Objective To analyze the epidemical distribution of intestinal nematode infections in Jiangsu Province in recent 30 years,so as to provide the evidence for improving prevention and control of intestinal nematodiasis in the future. Methods The literature related to intestinal nematode infections in Jiangsu Province from 1984 to 2012 was searched and the infection data in them were sorted and analyzed. Results A total of 26 papers were obtained. In the recent 30 years,the infection rates of Trich-uris trichiura,Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm in Jiangsu Province decreased gradually,but the infection levels in northern Ji-angsu were higher than those in central and southern Jiangsu. In northern and central of Jiangsu Province,the descent speed of the intestinal nematode infection levels was faster before 2000,and then it slowed down after 2000. In southern Jiangsu,the descent speed of the infection level of A. lumbricoides was the fastest,but the infection level of T. trichiura with slight fluctuation kept rela-tively steady. From 1984 to 1989,the infection rates of the 3 intestinal nematodes above-mentioned in all age groups were high, and those of T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides were above 20%and 30%,respectively,and the infection rates of hookworm in mid-dle aged and elderly populations were relatively high. From 1990 to 2000,the infection rates of A. lumbricoides in children and teenager as well as that of hookworm in the people aged from 40 to 70 years were high,but those of T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides in the people above 70 years old were low. During the period of 2001 to 2012,the middle aged and elderly population and children were still the high-risk groups of hookworm and A. lumbricoides infections,respectively. Conclusions In the recent 30 years,the infection rates of intestinal nematodes in Jiangsu Province have decreased year by year,but the infection levels in northern Jiangsu are still higher than those in central and southern Jiangsu,which means that the northern Jiangsu is the key area of intestinal nema-todiasis control. Meanwhile,the A. lumbricoides infection rate of children and T. trichiura infection rate of the middle aged and el-derly population are high,which suggests that the control should put emphasis on the key population.

Objective To sum m arize the key points, difficulties and relevant practical experiences for ana-lyzing the scene of solved intentional hom icide cases. Methods The data of 88 solved intentional hom i-cide cases in a county from 2004 to 2013 w ere collected and the retrospective analysis w as perform ed. Results The num ber of local fem ale victim s obviously higher than non-local fem ale victim s and the num ber of non-local suspects is obviously higher than local suspects. The num ber of M ale suspects show ed higher com pared w ith the fem ale. M ost of them w ere tem porary w orkers, unem ploym ent or farm ers w ith less education backgrounds. The m ain causes of victim s’ death w ere m echanical injury or asphyxia. The m urders w ere acquaintances in m ost intentional hom icide cases. The m otive of the stranger m urders w as com m only m oney. The m urder behavior types of hom icide cases w ere related w ith people, m oney and sexual assault. C am ouflage and guilty behavior show ed the m ost significance. Conclusion The accurate identification of suspects is one of the m ost im portant task in forensic investigation and re-flects the im portance of the crim inal scene analysis for intentional hom icide cases. It also provides the direction of future research.

Drug addiction is a chronic,relapsing brain disorder,which develops,in part,because of aberrant learning and memory. Accumulative studies during recent decades demonstrated that addictive drug hijacks the normal memory circuit in the brain to form a long-lasting drug reward memory,which determines relapse to addictive drug. In this review,we will describe what has been learned about drug reward memory,especially focused on one of the associative drug reward memory models,drug-induced conditioned place preference. Drug reward memory is a dynamic process,which consists of several stages,including acquisition,consolidation,maintenance,retrieval,reconsolidation and extinction. Interventions with pharmacological in these memory processes will differentially regulate drug reward memory. Furthermore , the recently developed novel pure behavioral procedure according to the hypothesis of memory processes,e.g. post-retrieval extinction,could erase drug reward memory,which shows more advantages than the pharmacological medications that used in memory studies. Finally, we discussed two major methodological issues in drug reward memory,procedure and timing,which should be carefully considered when designing the related studies and interpreting the results from related studies. So far,it is not sure whether it is feasible to develop a pharmacological medication that only erases drug reward memory without impairing normal memories,we propose that inhibition of drug reward memory would be a good strategy to limit the risk of relapse to addictive drug. Although current findings on drug reward memory benefits little for treatment of drug addiction,the ongoing studies on drug reward memory will provide a promising strategy for reducing the risk of relapse to addictive drug.

Objective To explore the status of infections of soil-transmitted nematodes of residents in Shuyang County,Jiang-su Province from 2011 to 2012. Methods Totally 2 140 residents of Machang Town and Longji Town in Shuyang County,Jiangsu Province were investigated,and their stool samples were collected and detected by Kato-Katz technique,and in addition,the chil-dren aged 3-12 years were examined by the cellophane anal swab method,in 2011 and 2012. Results In 2011,the total infec-tion rate of soil-transmitted nematodes was 1.06%(11/1 034),the infection rate of hookworm was 1.06%(11/1 034),the infec-tion rate of Ascaris lumbricoides was 0,the infection rate of Trichuris trichiura was 0,and the infection rate of Enterobius vermicu-laris was 0;In 2012,the total infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes was 0.99%(11/1 106),the infection rate of hookworm was 0.27%(3/1 106),the infection rate of A. lumbricoides was 0.09(1/1 106),the infection rate of T. trichiura was 0,and the in-fection rate of E. vermicularis was 2.69%(7/223). Conclusion The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes of residents in Shuyang County is low,but the surveillance is still necessary.

The increase of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is a key link in causing the pathological changes in vasogenic brain edema and inflammatory reaction. In recent years, a number of studies have indicaded that a lot of mediators participated in the structural and functional changes and damage of BBB during the process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

Objective To determine the effect of willed movement on the expression of Nogo-A and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) in adult rats with cerebral ischemia.Methods Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h,followed by a 24 h reperfusion in 54 adult rats and the degree of their neurological deficit was evaluated using Longa scale.They were then divided randomly into 3 groups,namely the MCAO group,the environmental modification (EM) group,and the willed movement (WM) group.The rats of MCAO group were raised in a regular breeding box,where they could get food and water freely.Meanwhile,those of the other two groups were raised in a homemade box.For the WM group,the water bottle and food were located on the roof of the homemade box.In each group,six rats were killed on day 3,7 and 15 after reperfusion and their neurological deficits were evaluated respectively.Immunohistochemistry assay was employed to examine the expression of Nogo-A and ROCK in the brain tissue around the ischemic foci.Results The rats of the WM group showed lessened neurological deficits on day 15 compared with the model and EM group.Their expression of Nogo-A decreases from(28.92 ± 2.17)/hpf on day 7 to (24.38 ± 2.29)/hpf on day 15 and that of ROCK did from (40.03 ± 2.14)/hpf to (38.08 ± 2.07) / hpf,lower than those of the model and EM group.However,no significant differences were found in the expression of Nogo-A and ROCK between the model group and EM group at any time points.Conclusion Willed movement could promote the functional recovery of neurological deficits in rats with ischemia after reperfusion,which is probably in relation to restrained expression of Nogo-A and Rho-associated in the tissue around the brain ischemic foci.

Objective To explore the effects of galantamine on function of learning and memory and cholinergic neurons in cortex and hippocampus in rat models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) so as to further investigate the mechanism of cholinesterase inhibitors in improving the cognitive ability of AD patients. Methods The AD rat models established by injecting amyloid-beta protein (A? 1-40) into the bilateral Meynert nucleus were intervened with galantamine, and their abilities of learning and memory were measured with a behavioral test. Meanwhile, the changes in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the rats were examined with immunohistochemical technique. Results In the AD model rats administered with galantamine, the performances in the test were significantly improved and ChAT immunoreactive positive neurons were increased significantly in hippocampus and cortex fields. Conclusion Galantamine can significantly improve the function of learning and memory of the AD model rats, and enhancing the survival characteristics of cholinergic neurons may be one of the important mechanisms, indicating a new possible mechanism of cholinesterase inhibitors as a remedy for AD.

[Objective]To investigate the changes and correlation of bone collagen and biomechanical property in osteoporosis rats.[Method]Normal 30 nullimating female 7 month SD rats were divided randomly to two groups,each included 15.The sham group was unovariectomized,and the OVX group was ovariectomized.To execute the rats after 12 weeks,the author get the 5th lumbar vertebra,and then detected the biomechanical property and HYP.The author observed the collagen morphology of the 4th lumbar vertebra using the microscope after the masson triad color dyeing.[Result]Twelve weeks later,HYP in the sham group was(0.197?0.035)mg/g.The bone collagen was regular,compact,and closed succession.HYP in the OVX group was(0.182?0.022)mg/g.The bone collagen was incompact,thin,collapse and poor succession.There was significant change of the HYP in two groups(P

[Objective]To analyze the causes of perioperative periprothetic fracture with hip arthroplasty and discuss the prevention and treatment of the fracture.[Method]18 of 640 THR cases occurred femoral fracture from July 1995 to August 2006,11 with intraoperative fracture and 7 with postoperative fracture,12 were and 6 female,the mean age 68 years(range:51 to 79 years).According to AAOS'standard,18 cases were divided into 6 types:1 of I type,6 of II type,4 of III type,4 of IVa type,2 of IVb type,1 of V type and 2 of VI type.10 of 11 cases of intraoprative fracture were operated immediately with internal fixation,and one of II type was treated with conservative method.4 of 7 cases of postoperative fracture were operated with open reduction and internal fixation in two weeks,2 cases with loosen stem were operated by revision hip,and one of V type was treated with conservative method because of other disease.[Result]The mean followed up perioid were 15.2 months(rang:6 to 42 months),15 fractures united,2 delayed united and 1 dead after 8 months postoperatively.The average scores were 80 according to Harris'standard(range:67 to 92).[Conclusion]Violence、abnormal of femur cannal、osteoprosis and bigger prothesis are the main causes of intraoperatively peri-prothetic femur fracture after THA,and loosening、 osteoperosis and outside injury are the main causes of postoperatively periprothetic femoral fracture,different treatment should be used according to the different types.

Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) is one of persistent organic pollutants which are widely exist in environment.This review described PCBs characteristics and toxicity on animals and human livers.Before now,it was identified that PCBs caused liver damage and hepatocarcinogenicity for animals.However,occupational studies and long-term,low level exposure studies to human beings have found no direct correlation between PCBs exposure and liver damage and carcinogenicity,only accidental environmental exposures have found increased mortality of liver disease.But high morbidity of human liver cancer and detected PCBs in the environment were reported in some regions.It is evident that more researches should be done.