A method of preparation of Chondroitin su(?)fate from Raja porosa cartilage was presented, using the extraction process of increasing concentration of strong bases, the hydrolysis of complex enzyme and the alcohol precipitat(?)on method. The technologic condition was researched. The white powder of Chondroitin sulfate was obtained at the yield rate of 2.82% and the purity of 93.6%.

Objective To evaluate the effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on autophagy during ischemiareperfusion (I/R) injury to isolated rat hearts and the role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Methods Healthy adult male Wistar rats,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 250-280 g,were anesthetized.Their hearts were excised and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus.Eighty-four isolated rat hearts with I/R injury were randomly divided into 7 groups (n =12 each):normal control group (NC group),I/R group,sevoflurane preconditioning group (S + I/R group),normal control plus wortmannin group (NC + W group),I/R plus wortmannin group (I/R + W group),sevoflurane preconditioning plus wortmannin group (S + I/R + W group),and solvent group (S + I/R + D group).In NC group,the hearts were continuously perfused with K-H solution for 180 min.In I/R group,the hearts were perfused with K-H solution for 30 min,and then subjected to ischemia for 30 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion.In S+ I/R group,the hearts were perfused with K-H solution for 10 min,and then with K-H solution saturated with 2.5％ sevoflurane for 15 min,followed by 5 min washout with K-H solution before ischemia.In NC + W group,wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor) 15 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before chest opening,and the other procedures were similar to those previously described in group NC.In I/R + W group,wortmarnin 15 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before chest opening,and the other procedures were similar to those previously described in group I/R.In S + I/R + W group,wortmannin 15 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before chest opening,and the other procedures were similar to those previously described in S + I/R group.In S + I/R + D group,dimethyl sulfoxide 1.5 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before chest opening,and the other procedures were similar to those previously described in group S + I/R.The HR,± dp/dtmax,left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were recorded at the end of equilibration and reperfusion.At the end of reperfusion,coronary effluent was collected to detect lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity,and myocardial specimens were obtained to calculate the percentage of myocardial infract size.The expression of autophagy marker LC3-Ⅱ and Akt,phosphor-Akt (p-Akt),mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR),and phosphor-mTOR (p-mTOR) was determined by Western blot.Results Compared with NC group,no significant change was found in the parameters of hemodynamics in NC + W group,and HR,± dp/dtmax and LVDP were significantly decreased,LVEDP,myocardial infract size,and LDH activity were increased,LC3-Ⅱ expression was up-regulated,and the expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR was down-regulated in the other groups.Compared with group I/R,HR,± dp/dtmax,and LVDP were significantly increased,LVEDP,myocardial infract size,and LDH activity were decreased,LC3-Ⅱ expression was downregulated,and the expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR was up-regulated in S + I/R and S + I/R + D groups,and no significant change was found in each parameter in S+ I/R+ W group.Compared with S + I/R group,HR,± dp/ dtmax and LVDP were significantly decreased,LVEDP,myocardial infract size and LDH activity were increased,LC3-Ⅱ expression was up-regulated,and the expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR was down-regulated in S + I/R + W group,and no significant change was found in each parameter in S + I/R + D group.Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning can decrease autophagy of myocardial cells during I/R through activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and enhancing mTOR activity in the downstream,thus protecting isolated rat hearts against I/R injury.

Many units use automatic financial reconciliation software now , but the automatic financial reconciliation software often have some errors, which needs to be manually adjusted on the basis. According to the bank reconciliation, analyze data of each column of the specific analysis to confirm the authenticity of these deposit in transit , hoping to discuss a method of skillfully using bank balance adjustment table fast manual reconciliation.

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a common ocular complication of diabetes patients.It mainly involve macular which is closely related with visual function,thus DME is one of the major reasons causing visual impairment or blindness for diabetes patients.How to reduce the visual damage of DME is always a big challenge in the ophthalmic practice.In the past three decades,there are tremendous developments in DME treatments,from laser photocoagulation,anti-inflammation drugs to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.However,the mechanism of DME development is not yet completely clear; every existing treatment has its own advantages and weaknesses.Therefore DME treatment still challenges us to explore further to reduce the DME damages.

Objective:To investigate the association between anxiety and the change of humoral immune functions and its correlation with HLA-DQB1 polymorphisms.Methods:Total 31 resident doctors were selected randomly and tested by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI).IgG,IgA,IgM,complement C3 and complement C4 were detected with BECKMAN array360 system;HLA-DQB1*02、*03、*04、*05 and*06 alleles were individually amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)using exon2 group-specific primers.The correlation between immune function and HLA-DQB1 polgmorphisms were investigated.Results:Statistical analysis showed that there was positive correlation with State Anxiety (Ta) and complement C3,either Trait Anxiety (Tc) and complement C3.There was significant difference between HLA-DQB1*02 positive and negative in Ta (P＜0.05),while no difference in complement C3(P＞0.05).There was significant difference between HLA-DQB1*04 positive and negative in Ta and Tc(P＜0.05),while no difference in complement C3(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Anxiety could change some humoral immune functions and this is related with HLA-DQB1 polymorphism.

The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is more complex. For the upstream of traditional pathogenesis, to looking for unifying mechanism theory which proposed in foundation of common promoters and the latest view of DR may be the result of chronic inflammation. Both of them provide the basic and clinical theraby of DR with new direction. Therefore, there are many related issuess till needs to intensive study.

Local recurrence and distant metastasis is the major factor of impacting long-term survival for patients with esophageal carcinoma after radical resection. Postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy is expected to reduce the rate of local recurrence and distant metastasis, but views for the value of postoperative radiochemotherapy were inconsistent in the past. In recent years, scholars have performed much more clinical studies on postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy and found that the combined postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy after surgery significantly reduces the recurrence rate and distant metastasis rate and can enhance the survival of the patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of continuous blood purification(CBP) in the patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). Methods Twenty-six patients with severe acute pancreatitis were divided into the control group and the observation group randomly. Fourteen cases in the control group were given conventional treatment only, 12 cases in CBP group were given continuous blood purification as well as the conventional treatment. The APACHE Ⅱ score and CRP of pre- and intra-treatment at the 2nd and 5th day were observed in the two groups. The duration of mechanical ventilation, the duration of ICU stay, the mortality of hospital were observed as well. Results The APACHE Ⅱ score and CRP of the second day and the fifth day of intra-treatment in the control group were 1.61±3.00,10.76±4.30, (149.71±60.06) mg/L and (101.21±33.98) mg/L, respectively, which were significantly different to those of (8.20±1.87) mg/L, (6.19±1.49) mg/L, (109.17±23.91) mg/L,(70.83±25.45)mg/L in the CBP group(P＜0.05). The duration of mechanical ventilation,the duration of ICU stay and the mortality of hospital were (13.29 ± 6.23) d, (16.00 ± 6.86) d, 21.43% in the control group, which were significantly lower than those of (8.00 ±5.27)d,(10.33 ±4.81)d,8.33% in the other group (P ＜0.05).Conclusions CBP is an effective method for the patients with severe acute pancreatitis to shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation and the ICU stay,and decrease the mortality of hospital.

Objective To investigate the effects of hyperoxic-hyperosmotic sodium chloride solution(HHSCS) on arterial blood gas and blood lactate in rabbits with hemorrhagic shock, and evaluate the HHSCS effects on hemorrhagic shock resuscitation.Methods Hemorrhagic shock models were induced in 30 male rabbits.The median arterial pressure(MAP) was declined to 40mmHg within 10 minutes,then maintained for 60(minutes).The animals were then randomly divided into 3 groups:normal saline hyperoxic solution(NSO)group,hyperosmotic sodium chloride solution(HS)group and HHSCS group.Sixty minutes later,NSO,HS or HHSCS 6ml/kg was infused intravenously in 5 minutes.Heart rate(HR) 、respiratory rate(RR)、 MAP and urine drops(UD) before shock and after fluid infusion were recorded;blood lactate(BL) and blood gas were measured before shock,60min after shock,and 30min,60min,120min postinfusion.Finally,the(rabbits) were killed by bleeding,the lungs were observed in autopsy,and the lung coefficient was measured.Results HS and HHSCS more effectively raised MAP,enhanced heart function,and increased UD than NSO.HHSCS group significantly reduced BL.At 60,120min after infusion,SaO_2 in HHSCS group was(significantly) higher than that in HS group and NSO group(P

Objective: To investigate the effects of Zhu Yun Pill(ZYP) in the treatment of infertility due to luteal phase defect(LPD).Methods: 163 infertility patients due to LPD were randomly divided into three groups in terms of ZYP group,progesterone group and combination group(ZYP and progesterone).Then the therapeutic efficacy was judged by the pregnancy rate(PR),endometrial biopsy,the level of serum hormone and basal body temperature before and after the treatment.Result: 40 women were pregnant in ZYP group(cure rate,33.33%),8 in the progesterone group(cure rate,26.67%) and 9 in the combination group(cure rate, 69.23%).The symptomatic amelioration and total effective rate of ZYP group were obviously higher than single exogenous progesterone group(P