Objective To investigate medical and nursing interns' differences and similarities of role expectation on clinical nurses,and provide the basis for further carrying out physician-nurse cooperative education.Methods Using self-designed questionnaires of role expectation on clinical nurses to investigate medical and nursing interns of two degrees in Zhengzhou University who already had full ten months' internship,among them,154 medical students,145 nursing students.Results Medical and nursing students' differences were mainly on “physician-nurse collaboration and communication.Nursing students were more active than medical students.Both medical and nursing students had the lowest scores in item 15 (reverse entry)“The nurses just need to perform doctors' orders,without providing comments or suggestions”.Conclusions Colleges and clinical teachers should encourage nursing students to learn more medical knowledge,strengthen their clinical practice capacity,improve their professional competence and professionalism,thereby enhancing the status of nursing and nurses.Launching physician-nurse collaboration education in nursing and medical students,and help medical and nursing students realize nurses' different roles,improve the trust between doctors and nurses,promote the development of physician-nurse relationship.

Objective To investigate the syndromes, syndrome elements and target sites of diabetic cerebral infarction. Method Firstly, literatures were searched from January 2003 to October 2013 in China Academic Journals Database (CNKI) retrieval system, then a database of 22 eligible articles was established. Syndromes of diabetic cerebral infarction were extracted from the database, then syndromes, syndrome elements and target sites were analyzed. Results Totally 2550 cases of diabetic cerebral infarction were concerned with 15 syndromes, including 659 cases of stagnation of phlegm and blood (25.84%), 445 cases of stagnation of phlegm-heat (17.45%), 366 cases of wind-phlegm syndrome (14.35%) and 341 cases of qi deficiency and blood stasis (13.37%). There were 10 syndrome elements in the 2550 cases, of which 1588 cases with phlegm (62.27%), 1026 cases with blood stasis (40.24%), 649 cases with qi deficiency (25.45%) and 539 cases with yin deficiency (21.14%). And seven target sites were encompassed, the highlights of which included 2502 cases of liver (98.12%), 2194 cases of spleen (86.04%), 2096 cases of kidney (82.20%) and 1026 cases of brain (40.24%). Conclusion The important syndrome elements of diabetic cerebral infarction were phlegm, blood stasis, qi deficiency and yin deficiency. The four major syndromes comprising stagnation of phlegm and blood, stagnation of phlegm-heat, wind-phlegm syndrome and qi deficiency and blood stasis were concluded, mainly affected the liver, spleen, kidney and brain. And there were two fundamental pathogenesis in diabetic cerebral infarction:qi and yin deficiency, phlegm and blood stasis.

Objective To study the effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on human vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells and to explore the roles of TSH in the development of atherosclerosis.Methods Human vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells were cultured in vitro.MTT method was used to assay the effect of TSH on cell viability.Real-time PCR was used to determine the levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS),prostacyclin(PGI2),endothelin-1 (ET-1),plasminagen activator inhibitor(PAI-1) (mRNA) in endothelial cells and the phenotype transition of smooth muscle cells.The effect of TSH to the cycle of smooth muscle cells was detected by using flow cytometry.Immunocytochemistry and Western blot were used to investigate the expression of the cell cyclin A,D1,and the expression of endothelial cell associated factors eNOS and ET-1.Results Compared with the control group,eNOS and PGI2 mRNA levels decreased while ET-1 and PAI-1 mRNA levels increased when different concentrations of TSH were applied to endothelial cells(P＜0.05).The level of eNOS protein was decreased gradually while the level of ET-1 protein was gradually increased(P＜0.05).Different concentrations of TSH applied to smooth muscle cells could promote the transition of cell cycle phase G2 to phase M and increase the expression of cell cyclin A and D1.Conclusion TSH may damage the function of vascular endothelial cells and promote the proliferation of smooth muscle cells.

Objective To investigate the effects of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) stimulating on cholesterol influx in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) and the relation to low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) pathway.Methods HK-2 cells were cultured and divided into the control group (incubated with serum-free medium) and Ang Ⅱ group (treated by 10-7 mol/L of Ang Ⅱ for 24 hours).The effects of Ang Ⅱ on lipid accumulation were examined by Oil red O staining and a quantitative assay of intracellular cholesterol.The expression of LDLr,sterol regulatory elementbinding protein (SREBP) cleavage activating protein (SCAP) and SREBP-2 mRNA and protein were examined by real-time PCR and Western blotting.The cotranslocation of SCAP-SREBP-2 from endoplasmic retieulum to Golgi in HK-2 cells was examined by immunofluorescent staining under confocal microscopy.Results Ang Ⅱ treatment increased intracellular lipid accumulation in HK-2 cells,which was associated with increased mRNA and protein expression of LDLr,SCAP,and SREBP-2 in HK-2 cells induced by Ang Ⅱ.Furthermore,results from confocal microscopy observation demonstrated that Ang Ⅱ increased the translocation of SCAP/SREBP-2 complex from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi,thereby up-regulating LDLr gene transcription.Conclusion Ang Ⅱ disrupts LDLr feed-back regulation to increase cholesterol uptake and induce intracellular lipid accumulation.

Objective The objective of the present study was to evaluate the early auditory development in hearing impaired infants by LittlEARS? auditory questionnaire .Methods A total of 162 hearing impaired infants participated in the study .LEAQ consists of 35 items ,which were further divided into receptive auditory behavior , semantic auditory behavior ,and productive auditory behavior .The assessment was performed before hearing aid fit‐ting ,3 ,6 and 12 months after hearing aid fitting ,respectively .Results LEAQ scores improved dramatically in the first 12 months after hearing aid fitting ,total LEAQ scores prior to hearing aid fitting ,3 ,6 and 12 months after hearing aid fitting were 10 .47 ,17 .73 ,20 .64 and 26 .47 ,respectively .The receptive auditory behavior performance improved significantly after 3 months of hearing aid use .The duration of hearing aid use for dramatic improvement of semantic auditory behaviors ,and productive auditory behavior was 6 and 12 months ,respectively .The age of hearing aid fitting ,living environments ,degrees of parent education and degrees of hearing loss influenced LEAQscores significantly .Conclusion Hearing impaired infants exhibited significant auditory improvement in the first 12 months after hearing aids fitting .Early hearing aid fitting ,high level of parent education and well living environ‐ments promote preverbal auditory development .LEAQ is an effective tool for clinical auditory assessment and moni‐toring in infants and little toddlers .

· AIM: To summarize the clinical features of Chinese primary congenital glaucoma and to investigate the discrepancies of the clinical features between the Chinese and Indian patients.congenital glaucoma patients were reviewed. The clinical features were summarized as several quantifiable clinical parameters and the severity of the disease was evaluated. Both the quantified clinical features and severity were statistically compared with those of the Indian patients, which were cited from the previous published articles.included in the study. In Chinese patients, sex ratio (male to female )was about 2:1, family history was presented in 3 patients (7.5%) and consanguinity was found in one patient (2.5%). The main symptoms and signs observed in Chinese patients spanned a wide spectrum of manifestations. The most frequent signs noted on the initial examination were enlarged eyeball (42.5%) and decreased visual acuity (35.0%). Compared with Indian patients, Chinese patients had a later onset, a delayed diagnosis, more severe corneal changes and more severe optic nerve damages (P＜0.01). The combined tabeculectomy and trabeculotomy operation was preferred by both Chinese and Indian doctors whereas a higher proportion of Indian patients received the combined operation (P＜0.01). The proportions of the severity grade were different between Chinese and Indian patients. Most Chinese patients were in the severe grade while most Indian patients were in the very severe grade (P＜0.01).patients were sporadic and non-consanguineous.Compared with Indian patients, Chinese patients had a relative later onset, a delayed diagnosis and treatment.More attempts are needed in Chinese PCG prevention and treatment.

Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Olfaction Disorders ; drug therapy ; Smell

Objective Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ( IPF) is a chronic inflammatory disease with unknown etiology and is lack of effective therapy. The aim of this study is to explore the function of Ca2+ and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the pathogenesis of IPF, and the impact of 1,25?( OH) 2 D3 on Ca2+ and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in type Ⅱalveolar epithelial cells of rat with IPF. Methods 150 male SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: prevention group ( control groupⅠ, model groupⅠ, medication groupⅠ) and treatment group ( control groupⅡ, model groupⅡ, medication groupⅡ) . The tracheal exposure surgery was operated in control groupⅠ/Ⅱ, and then 200μL sterile physiological saline was administered by intraperitoneal injection of each rats 2 days and 14 days after surgery, separately. Bleomycin(BLM)(5 mg/kg) was in?jected into the trachea of model groupⅠ/Ⅱ, and then vitamin D3 solvent(0.1%ethanol and 99.9%glycol propylene, 1μL/g) was ad?ministered by intraperitoneal injection 2 days and 14 days after surger?y, separately. Bleomycin( BLM) ( 5 mg/kg) was injected into the tra?chea of medication groupⅠ/Ⅱ, and then 1,25?( OH) 2 D3( 2μg/kg) was administered by intraperitoneal injection 2 days and 14 days after surgery, separately. IPF model was built by injecting Bleomycin into the trachea of rats, 1,25?(OH)2D3(2μg/kg) was used to prevent and treat IPF by intraperitoneal injection in medication group. The hydroxyproline content of lung tissue in each group was measured, type Ⅱalveolar epithelial cells were separated from lung tissue and labeled with Fluo?3AM, then concentration of Ca2+ was detected by Laser scanning confocal microscope. The mRNA levels of PI3K, AKT and mTOR in the typeⅡalveolar epithelial cells were tested by RT?PCR. Results Compared with control groupⅠ/Ⅱ at each time point, hydroxyproline content of lung tissue, Ca2+ concentration and expression of PI3K, AKT and mTOR in typeⅡalveolar epithelial cells in model groupⅠ/Ⅱand medication groupⅠ/Ⅱwere sig?nificantly raised( P<0.05 or P<0.01) , but these were significantly reduced in medication groupⅠ/Ⅱcompared with model groupⅠ/Ⅱ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) . Correlation analysis showed that there is significant positive correlation between Ca2+ concentration and mRNA expression levels of PI3K, AKT and mTOR in model groupⅠ/Ⅱ(r=0.5988, r=0.6230, r=0.6603,P<0.01)and medication groupⅠ/Ⅱ( r=0.701 2, r=0.632 3,r=0.740 3,P<0.01) . Conclusion The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway plays an important role in devel?opment of IPF. 1,25?( OH) 2 D3 is able to reduce Ca2+concentration in typeⅡalveolar epithelial cells and inhibit the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and then inhibit the development of IPF.

Objective To observe the effect of atorvastatin on intraabdominal fat and microalbuminuria (MAU) in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods Forty-four MS patients were divided into the atorvastatin group and the control group. Blood pressure and blood glucose were controlled in both groups, in addition, atorvastatin was administered to the patients in the atorvastatin group. Blood pressure, blood glucose, body weight, abdominal wall fat, intraabdominal fat and MAU were compared before and after 12 weeks’ treatment. Results Obvious decrease of the intraabdominal fat and MAU was found in the atorvastatin group compared with those before the treatment Intraabdominal fat: non-ACE1/ARB (41.76?3.61) mm vs (33.23?2.47) mm, P

Objective To investigate the expression of HSPB1 in pancreatic cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological characterization.Methods Pathological specimens from 47 cases of pancreatic cancers,13 cases of para-cancerous normal pancreatic tissues and 3 cases of chronic pancreatitis tissues were selected,and tissue microarray construction instrument was used to prepare tissue microarray,then the expression of HSPB1 was determined by immunohistochemistry SP method.The scores of the proportion of positive cells and staining intensity were multiplied to make the judgment.Results The expression of HSPB1 in malignant,para-cancerous and chronic pancreatitis tissues was 80.9％ (38/47),12.5％ (2/16),respectively; and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (X2 =24.058,P =0.000).The expression of HSPB1 in pancreatic cancer tissue was not significantly related to sex,age,location,differentiation degree and nerve infiltration of tumor ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions The expression of HSPB1 is related to development and progression of pancreatic cancer,and may be an early molecular event.