P2 X7 receptor is a member of ATP-gated non-selective cation channels;and is one subtype family of the P2X purinergic receptor.Signaling pathways of P2X7 receptor couple with several key inflammatory molecules including IL-1β;IL-6 and COX-2;which suggests that P2 X7 receptor plays a key role in the development of dis-eases via increased inflammation;indicating its potential as a novel therapeutic target.Recent studies show that P2 X7 receptor has a relationship with renal diseases.This article reviews the effect of P2 X7 receptor on renal diseases and its mechanism.P2 X7 receptor may be a new drug target;and its selectivity antagonist may be a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of renal diseases.

Objective:To evaluate the application status and change trends of insulin and its analogs in Nanjing area during 2011 to 2013. Methods:The varieties, sales amount and DDDs of insulin and its analogs in 43 hospitals of Nanjing during 2011 to 2013 were analyzed. Results:The use of insulin and its analogs was increased year by year from 2011 to 2013 with the average annual growth rate of 16%. Glargine, pre-mixed insulin 30R, aspart 30, human insulin and aspart ranked the top five in the sum of money with the proportion above 80%. Pre-mixed insulin 30R, aspart 30, glargine, human insulin and common insulin ranked the top 5 in DDDs. Conclusion:The application of insulin and its analogs is wide in clinics, and the usage and sum of money both show rapid growth trend.

Terapeutic options used to repair tendon and ligament injury consist of autografis,allografts and synthetic prostheses.Tendon and ligament of tissue engineering have their unique advantages as alternative therapy.Choosing the proper scaffold materials is important for successfully constructing tissue engineering tendon and ligament,so in this review we focus on natural and artificial scaffold materials used in tissue engineering of tendon and ligament in recent years.

Objective To explore the clinical value of testing LDH and IL-2 in the serum of the patients with the acute leukemia. Methods The LDH and IL-2 in the serum of 15 patients with the acute leukemia were tested,who consist of the patients with first treatment,recurrence and remission,compared with these of the normal people in control group.Results The LDH of the patients with first treatment and recurrence was obvious higher than tllat of the patients with remission;the IL-2 of the patients with first treatment and recurrence was obvious lower than that of the patients with remission.The LDH descent and IL-2 ascent were found in the patients with remission.Conclusion The cell load of the patients with the acute leukemia can depress the expression of IL-2 in the patients with the acute leukemia.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the phenomenon observed in tumor cells that describes the simultaneous emergence of cellular resistance to the cytotoxic attack by structurally and mechanism unrelated chemotherapeutic drugs. The mdr 1 gene was sufficient to confer the MDR phenotype, including the expression of the P Glycoprotein (P Gp). P Gp appears to play an important role in tumor cells by acting as an energy dependent efflux pump to remove various drugs from the cell before they have a chance to exert their cytotoxic effects. It is generally accepted that reversal or inhibition of P Gp function in tumor cells is an important way for modulating MDR. It has been demonstrated in the laboratory that MDR mediated by the P Gp may be modulated by a wide variety of compounds. These compounds , which include verapamil and cyclosporin, generally have little or no effect by themselves on the tumor cells, but when used in conjunction with antineoplastic agents, they decrease, and in some instances eliminate, MDR. This paper will introduce some new reversal agents and discuss their physical and chemical characteration and others.

0.05). ③All of the OSAHS patients suffered seri-ous lipid metabolic disorders. CONCLUSION ① Fatty infiltration in the pharyngeal tissue may lead to collapse of the pharyngeal airway during sleep. ②The epithelial cells of mucosa,endothelial cells of small vessels and glandular cells of minor salivary glands can potentially produce leptin. Leptin existing with Ob-Rb shows the peripheral action of leptin. The positive ex-pression of leptin and Ob-Rb had no significant differ-ence between the two groups, which may explain theectopic accumulation of lipid. ③ Disordered lipid me-tabolism may not be the determinant factor in the patho-genesis of OSAHS. ④ Endogenous hyperleptinemia may be the protective response to respiratory distur-bance and disordered lipid metabolism, and is also as-sociated with the continuous hypersympathetic activity. The level of leptin in plasma has a positive correlation with the severity of OSAHS.

Objective: To examine the effect of group mental intervention on implicit and explicit aggression of violent juvenile criminals. Methods: A survey investigation and IAT test on implicit aggression were employed to evaluate the aggression of violent juvenile criminals. And the effect of ten times of group intervention on aggression of juvenile criminals was analyzed. Results: After group mental intervention, the implicit aggression was not reduced significantly, but the intervention effect on explicit aggression was significant. Physical aggression and verbal aggression of explicit aggression reduced significantly, but there was no significant difference in rage and hostility. Conclusion: Group mental intervention is an effective method for reducing explicit aggression of violent juvenile criminals.

0.05). In the field of side effects,especially EPS,weight gain,lactation and menstrual disorders,aripiprazole was significantly lower than risperidone(P