The fourth generation poly( amidoamine) dendrimers ( G4. 0 PAMAM) functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube ( G4 . 0-MWCNTs ) was prepared by amidation between carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) and G4. 0 PAMAM. Then a novel hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor was fabricated by electrodepositing Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with G4. 0-MWCNTs composites. The modified electrode was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy ( FESEM) , cyclic voltammetry ( CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ( EIS) . A large amounts of highly dispersion PdNPs could be well loaded on the surface of the G4. 0-MWCNTs, and the modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of H2 O2 . Under the optimized conditions, the reduction peak currents of H2 O2 were linear to their concentrations in the range from 1. 0 × 10-9 mol/L to 1. 0×10-3 mol/L and the limit of detection of 2. 3×10-8 mol/L was obtained. The recovery of standard addition for human serum samples was 96 . 7%-103 . 1%.

Objective To observe the injury effect of ionizing radiation on bone marrow derived c-kit+ cells.Methods Via-bility of c-kit+ cells was measured by bioluminescence;the level of c-kit+ cells reactive oxygen species was measured by DCFH-DA, the ability of colony-forming units was reflected by CFU-GM;proliferation and apoptosis of c-kit+ cells were measured by flow cy-tometry;the variation of pathway was detected by arrays of gene chip.Results Compared to control group(0 Gy).It had a decrease of c-kit+ cells′cell viability and the ability of colony-forming units after the cells receipt irradiation with the dose of 1 Gy and 4 Gy;and the level of cell reactive oxygen species,ratio of apoptosis cells increased.After 1 Gy irradiation exposure,the ratio of prolifera-tion(S/G2/M phase)cells increased compared to control group.However,when the c-kit+ cells were receipt 4 Gy irradiation expo-sure,the ratio of proliferation(S/G2/M phase)cells decreased.After 4 Gy irradiation exposure,the up-regulate genes contained Srxn1,Psmb5,Cdkn1a,Smc1b,Bcl2l1,Lrdd and so on;the down-regulate genes contained Mpo,Mtf1,Chek1,Rcc1 Ebag9,Ciapin1 and so on.Conclusion There was injury effect of ionizing radiation on c-kit+ cells,and it could induce variation of many pathways.

he herpes simplex virus type1 (HSV 1) was used for study on tracing neuronal connections of the cerebellum in the rat. The anterior or posterior lobe of the cerebellum in total 23 rats was injected by HSV 1 (HK 2 strain, from Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine) with the titer of 10 -7 in a volume of 10 15?l for each case. Following a postoperative survival period of 1 5 or 10 days, the animals were perfused and their brains and spinal cords were sectioned and stained immunohistochemically by polycolonal antibodies raised in rabbit against HSV 1. Under the LM, the HSV 1 labelled neurons were shown to be a Golgi like appearance, with clearly labelled cell body and dendrites. It showed that the distributions of the labelled neurons in the CNS depended on the postoperative periods and injection sites. 1. After posterior lobe injection, the labelling was limited in the cerebellum, especially in Purkinje cells and the deep nuclei in 1 day of survival time. Two days later, the labelling could be seen in the vestibular, pontive nuclei and inferior olive nucleus. Anterogradely transneuronal labelling in the ventrolateral thalamic nuclus became apparant 3 days after injetions; 2. After anterior lobe injection, the red nucleus, cuneate nucleus, cuniform nucleus and interstitial nucleus of cajal were labelled after 3 days, in addition to the labelling as shown in those cases with injections in the posterior lobe. The results proved that HSV 1 (HK 2 strain) could be transported both retrogradely and anterogradely in CNS, while the transneuronal transport would mainly occur anterogradely. The distances of HSV 1 transport in neuronal pathways would depend upon the postoperative survival times. This indicates that HSV 1 (HK 2 strain) is a powerful tool for demonstrating the chains of synaptically connected neurons in CNS.

Neural crest stem cells originated from hair follicle (epidermal neural crest stem cell, EPI-NCSC) are easy to obtain and have potentials to differentiate into various tissues, which make them eminent seed cells for tissue engineering. EPI-NCSC is now used to repair nerve injury, especially, the spinal cord injury. To investigate their effects on repairing peripheral nerve injury, EPI-NCSC from a GFP-SD rat were primarily cultured on coated dishes and on a poly lactic acid coglycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) membrane. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay showed that the initial adhesion rate of EPI-NCSC was 89.7% on PLGA membrane, and the relative growth rates were 89.3%, 87.6%, 85.6%, and 96.6% on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th day respectively. Cell cycles and DNA ploidy analysis demonstrated that cell cycles and proliferation indexes of cultured EPI-NCSC had the same variation pattern on coated dishes and PLGA membrane. Then cultured EPI-NCSC were mixed with equal amount of extracellular matrix and injected into a PLGA conduit to connect a 10 mm surgery excision gap of rat sciatic nerve, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) was used to substitute EPI-NCSC in the control group. After four weeks of transplantation, the defected sciatic nerve achieved a histological restoration, the sensory function of rat hind limb was partly recovered and the sciatic nerve index was also improved. The above results showed that a PLGA conduit filled with EPI-NCSC has a good repair effect on the peripheral nerve injury.
Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Neural Crest ; cytology ; Neural Stem Cells ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sciatic Nerve ; pathology ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Tissue Engineering

New progress of guidelines for established and novel agents for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in the 56th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meetings was reviewed.MDS was the most commonly diagnosed myeloid malignancy.According to prognostic scoring systems,the MDS patients were divided into lower-risk and higher-risk group.The goal of treatment for lower-risk patients is transfusions minimization and life quality optimization,while the goal of treatment for higher-risk patients is transformation to acute leukemia delay and life prolongation.The lower-risk patients with isolated cytopenia are treated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents or growth factors.For patients with the del (5q) cytogenetic abnormality or those who were failure in these initial treatment,lenalidomide or experimental agents may be administrated.Lower-risk patients with multiple cytopenia may be treated with immunosuppressive drugs or low-dose hypomethylating agents.For patients with higher-risk disease,hypomethylating agents are the preferred initial treatment approach,with evaluation for hematopoietic cell transplantation at diagnosis.

SPR biosensor can inspect a lot of biochemical indexes exactly,sensitively,fast and simply.It also can inspect reciprocity of inter-molecule in real time.In 20 years,it has become a popular photoelectric technique in clinical examination.This article introduces the basic principle,structure and application of SPR biosensor in clinical examination.

The Na+/H+ antiporter in vacuolar membranes transports Na+ from the cytoplasm to vacuoles using a pH gradient generated by proton pumps, which could reduce Na+ toxicity. It is uncertain that whether the woody plants have the same mechanism. Through differential centrifugation and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, tonoplast vesicles were isolated from Populus tremula calli broken by blender. After establishing pH gradient by V-ATPase, Na+ could dissipate the pH gradient, which indicates that there is Na+/H+ antiporter in the tonoplast vesicles from Populus tremula calli (Km=11.4 mmol/L). Amiloride could inhibit the Na+/H+ antiporter activity. The antiporter could transport Na+ and K+, the affinity for Na+ is higher. Salt stress decreased Km and Vmax.

Objective:To efficiently amplify NK cells and determine their cytotoxic activity against a variety of tumor cell lines in vitro,thereby providing evidence for potential clinical application.Methods: PBMCs were isolated from adult peripheral blood and co-cultured with K562 cells that were genetically modified to express 4-1BBL,IL-15 and IL-21 on the surface for 15 days to effectively amplify NK cells.The total cell number and Purity of CD3-CD56+ cells were measured.Granzyme B and perforin expression of the amplified NK cells were detected by flow cytometry and real-time PCR.The anti-tumor effect on different cancer cells was evaluated.Results: This method obtained a more than 1.1×1010 CD3-CD56+ NK cells with 95% purity over a 15 day amplification procedure.The expanded NK cells could efficiently release granzyme B and Perforin.The cytotoxicity against different tumor cells was followed the order from strong to weak:gastric,pancreatic,cervical,ovarian and renal cancer cells,with the highest activity against gastric cancer cell line A549 (90% at E∶T=10∶1) (P<0.05).A time-dependent killing effect of activated NK cells on cervical,liver and pancreatic cancer cells was observed.Conclusion: This amplification procedure can consistently generate large amounts of pure NK cells with effective cytotoxic function against a variety of tumor cells.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the accumulation and proliferation of inflammatory cells in the synovial (joint) lining.By investigating RA pathologic processes and also through experimental models where immune complexes (inflammatory sediments) play a fundamental role.Many other autoantibodies have then come to our knowledge to be associated with the disease.Though it remains unknown the autoimmune pathology of B cells and why the clones of autoreactive B cells survive and proliferate in RA patients,but no doubt these autoantibodies represent a very useful tool in both diagnostic and prognostic terms.In joint synovial fulid,B cells also secrete cytokines,which can be interacted with other cells.B cells express IL-13 receptor a1 (IL-13Ra1),IL-13 can induce CD23 expression on B cells and promote proliferation of naive B cells. In addition,IL-13 is a cytokine which is produced mainly by activated T helper cell 2 (Th2 cells),it can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory factor and chemokines,and has a certain relationship with the differentiation of B cells. Therefore,it is necessary to summarize the mechanims of RA pathogenesis related with B cells and IL-13,which has great significance in the diagnosis,treatment and basic immunology research of autoimmune diseases such as RA.

Objective To explore the effects of L-Arginine on diabetic vascular endothelial function. Methods 60 patients with Diabetes were randomly divided into two group:placebo control group(30 patients)and L-Arginine group(30 patients). Patients in L-Arginine group were taken L-Arginine 7g a day. All patients were treated for 28days and other 7days for elution. The plasma concentration of nitric oxide(NO) and endothelin (ET), vWF were measured in each group before and after the experiment. Flow Mediated Dilation(FMD) function of brachial artery of all patients were measured by high resolution vascular ultrasound. Results After the experiment, the plasma concentration of NO in L-Arginine group was higher than that of placebo group, meanwhile the plasma concentration of ET and vWF were lower than placebo group (P ＜ 0. 05). Moreover, FDM in L-Arginine group were significant higher than placebo group(P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion L-Arginine could protect the vascular function in the diabetic patients.