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ObjectiveThrough the examination of Clostridium difficile (Cd) in the stool of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients to investigate its infection status in IBD patients and the relationship with IBD.MethodsFrom December 2009 to January 2011,a total of 130 diagnosed IBD patients were collected in the Department of Gastroenterology,Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University School of medicine,including 60 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and 70 Crohn's disease (CD) patients.At same time.60 irritable bowel syndrome patients and 60 healthy volunteers were collected as control.Stool samples were tested by PCR and Cd toxin A/B test kit (CDTK).SPSS statistical software was used for statistical analysis.ResultsIn 130 enrolled IBD patients,16 cases (12.3％) were Cd infected,of which 10 were UC cases (16.7％) and 6 were CD cases (8.6％).No Cd infection was found positive in control group (x2 =15.779,P=0.000).The infection rate of Cd in the patients of active stage was higher than that in the patients of inactive stage (x2 =10.092,P=0.001).The infection rate of coion-type CD patients was 4/14,which was significantly higher than those of other types CD patients (x2 =13.125,P=0.001).The infection rate of Cd was 4.5％ in mild UC patients,14.3％ in moderate and 6/17 in severe (x2 =6.667,P=0.037) ; the infection rate were 0％ in mild CD patients,4.2％ in moderate and 5/16 in severe.The infection rate increased along with the increase of The disease severity (x2 =13.907,P=0.000).There was no significant difference in the infection rate of Cd between broad-spectrum antibiotics used and not used patients (x2 =1.414,P =0.378), or between patients with broad-spectrum antibioticsused aloneand combinedwith immunosuppressant (x2 =0.330,P=0.962).ConclusionsThere was certain infection rate of Cd in IBD patients,especially the patients in active stage. The infection rate increased along with the increase of the IBD severity.

0.70,and the Cronbach's ? value for satisfaction of management domain was 0.44.The ICC of the SRS-22 questionnaire,0.94,0.86,0.77,0.74,0.84,showed a satisfactory reproducibility.Five public factors were obtained by factor analysis compared with the five domains of SRS-22 questionnaire.For the concurrent validity,5 domains had excellent correlation,9 had good correlation,and 26 had correlation.CONCLUSION:The adapted simplified Chinese version of the SRS-22 questionnaire has satisfactory reliability and concurrent validity,and might be suitable for post-operative clinical evaluation of Chinese adolescent scoliosis patients.

ObjectiveTo observe the influence of Songling Xuemaikang on the hypertension and hemorheology of hyperlipoidemia patients.Methods40 hyperlipoidemia patients randomly divided into Songling Xuemaikang group and jiao gu la zong dai group as a control.The blood lipid and the improvement of hemorheology before and after treatment were compared.ResultsThe efficiency of lipoidemia decrease of treatment and control group is 86.5％and 82.4％,respectively.There was no significant difference between two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The difference of whole blood high shear viscosity,whole blood low shear viscosity,plasma viscosity,whole blood reduced viscosity and fibrinogen between two groups had significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionSongling Xuemaikang had effect on both regulating blood lipid and improving the several indexes of hemorheology.It could be an effective and safe drug for prevention and cure cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of Xinmailong injection combined with Qiliqiangxin capsule on serum BNP , NF-kappa B and cystatin C in the treatment of chronic heart failure in the elderly .Methods 78 cases of elderly patients with chronic heart failure were selected and randomly divided into two groups according to the random number table, 39 cases in each group.All patients received basic treatment, the control group received standard treatment, and the study group received more with Xinmailong injection combined with Qiliqiangxin capsule,and levels of serum B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP), cystatin C(CysC) and NF-κB were compared, left ventricular function and 6 min walking test were detected and the clinical curative effect were compared after the treatment.Results Compared with before treatment, levels of serum BNP, CysC and NF-κB in 2 groups decreased(P<0.01), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) increased(P<0.05), left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESV) reduced(P<0.05), 6 min walking distance increased(P<0.01), scores of symptom decreased(P<0.01), compared with the control group, levels of serum BNP, CysC and NF-κB in study group were lower, LVEF were higher ( P<0.05 ) , levels of LVEDV and LVESV were lower ( P<0.05 ) , scores of 6 min walking distance were higher(P<0.01), scores of symptom were lower (P<0.01), the effective rate was higher(P<0.05).Conclusion Xinmailong injection combined with Qiliqiangxin capsule in the treatment of chronic heart failure in the elderly was effective , and it can improve left ventricular function, the possible mechanism related to the decrease of BNP, CysC and NF-κB levels.

Objective To analyze the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test-Third Edition (RBMT-III). Methods The items of RBMT-III were translated in Chinese and adjusted. A total of 131 healthy subjects were tested with Chinese version of RBMT-III, 30 of them were tested again with other materials two weeks later. Results The Cronbach'sαcoefficient was 0.799. The correlation coefficient of parallel-forms in subtest scale and meory index were all more than 0.65. There were six main fac-tors extracted, which explained 64.47%of the accumulated variance, those were novel task learning, spatial memory, verbal memory, visual memory, prospective memory and orientation/date. Conclusion RBMT-III is a reliable and validated instrument for assessment of memory.

Bolar exception is a patent infringement exemption principle .The article explored the origin ( market failure ) of Bolar ex-ception from the view of government regulation theory , and introduced the production , development and application status of Bolar excep-tion in the world.At the same time, the Bolar exception clauses in our country were also introduced , and the relative regulations in time, place and application scope were discussed in order to provide reference for the perfection of Bolar exception in China .

Objective To study the photodynamic therapeutical efficacy of a novel photosensitizer DTP on sensitive gastric cancer cells (SGC7901) and vincristine-resistant gastric cancer cells (SGC7901/VCR).Methods The P-gp expression on the SGC7901 and SGC7901/VCR cell membrane was indirectly confirmed by fluorescence microscopy.The survival rates of SGC7901 and SGC7901/VCR cells were evaluated by cell counting kit (CCK-8) after photodynamic therapy with DTP.The intracellular DTP uptake levels of two types of cell were determined using a fluorescence spectrophotometer,and the intracellular DTP distributions were observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy.Results The novel photosensitizer DTP has considerable photodynamic cytotoxic effect on SGC7901 and SGC7901/VCR cells.However,this effect on the SGC7901NCR cells was relatively weak (P＜0.05),and could not be enhanced by P-gp inhibitor verapamil or cyclosporine A(P＞0.05).The DTP uptake level in SGC7901 cells was higher than that in SGC7901/VCR cells (P＜0.05),and could not be enhanced by P-gp inhibitor verapamil and cyclosporin A (P＞0.05).It was found that DTP distributed in the lysosomes of SGC7901 cells and in the lysosomes and mitochondria of SGC7901/VCR cells.Conclusions The novel photosensitizer DTP is not the substrate of multidrug transporter P-gp,and its weaker photodynamic cytotoxic effect on SGC7901/VCR cells is independent of the P-gp overexpression on its cell membrane,which may be related to the distribution of intracellular DTP in the two types of cell.

Objective To investigate the relationship between nitric oxide and contractile disfunction of junctional zone of smooth muscle by detecting the expression of nitric oxide in uterine junctional zone in patients with adenomyosis.Methods From February 2012 to July 2012,23 patients with adenomyosis undergoing hysterectomy as adenomyosis group matched as 16 patients with cervical carcinoma or ovarian cancer were enrolled as control group in Center of Minimally Invasive Gynecology,Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital.Location of nitric oxide synthase (inducible NOS and endothelial NOS) in uterine junctional zone was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.Smooth muscle cells of junctional zone were cultured and cellular mRNA levels of nitric oxide synthase were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Furthermore,concentration of nitrites in lysates of fresh junctional zone tissues and cultured cells were determined by Griess reaction.Results (1) The expression of nitric oxide synthase proteins in smooth muscle cells of junctional zone tissues:the staining of iNOS was intensive in smooth muscle cells of junctional zone in patients with adenomyosis,while staining of eNOS was scant.Both staining of iNOS and eNOS were not observed in control group.(2) The expression of NOS genes in cultured smooth muscle cells from adenomyosis:mRNA level of iNOS was elevated by 1.5 times (P ＜0.01) while eNOS level was reduced by 2.6 times when compared with those in control groups (P ＜ 0.05).(3) Nitrites concentration in lysates of junctional zone tissues and cultured cells:concentrations of nitrites in lysates of 100 mg tissues were respectively (37 ± 8) μmol/L and (28 ± 5) μmol/L in adenomyosis and control group (P ＞ 0.05).While concentrations of nitrites in 1 × 106 cells were respectively (11.8 ± 0.6) μmol/L and (10.8 ± 1.5) μmol/Lin adenomyosis and control group,which did not reach statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Upregulation of nitric oxide might be associated with contractile disfunction of smooth muscle cells in uterine junctional zone of patients with adenomyosis.

Objective To understand and evaluate the early breastfeeding behaviors in preterm infants,and to analyze the evolution process of early breastfeeding behaviors in preterm infants,and therefore to provide a theoretical basis for preterm infant breastfeeding.Methods A continuous evaluation of early breastfeeding behaviors in 38 preterm infants was performed commencing on the beginning of breastfeeding and finishing on the attainment of breastfeeding.Results The earliest breastfeeding was initiated from a postmenstrual age (PMA) of 30 weeks.Obvious rooting,efficient areolar grasp,repeated short sucking bursts and irregular swallowing were noted from 31 weeks; The maximum number of consecutive sucks was limited to between 6 and 24 sucks,with a median of 18 sucks.Full breastfeeding was attained at a median of 36 weeks,between 33 and 38 weeks.Conclusions The early breastfeeding capacity in preterm infants is enhanced and becomes perfect gradually with the implementation of breastfeeding,and that is sufficient and practical for establishment of full breastfeeding at a low postmenstrual age of preterm infants.