Objective To characterize the skin damage induced by ultraviolet radiation in officers was observed in 67.5% of the 1286 officers and soldiers:tanning in 62.05%(798/1286),photoaging in 18.66%(240/1286),polymorphous light eruption in 13.69%(176/1286)and sunbum in 13.30%(171/1286).Two hundred and thirteen subjects each had two kinds of skin amage,and 152 subjects each had three kinds of skin damage.With the time of being in the army and cumulative sun-exposure period,the prevalence of tanning,photoaging and polymorphous light eruption increased,while the prevalence of sunburn decreased.Sunburn mostly occurred in newly assigned soldiers.Conclusions The condition of skin damage nduced by ltraviolet radiation iS severe in officers and soldiers working in high altitude,and effective measures are warranted for the prevention and treatment of the skin damage.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic degenerative disease of joints, which is one of the main causes of chronic pain and disability. Several studies have shown that OA is causally associated with many factors, such as cytokines, metabolic diseases, nutrients, gut microbiota, and life behaviors. The risk factors included obesity, hyperlipidemia and bone mineral density, and the protective factors included the use of potassium-sparing diuretics and aldosterone antagonists, folic acid and arginine. These factors influence the progression of OA mainly by participating in the body's inflammatory response and material metabolic processes or by altering the biomechanics of weight-bearing joints. In addition, the chronic pain symptoms of OA, the expression of inflammatory factors, and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may increase the risk of other diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, severe depression, and Parkinson's disease. Mendelian randomization is a new method to explore the causal association between diseases and risk factors. This method uses the random allocation of genetic variants to simulate randomized controlled trials and uses the instrumental variables related to risk factors and diseases to test the causal association between them. This review included the Mendelian randomization-related studies of OA and analyzed the causal association between OA and metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, central nervous system diseases, psychiatric diseases, cytokines, metabolomics, nutrients, gut microbiota, life behavior, telomere length and mitochondrial heterogeneity, which is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of OA.

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is currently one of the most important liver diseases worldwide, and its incidence rate is increasing year by year. This article summarizes the current research status of medical treatment of MAFLD, including lifestyle changes and individualized drug treatment. Lifestyle changes include diet management, exercise intervention, biological clock adjustment, and psychological intervention, and individualized drug treatment includes insulin sensitizer, vitamin E, weight-loss and lipid-lowering drugs, liver-protecting and transaminase-lowering drugs, and traditional Chinese medicine treatment. At the same time, multidisciplinary treatment is the trend of clinical treatment of MAFLD.

Objective: To explore relationship between screen time and myopia in children aged 11-14 years in China. Methods: The data were extracted from "National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey and Application for 0-18 Years Old Children". A total of 12 397 children aged 11-14 years old from 14 provinces and 28 districts/counties in seven regions of China were surveyed by using multi stage stratified random sampling method. Daily screen time and visual acuity information were collected through a questionnaire. Results: The myopia rate of 11-14 years old children in China was 45.0%, among which the rate of girls was higher than that of boys, and the rate of urban was higher than that of rural, and it increased with age ( χ 2=178.82,79.25, 495.96 , P <0.01). The daily screen time median of 12 397 children was 40.0 minutes, with boys(40.0 min) longer than girls( 35.0 min ) and urban children(40 min) longer than rural children(33.0 min) ( χ 2=20.86，102.68， P <0.01). The myopia rate of boys ( 42.5 %) with daily screen time greater than or equal to 60 minutes was higher than that of boys (36.4%) with daily screen time less than 60 minutes, and the myopia rate of girls (55.6%) with daily screen time greater than or equal to 60 minutes was higher than that of girls (48.0%)( χ 2=23.62，34.15， P <0.01). After adjusting for age, gender, region, time of medium and high intensity physical activity, intake of sugary food and sugary beverages, daily sleep time, multivariable Logistic regression model showed that girls with daily screen time greater than or equal to 60 minutes ( OR=1.14, 95%CI =1.03-1.27) had a higher risk of myopia than those with less than 60 minutes. After adjusting for confounding factors, there was no correlation between daily screen time and the degree of myopia in boys or girls( P >0.05). Conclusion Daily screen time greater than or equal to 60 minutes may be a risk factor for myopia in girls aged 11 to 14 years old. Given the complexity of the factors that affect vision, researches are needed to examine the relationship between screen time and myopia.

To promote the reasonable development of reference materials in the field of health care in China, on the basis of introducing reference materials and certified reference materials, we summarize the current management system and management norms of reference materials in our country, summarize the development status and trends of reference materials in the field of health care at home and abroad, analyze and discuss the development status, development trend and current challenges of standard materials in the fields of environmental health, medical sanitation and virus detection in China, and look forward to the major demand for reference materials in the field of health in China.

The pathogenic microorganism laboratory is the main workplace for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms, including bacterium and virus, or related samples, which plays an important supporting role in the prevention and control of infectious disease and the fight against biological terrorist attacks. Unified biosecurity standard and sound biosecurity standard system should be established for the laboratory experiment of pathogenic microorganisms.

Objective: To investigate the daily learning time status of elementary school students and understand the implementation of Health Requirements of Daily Learning Time for Secondary and Elementary School Students (GB/T 17223-2012) in schools, so as to provide a reference for strengthening and improving school health and health education in the new era. Methods: A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 7 776 primary school students in Shandong Province, and a survey questionnaire was designed based on the Health Requirements for Dayily Learning Time for Secondary and Elementary School Students(GB/T 17223-2012) standard to investigate their daily learning arrangements, sleep and physical activities, and breaks between classes. Comparison of intergroup differences were used by Chi square test and Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results: About 55.88 % of primary school students for daily learning time met the standard. There was a statistically significant difference in the daily learning time achievement rate among primary school students in three grades for first and second grade, third and fourth grade and fifth and sixth grade ( Z=1 629.47, P <0.01), and the fifth and sixth grade had the highest proportion of achieving the standard (85.92%). Specifically, the proportions of students whose class hours, class numbers and morning reading time meeting the standards were 30.07%, 10.20% and 42.19%, respectively. The sleep deficiency rate of primary school studnets was 58.69%, and the physical activity deficiency rate was 65.78%; and there was a statistically significant difference in the rate of insufficient sleep time and physical activity time among primary school students of different grades ( χ 2=56.39, 95.95, P <0.01), with sixth grade students showing the highest rates for both sleep and physical activity deficiencies (64.35%, 73.37%). Additionally, 49.78% of students had recess time below the standard requirements. Conclusion The health status of daily learning time among primary school students in Shandong Province is poor, with insufficient implementation of school standards, and the implementation of standards needs to be further strengthened.

In recent years,the"One Hospital with Multiple Campuses"model has emerged in major public hospitals across China,providing intrinsic impetus and vitality for the expansion and balanced distribution of high-quality medical re-sources.This paper analyzed the current situation and challenges of the multiple campuses development in public hospitals within China,adopting a problem-oriented approach to explore optimized path to a unified management system.The aim was to establish a collaborative management model across campuses based predicated on the homogenization of systems,management,supervi-sion,professionals,and performance.Taking the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University as a case in this study,the paper reviewed and summarized management strategies and practical experience from the aspects of management model,resource allocation,information-orientation,homogenized management,and cultural development.Additionally,the article suggested to u-tilize 5G technology to empower homogenization across campuses.In this way,the hospital's overall operational efficiency can be improved,optimize resource allocation optimized,homogenized medical services ensured,and core competitiveness enhanced.These efforts will provide a reference for the high-quality development of multi-campus public hospitals.

This article reviews the concepts of specialist nurses and the current status of qualification certification for pediatric specialist nurses both domestically and internationally, and reflects on and looks forward to the certification system for pediatric specialist nurses in China, aiming to provide reference for the cultivation of pediatric specialist nurses.

Objective: To investigate the treatment efficacy of recombinant activated factor Ⅶ (rFⅦa) for bleeding among patients with hematologic disorders. Methods: A total of 38 times of bleeding in 31 patients with hematological disease treated with rFⅦa were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The clinical effective rate of rFⅦa for bleeding management in acquired hemophilia A (AHA) patients/hemophilia patients with inhibitor, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients and patients with non-APL leukemia was 90% (9/10) , 71.4% (5/7) and 60.0% (3/5) , respectively, which was higher than that in patients following HSCT (30.8%) . The clinical effective rate of rFⅦa for patients with bleeding score of 2 (100.0%) was higher than that with 3 (66.7%) and 4 (54.1%) . The effective rate of rFⅦa was 25.0% (2/5) in 5 patients with cerebral hemorrhage, 66.7% (6/9) in 9 patients with hematuria and 41.7% in 12 patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The curative effect for 3 patients with joints and muscle bleeding and 5 patients with skin, nasal, pharyngeal and gum bleeding was excellent. Following HSCT, among patients with bleeding score of 4 points, high dose and repeated use of rFⅦa did not necessarily achieve a good effect. Among AHA/hemophilia patients with inhibitors and patients with acute leukemia who had bleeding score of 4 points, the use of low dose FⅦa could achieve good therapeutic effect, however the efficacy of lowest dose (22.5 μg/kg) rFⅦa was poor. Conclusions The hemostasis efficacy of rFⅦa is affected by various factors such as diseases, bleeding sites, bleeding score and so on. The use of rFⅦa can achieve good efficacy for bleeding management in AHA patients/hemophilia patients with inhibitor, APL patients and patients with non-APL leukemia. However the efficacy of rFⅦa for bleeding of patients after HSCT is poor. Early use of rFⅦa is important for successful hemostatic treatment. Management of underlying condition is as important as hemostatic treatment.