Spleen deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome is the common syndrome of the chest blockage.In this article,the pathological characteristics,syndrome characteristics and treating principle of the spleen deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome of chest blockage were discussed.

This paper Summarized Wu Jutong's academic thought and diagnosis and treatment characteristics. The contribution of Wu Jutong to the traditional Chinese medicine was his legislation and theory of innovation, especially for the treatment of febrile diseases. Many prescriptions and theories that he left has been further improved TCM in exogenous diseases and febrile diseases treatment. Besides he also made great achievements on the diagnosis and treatment of arthralgia syndrome and diarrhea diseases. The academic thought and clinical characteristics of Wu Jutong had important practical significance to the prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases and infectious diseases.

Our study was based on the book Theory of Epidemic Heat Syndrome. This book was written by Mr. Shao Dengying of Qing dynasty, who was famous in Qing Dynasty on curing virus infection. We described his unique insights in diagnosis and treatment of epidemic heat syndrome in six aspects: the origin, position of epidemic heat invasion, difference between epidemic heat syndrome and typhus, paying attention to the symptoms of epidemic heat, differentiation and treatment from qi, bloods and stomach, and attaching importance to the stomach Qi and kidney essence etc.

Objective To investigate the role of HBXIP overexpression in the prognostic evaluation of breast cancer. Methods HBXIP expression was detected in the tissues of 60 breast cancer cases and 15 cases of ductal cancer in situ (DCIS) as well as in the adjacent non-tumorous tissues of 27 cases of breast cancer using EnVision immunohistochemical staining method. The correlations between the HBXIP overexpressions and the clinical pathological characters of the patients with breast cancer were also analyzed. Results The HBXIP proteins showed a major cytoplasmic staining pattern in breast cancer. The strongly positive rate of HBXIP was75.0%(45/60) in breast cancer, significantly higher than in DCIS (20.0%, 3/15) and adjacent non-tumorous tissues (14.8%, 4/27). High-level expression of HBXIP was correlated with late clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and HER-2 positive expression in breast cancer. Conclusions The expression level of HBXIP is closely related to the progression and prognosis of breast cancer. It might be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target of breast cancer.

Objective To explore the main pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance patterns in children with bacterial diar‐rhea from Guangzhou region .Methods Regular bacterial culture of stool samples from children with suspicious bacterial diarrhea was performed to isolate the pathogen during 2011 to 2012 ,followed by the analysis of its composition and serum type ,ward distri‐bution characteristics and drug resistance to 12 antimicrobacterial drugs .Results 416 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from diarrhea children during 2011-2012 ,in which salmonella ,enteropathogenic E .coli ,Campylobacter jejuni and Candida albicans isolates accounted for 53 .61% ,37 .98% ,5 .29% and 1 .68% respectively .Drug resistance rate of the main strains to 12 antimicrobi‐al agents was 85 .25% to ampicillin ,54 .28% to compound sulfamethoxazole ,44 .70% to cefotaxime ,42 .53% to ceftriaxone , 40 .66% to chloramphenicol ,23 .55% to ceftazidime ,23 .36% to aztreonam ,14 .88% to ciprofloxacin ,8 .07% to cefepime ,7 .99% to cefperazone/sulbactam ,7 .42% to piperacillin/tazobactam respectively ,and no resistance to imipenem was detected .Conclusion The pathogenic bacteria causing diarrhea mainly includes salmonella ,pathogenic e .coli ,campylobacter jejuni in children from guang‐zhou region ,the top five sensitive antimicrobial reagents for the main strains includes imipenem ,piperacillin/tazobactam ,cefpera‐zone/sulbactam ,cefepime and ciprofloxacin .

Objective To investigate the value of intervening part (IP)ratio under magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI )in the diagnosis of early gastric neoplastic lesions. Methods From September 2012 to May 2015 ,a total of 124 patients with suspected superficial gastric neoplastic lesions under white light endoscope (WLI)were enrolled,87 male with mean age of (63.2 ± 7.9)years old and 37 female with mean age of (62.6±8.2)years old.All the enrolled patients received precision endoscopy examination,which were observed under WLI at first followed by ME-NBI.Vessel, surface classification and IP features of the lesions under WLI and ME-NBI were recorded,and targeted biopsies were performed.Patients received endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)or surgery according to lesions features,histopathological results.Agreement rate between WLI,VS classification with IP ratio and the histopathological results were analyzed.Chi-square test was performed for rate comparision Receiver operator characteristic (ROC)curve was drawn to compare the diagnostic accuracy in early gastriccancer (EGC)between WLI and ME-NBI.Results Among the 124 patients,a total of 118 patients completed precision endoscopy examination.A total of 162 lesions were detected,and 161 of which were analyzed.A total of 84 low grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN),63 high grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN), seven mucosal cancer and seven submucosal cacinoma were detected. The incidences of demarcation line (32.1 %(27/84)vs 96.1 %(74/77)),irregular microsurface pattern (45 .2%(38/84)vs 87.0%(67/77)),irregular-microvascular pattern (16.7%(14/84)vs 62.3%(48/77 )),increased gland tube density (48.8%(41/84)vs 85 .7%(66/77 ))and increased microvessel density (21 .4%(18/84)vs 80.5 %(62/77))of non-cacinoma lesions (LGIN)were significantly lower than those of cacinoma lesions (including HGIN, mucosa cancer and submucosa cacinoma ), and the differences were statistically significant (χ2 =67.6,29.1 ,33.5 ,22.9,53.7,all P <0.05).The sensitivities of WLI and ME-NBI in EGC diagnosis were 89.6% and 94.8%,respectively;the specificities were 61 .9% and 83.3%, respectively,area under curve (AUC)were 0.84 and 0.93,respectively.The diagnostic accuracy of ME-NBI in early gastric cancer was higher than that of WLI,and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =49.0, P <0.01).The sensitivities of vessel plus surface (VS)classification and VS classification with IP ratio were 90.9% and 94.8%,respectively;and the specificities were 81 .0% and 83.3%,respectively;AUC were 0.89 and 0.93,respectively.The diagnostic sensitivity of vessel classification with IP ratio was higher than that of simple vessel classification,and the differnce was statistically significant (χ2 =41 .0, P <0.01).Conclusion Compared with WLI,the diagnostic accuracy of ME-NBI is higher in gastric superficial neoplasia lesions,and IP ratio is helpful in diagnosis of gastric superficial neoplasia lesions.

Background:Esophageal cancer is a commonly seen gastrointestinal malignancy. Early detection of superficial neoplastic lesions is critical for improving the prognosis. Therefore,it is of great importance to explore new endoscopic techniques for increasing the detection rate of early esophageal cancer. Aims:To assess the diagnostic accuracy of targeted biopsy guided by magnifying endoscopy combined with narrow-band imaging(ME-NBI)for suspected superficial lesions in esophagus. Methods:In a prospective cross-over designed trial,65 patients with suspected superficial lesions in esophagus detected by conventional gastroscopy were randomly assigned to group A and group B. Patients in group A received primary white light imaging(WLI)with Lugol’s staining followed by ME-NBI 4-6 weeks later,and patients in group B received primary ME-NBI followed by WLI with Lugol’s staining 4-6 weeks later. Random biopsy was performed in WLI with Lugol’s staining,while targeted biopsy was performed in ME-NBI based on Inoue’s intraepithelial papillary capillary loop (IPCL)classification. Results:A total of 58 patients completed the study and 68 lesions were eligible for statistical analysis. More biopsies were taken in WLI with Lugol’s staining than in ME-NBI(3. 7 vs. 2. 2 per lesion,P < 0. 05). The overall agreement of IPCL classification with definite pathological diagnosis was 89. 7% . The overall agreement of targeted biopsy by ME-NBI and random biopsy by WLI with Lugol’s staining was 85. 3% ;the specificity and positive predictive value of both ME-NBI and WLI with Lugol’s staining for neoplastic lesions were 100% ,but the sensitivity of ME-NBI was superior to that of WLI with Lugol’s staining(90. 0% vs. 70. 0% ,P < 0. 05). The agreement of ME-NBI-guided targeted biopsy with definite pathological diagnosis was slightly higher than that of random biopsy by WLI with Lugol’s staining(89. 7% vs. 86. 8% ,P > 0. 05). Conclusions:ME-NBI-guided targeted biopsy is superior to random biopsy by WLI with Lugol’s staining for detection of superficial neoplastic lesions in esophagus with higher sensitivity and less number of biopsy. It might benefit the follow-up endoscopic treatment.

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to analyze the underlying bacterial pathogens of the tonsils and adenoids in children with sleep-disordered breathing(SDB).METHODS The core tissue from the tonsils and/or adenoids of 163 SDB children was cultured aerobically. Of the 163 cases, 120 children underwent adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy simultaneously(A+T), 39 children underwent adenoidectomy(A) and 4 tonsillectom(T) only. 124 children who underwent tonsillectomy were subdivided into two groups based on history(with or without a history of recurrent tonsillitis). 71 children with the history were enrolled in the 'recurrent tonsillitis group' and 53 children without the history were enrolled in 'non- recurrent tonsillitis group'.RESULTS Of the total 120 cases who underwent A+T, 114(95.00%) cases had same distribution of bacteria detected in both sides in the same patient. Besides this, 17 cases in whom mixed organisms were identified in both sites shared common pathogen. No significant difference in the detection rates of staphylococcus aureus and haemophilus influenzae were found when we compared seasons(Tonsil:χ2=8.538,P=0.201; Adenoid:χ2=5.427, P=0.490). No significant difference in the type and detection rate of essential bacteria was found when we compared between recurrent tonsillitis group and 'non-recurrent tonsillitis group' (χ2=3.028,P=0.387).CONCLUSION The bacterial isolates from the tonsils and adenoids are virtually identical in type and detection rate in the same SDB patient. The bacterial distribution of the tonsillar and adenoidal core is unaffected by the seasonal variation and history of recurrent tonsillitis.

Objective To analyse distribution and antibacterial resistance status of pathogenic bacteria isolated from blood cul‐tures of hospitalized infants ,in order to provide references for rational use of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of bloodstream infection .Methods A total of 299 strains of pathogenic bacteria isolated from positive blood culture specimens from infants(3 or less than 3 months of age) suspected with bloodstream infections in this hospital from January 2011 to May 2015 were collected ,the bacteria identification and drug sensitivity test were carried out by using the VITEK 2 Compact automatic microorganism analyzer . The composition and antibacterial resistance of these isolates were analyzed .Results Among the 299 strains of pathogenic bacteria , there were 169 strains of gram‐positive cocci(accounted for 56 .5% ) ,including 95 strains of coagulase negative Staphylococcus (ac‐counted for 31 .8% ) which was the main isolates ,and followed by 28 strains of Staphylococcus aureus(accounted for 9 .4% );there were 120 strains of gram‐negative bacilli (accounted for 40 .1% ) and mainly were Escherichia coli (53 strains ,accounted for 17 .7% );otherwise ,there were 8 strains of fungi (accounted for 2 .7% ) and 2 strains of gram‐positive bacillus (accounted for 0 .7% ) .The results of drug susceptibility test indicated that the gram‐positive cocci had multiple drug resistance to antibacterial a‐gents except for vancomycin and linezolid;the gram‐negative bacilli shown multiple drug resistance except for amikacin ,imipenem and meropenem .The fungus ,however ,displayed high sensitivty to all antifungal drugs .Conclusion Gram‐positive and gram‐nega‐tive bacteria are the main pathogens of hospitalized infants with bloodstream infection ,and are severely resistant to antibacterial a‐gents .Rational use of antimicrobial agents should be recommend for improving clinical efficacy and prohibiting the emergence of drug‐resistant strains .

In order to scientifically classify ancient TCM literature and promote the development and use of the literature, this paper combs the classification methods used in the bibliography literature, the modern databases and the libraries of TCM, analyzes the features of the classification methods, summarizes the existing problems in the classify of ancient TCM literature, and proposes the solutions.