The fourth generation poly( amidoamine) dendrimers ( G4. 0 PAMAM) functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube ( G4 . 0-MWCNTs ) was prepared by amidation between carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) and G4. 0 PAMAM. Then a novel hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor was fabricated by electrodepositing Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with G4. 0-MWCNTs composites. The modified electrode was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy ( FESEM) , cyclic voltammetry ( CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ( EIS) . A large amounts of highly dispersion PdNPs could be well loaded on the surface of the G4. 0-MWCNTs, and the modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of H2 O2 . Under the optimized conditions, the reduction peak currents of H2 O2 were linear to their concentrations in the range from 1. 0 × 10-9 mol/L to 1. 0×10-3 mol/L and the limit of detection of 2. 3×10-8 mol/L was obtained. The recovery of standard addition for human serum samples was 96 . 7%-103 . 1%.

Objective To observe the injury effect of ionizing radiation on bone marrow derived c-kit+ cells.Methods Via-bility of c-kit+ cells was measured by bioluminescence;the level of c-kit+ cells reactive oxygen species was measured by DCFH-DA, the ability of colony-forming units was reflected by CFU-GM;proliferation and apoptosis of c-kit+ cells were measured by flow cy-tometry;the variation of pathway was detected by arrays of gene chip.Results Compared to control group(0 Gy).It had a decrease of c-kit+ cells′cell viability and the ability of colony-forming units after the cells receipt irradiation with the dose of 1 Gy and 4 Gy;and the level of cell reactive oxygen species,ratio of apoptosis cells increased.After 1 Gy irradiation exposure,the ratio of prolifera-tion(S/G2/M phase)cells increased compared to control group.However,when the c-kit+ cells were receipt 4 Gy irradiation expo-sure,the ratio of proliferation(S/G2/M phase)cells decreased.After 4 Gy irradiation exposure,the up-regulate genes contained Srxn1,Psmb5,Cdkn1a,Smc1b,Bcl2l1,Lrdd and so on;the down-regulate genes contained Mpo,Mtf1,Chek1,Rcc1 Ebag9,Ciapin1 and so on.Conclusion There was injury effect of ionizing radiation on c-kit+ cells,and it could induce variation of many pathways.

he herpes simplex virus type1 (HSV 1) was used for study on tracing neuronal connections of the cerebellum in the rat. The anterior or posterior lobe of the cerebellum in total 23 rats was injected by HSV 1 (HK 2 strain, from Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine) with the titer of 10 -7 in a volume of 10 15?l for each case. Following a postoperative survival period of 1 5 or 10 days, the animals were perfused and their brains and spinal cords were sectioned and stained immunohistochemically by polycolonal antibodies raised in rabbit against HSV 1. Under the LM, the HSV 1 labelled neurons were shown to be a Golgi like appearance, with clearly labelled cell body and dendrites. It showed that the distributions of the labelled neurons in the CNS depended on the postoperative periods and injection sites. 1. After posterior lobe injection, the labelling was limited in the cerebellum, especially in Purkinje cells and the deep nuclei in 1 day of survival time. Two days later, the labelling could be seen in the vestibular, pontive nuclei and inferior olive nucleus. Anterogradely transneuronal labelling in the ventrolateral thalamic nuclus became apparant 3 days after injetions; 2. After anterior lobe injection, the red nucleus, cuneate nucleus, cuniform nucleus and interstitial nucleus of cajal were labelled after 3 days, in addition to the labelling as shown in those cases with injections in the posterior lobe. The results proved that HSV 1 (HK 2 strain) could be transported both retrogradely and anterogradely in CNS, while the transneuronal transport would mainly occur anterogradely. The distances of HSV 1 transport in neuronal pathways would depend upon the postoperative survival times. This indicates that HSV 1 (HK 2 strain) is a powerful tool for demonstrating the chains of synaptically connected neurons in CNS.

Neural crest stem cells originated from hair follicle (epidermal neural crest stem cell, EPI-NCSC) are easy to obtain and have potentials to differentiate into various tissues, which make them eminent seed cells for tissue engineering. EPI-NCSC is now used to repair nerve injury, especially, the spinal cord injury. To investigate their effects on repairing peripheral nerve injury, EPI-NCSC from a GFP-SD rat were primarily cultured on coated dishes and on a poly lactic acid coglycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) membrane. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay showed that the initial adhesion rate of EPI-NCSC was 89.7% on PLGA membrane, and the relative growth rates were 89.3%, 87.6%, 85.6%, and 96.6% on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th day respectively. Cell cycles and DNA ploidy analysis demonstrated that cell cycles and proliferation indexes of cultured EPI-NCSC had the same variation pattern on coated dishes and PLGA membrane. Then cultured EPI-NCSC were mixed with equal amount of extracellular matrix and injected into a PLGA conduit to connect a 10 mm surgery excision gap of rat sciatic nerve, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) was used to substitute EPI-NCSC in the control group. After four weeks of transplantation, the defected sciatic nerve achieved a histological restoration, the sensory function of rat hind limb was partly recovered and the sciatic nerve index was also improved. The above results showed that a PLGA conduit filled with EPI-NCSC has a good repair effect on the peripheral nerve injury.
Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Neural Crest ; cytology ; Neural Stem Cells ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sciatic Nerve ; pathology ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Tissue Engineering

The research progresses of iron homeostasis and the diagnosis of hereditary iron overload in the 56th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meetings were reviewed.Over the last 2 decades,the discovery of mutations in genes leading to hereditary disorders of iron overload,iron deficiency,and iron maldistribution had accelerated our understanding of human iron homeostasis.This article provided an updated overview of the human iron cycle,regulation of iron homeostasis,how perturbations in these homeostatic mechanisms led to iron overload disease and strategies for the diagnosis of hereditary iron overload.

Progress of guidelines for quantifying iron overload in the 56th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meetings was reviewed.This article reviewed the use of historical data,serological measures,and MRI to estimate somatic iron burden.Before chelation therapy utilization,transfusional volume was an accurate method for estimating liver iron burden,whereas transferrin saturation reflected the risk of extrahepatic iron deposition.Liver biopsy was invasive and plagued by sampling variability.In the current study,we recommended annual liver iron concentration to be measured by MRI for all patients on chronic transfusion therapy.And it was important to measure cardiac T2* by MRI every 6-24 months depending on the clinical risk of cardiac iron deposition.Recent validation data for pancreas and pituitary iron assessments was also presented,while the further confirmatory data was suggested before these techniques could be recommended for routine clinical use.

New progresses of timing of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and aplastic anemia in the 56th ASH annual meetings were reviewed.Allo-HSCT for MDS was a potentially curative procedure,but it was associated with a significant risk of morbidity and mortality.With the recent approval of disease-modifying agents,the appropriate timing of alloHSCT needed to be addressed.For low and intermediate-1 IPSS risk groups,the decision to delay HSCT from the time of diagnosis maximized overall survival.For patients with intermediate-2 and high-risk disease,immediate HSCT at the time of diagnosis was associated with a greater number of life-years than HSCT at a delayed time point.The methods that underwent HSCT were after azacitidine,leukemia-type induction chemotherapy,or both.for severe aplastic anemia (SAA),HSCT was a proven cure,but HLA-matched sibling donors were found in fewer than 25 ％ of newly diagnosed patients.The use of early unrelated donor HSCT was an evolving concept that will became more accepted as improvements in HSCT outcomes continued.Moving forward,HLA-matched related and unrelated donor HSCT will likely become the treatment of choice for most patients with higher-risk MDS and newly diagnosed SAA.

New progress of guidelines for novel targets to iron overload in the 56th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting was reviewed.β-thalassemia and hereditary hemochromatosis disorders,and inappropriately low levels of the liver hormone hepcidin are responsible for the increased iron absorption,leading to toxic iron accumulation in many organs.Several studies have shown that targeting iron absorption could be beneficial to reducing or preventing iron overload in these 2 disorders.New approaches target Tmprss6.Additional strategies in β-thalassemia are showing beneficial effects in ameliorating ineffective erythropoiesis and anemia.The goal of this review is to discuss the major factors controlling iron metabolism and erythropoiesis and to discuss potential novel therapeutic approaches to reduce or prevent iron overload in these 2 disorders and ameliorate anemia in β-thalassemia.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy and safety of Silybin-nanosuspension in the treatment of liver cancer.Methods 56 patients with liver tumor were collected from February 2014 to May 2015 in our hospital,and all patients were randomly divided into treatment group(n=24)and control group(n=32).The treatment group was treated with oral Silybin-nanosuspension 360mg(Silybin)and control group was treated with Silybin capsule 360mg(Silybin),once a day.The treatment was over once the following conditions appear,the disease progression,or intolerable toxicity,or the lesion site can be treat with surgery,or patient death.Evaluating the efficacy through comparing the data of objective response rate,disease control rate, progression-free survival and overall survival,and record the adverse reactions through measuring the values of indicators of blood toxicity ( leukocytes, neutrophils,platelets and hemoglobin ) and the liver function parameters ( Valley alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) .Results The objective response rate, disease control rate, progression-free survival and overall survival of treatment group were significantly better than control group(P<0.05),and the parameters of blood toxicity and liver function were no significant differences.Conclusion The Silybin-nanosuspension is safe and effective for the treatment of liver malignancies.

Objective To observe the effect of electric-impulse stimulation to Jiaji points (EX-B2) on spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods Totally 126 eligible SCI patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 63 cases in each group. The control group was intervened by conventional rehabilitation training plus acupuncture, while based on which the treatment group additionally received electric-impulse stimulation to Jiaji points (EX-B2). The spasticity, function, and activities of daily living (ADL) were evaluated 90 d later. Results The spasticity score was significantly changed after intervention in the treatment group(P＜0.01). Tendon reflex and spasticity score were significantly changed in the control group (P＜0.01). After intervention, there was a significant difference between the two groups in comparing spasticity score (P＜0.01). The changes of motor function and sensory function scores in the treatment group were significantly different from that in the control group (P＜0.01, P＜0.05). The Barthel Index (BI) scores were significantly changed in both groups after intervention (P＜0.05). There was a significant difference in comparing the BI score between the two groups after intervention (P＜0.05). Conclusion Electric-impulse stimulation to Jiaji (EX-B2) plus conventional rehabilitation training can significantly improve spasticity, and the motor and sensory functions, and promote the recovery of activities of daily living.