/refractory patients.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of time management disposition and academic self-efficacy on learning engagement among nursing baccalaureate degree students,and to establish a model of this influence. MethodsLearning engagement scale,the questionnaire of academic self-efficiency,and adolescence time management disposition scale were used to investigate a total of 467 nursing baccalaureate degree students. ResultsThe total score of learning engagement was (52.83±10.45).There were differences in learning among students in different grades and leaning motives,while the interaction of them was not difference in learning engagement.Both academic self-efficacy and time management disposition could positively influence learning engagement directly,and time management disposition could also indirectly influence learning engagement through the academic self-efficacy. ConclusionsThe educators should make efforts to improve time management ability and self-efficacy so as to strengthen the nursing baccalaureate degree students' learning engagement in colleges.

Objective:To explore the relationship among child neglect,resilience and loneliness.Methods:Child Neglect Scale,Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents,and UCLA Loneliness Scale were used to investigate 225 junior middle school students.Results:① Regression analysis showed that Child neglect degree positively predicted their loneliness (?=0.614,P

Objective:To study the synergy inhibition effects of Oxymatrine combine with 5-FU on proliferation and apoptosis of SGC7901 human gastric cancer cells and its mechanism. Methods:SGC7901 cells were treated by different concentrations of Oxymatrine with or without 10. 0 mg/L 5-FU for 24,48 and 72 h. The cells proliferative vitality was detected by MTT assay,and the ap-optosis of SGC7901 cells was detected by HOECHST stain. Immunohistochemistry was applied to examine the protein expression of VEGF. The transcriptions of VEGF mRNA were distinguished by RT-PCR technique. Results:Compared with control group,middle dose and high dose concentration of Oxymatrine groups,and groups of its combined with 5-FU can inhibit the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of SGC7901 cancer cells. Compared with 5-FU group, the inhibition rate and apoptosis rate were significantly increased in groups of Oxymatrine combined with 5-FU. The mRNA and protein expression of VEGF were significantly decreased in groups of Oxymatrine and it combined with 5-FU. Conclusion:Synergy inhibition effects of Oxymatrine combine with 5-FU on proliferation and apoptosis of SGC7901 human gastric cancer cells were found,which may be related to strengthen the effects of Oxymatrine of inhibiting angiogenesis relate with down-regulating the expression of VEGF.

Objective To investigate the effect of Icariin ( ICA) experimental IgA nephropathy in rats and to explore related mechanisms .Methods Experimental IgA nephropathy rat model was established and then model rat were treated with or without different doses of ICA .Then, urine RBC, Urine protein and urine NAG were analyzed; IgA precipitation was detected with immunofluorescence staining;the protein level of NF-κBp65 and MCP-1 were examined by immunohistochemical staining;the mRNA level of IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 were determined by quantitative PCR .Results The concentrations of urine RBC, Urine protein and urine NAG were reduced after ICA treatment , as companied by a decrease of IgA precipitation .Moreover, ICA treatment also decreased the protein level of NF-κBp65 and MCP-1, and the mRNA level of IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13.Conclusions ICA exerts a certain degree of efficacy on the treatment of experimental IgA nephropathy through regulating NF-κBp65 and MCP-1 expression and the immunoregulation mechanism .

Objective:To develop specific anti-AML T cells in vitro,and to study their biological characteristics and functions.Methods:Peripheral blood or bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from 12 patients with AML,and co-cultured with cytokine combinations in 96 well plates to be induced into dendritic cells (DCs).Cell morphology was observed under an inverted microscope during the first week and immunophenotype was detected by flow cytometry at day 7.Cytokine combination was replaced with high dose IL-2 at day 7 to promote specific anti-AML T cells.T cell phenotype was detected after 4 to 5 weeks.Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay was used to determine T cell killing activity.Results:After being cultured with cytokine combinations,the typical dendritic appearance with delicate membrane projections was observed.CD80,CD86 and HLA-DR markers were significantly upregulated(P

Objective To investigate the feasibility, safety and short-term efficacy of endoscopic implantation of 5-FU Slow-release Particles for advanced gastroenteric tumor. Methods During the endoscopy procedure,slow-releasing 5-FU agents were implanted densely into the tumors and infiltrated area. Forty-five to sixty pieces of agents ( each piece equivalent to 1.67 mg 5-FU)were injected, which containing an average dose of 100 mg 5-FU. Results A total of 13 advanced gastric cancer patients were enrolled into this study. Significant effects were observed in 3 patients and good effects in 8 patients, but 2 cases with no effects. The total effective rate was 84.62%. The endoscopy examination showed that the size of tumors reduced in various degree at 1 - 2months after the implantation. No hemorrhage or perforation was observed. Parameters of hepatorenal function and routine blood test were stable after implantation. Conclusion Endoscopic implantation of 5-FU Slow-release Particles can relieve the symptoms of patients and limit tumor growth in advanced gastroenteric tumor with no marrow and hepatorenal functional impair.

Our studies tried to demonstrate Eha (Et haemolysin activator) could regulate the resistance of the bacterium against acidification to survive in the macrophage and explain its underlying molecular mechanism.When the bacteria infected the macrophages at time intervals,intracellular survival rate in bafilomycin-treated macrophages was higher than that with untreated cells,and the rate of wild type ET 13 was higher than that of its eha mutant,respectively (P＜0.05).The survival rate of the wild type was higher than that of the mutant under acid treatment (P＜0.05).To determine the conditions that induced the highest eha expression,we constructed a pMP220-Peha LacZ plasmid and determined the lacZ expression under different conditions.After exposure of pH6.3 medium for 2 h time,we performed the whole transcriptomic profiles of the wild type and mutant by RNA-sequencing.We identified 147 differentially-expressed genes ([log2 ratio| ≥1),113 and 34 of which were significantly up-and down-regulated,respectively in the mutant,comparing with the wild type.These findings were validated by qRT-PCR.GO functional analysis revealed that these genes were divided into 25 categories,including the bacterial catalysis,cellular composition,combination,localization,metabolism,processing,and transportation.Based on the KEGG database,these genes were distributed in 55 pathways,such as two-component system,ABC transporters,and microbial metabolism in diverse environments.Overall,Eha is an important regulator to affect all kinds of target genes and pathways for E.tarda to adapt to an acid environment.These results could be helpful for further investigations of the mechanisms by which E.tarda survives in macrophages.