OBJECTIVE: To illustrate the Canadian drug regulatory system.METHODS: Literature review and descriptive analysis.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Based on the Canadian health system and drug market,the Canadian drug regulatory system is an integrated system in terms of its regulation on drug approval,price review as well as reimbursement management.

OBJECTIVE:To illustrate the drug expenditure and drug price regulation in Canada for reference by China. METHODS: Literature review and descriptive analysis was conducted. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: It was estimated in 2007 the drug expenditure in Canada accounted for 16.8% of national health expenditure, and the per capita drug expenditure was estimated to be 818 Canadian dollars. The regulation of drug price in Canada includes monitoring and reporting of both patented drugs and non-patented drugs. Reference pricing is applied in patented drugs review process, and corresponding methodologies regarding international and domestic comparison are clearly designed.

On the basis of a retrospective summary of the policies for foreign-invested hospitals in China,this paper analyzed the main issues facing wholly foreign-owned hospitals and suggested a basket of strategies to promote the development of such hospitals in China (Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone.

OBJECTIVE:To study the relationship between the price-lowering policy and the shortage of low-price essential medicines.METHODS:We expounded the practice of price-lowering policy in China and its effect on the production and circulation of low-price essential medicines,and analyzed the shortage problem of the low-price essential medicines using economic equilibrium analysis.RESULTS:The shortage of low-price essential medicines mainly manifested as shortage of supply,and the price-lowering policy has enlarged the gap between market demand and the supply of low price essential medicines.CONCLUSION:The national essential medicine policy should provide institutional protection for reasonable drug price level as well as the production and supply of low-price essential medicines,and the simple price-lowering policy must evolve to be included in the comprehensive institutional "healthcare reform" strategy.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the cost of 4 kinds of second-line drug treatment regimes(docetaxel, pemetrexed, gefitinib,and erlotinib)for non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC). METHODS: The utilization information of medical resources in the NSCLC treatment regimes was collected from experts who were familiar with NSCLC treatment. The costs of 4 kinds of second-line drug treatment regimes were calculated using micro-simulation method. RESULTS: The costs of every cycle period(3 weeks)were 12 237.02 yuan for docetaxel regime, 12 102.82 yuan for gefitinib, 27 614.93 yuan for pemetrexed and 14 272.76 yuan for erlotinib. CONCLUSION: Gifitinib is not inferior to docetaxel in terms of pharmaeconomics for those with 6 months or longer period of anticipated progression-free survival.

Acupuncture Therapy ; China ; Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; Public Health

Acupuncture ; education ; trends ; Biomedical Research ; trends ; China ; Humans ; Philosophy

This paper systematically analyzed the concept of patients'trust based on a study of the literatures and compared patients'trust with patients'satisfaction. The conclusion is that patients'trust plays a key role on the quality improvements of medical services.

The implantation of the foldable multifocal intraocular lens,a new pseudophakia intraocular substitute,needs only a small incision and the post-operative complications are rare.The incoming light can be refracted into several fo-cuses.Improved visual acuities both for far and near distance are obtained,which downregulated the glasses-wearing rate.This article summarizes the theories and designs,implantation,clinical application,theropeutic outcomes,and complications of this type of multifocal intraocular lens.

Objective To explore the effect of insulin glargine combined with carbose onblood glucose attaining standard and pancreatic β cell function of type 2 diabetic patients.Methods 70 type 2 diabetic patients were divided into observation group and control group.All the patients got fundamental treatment as diet control and physical exercise.Patients of observing group got extra treatment as using insulin glargine combined with carbose,while patients of control group got extra treatment as using premixed insulin 30R(isophane protamine biosynthetic human insulin),all the treatment lasted for 8 weeks.Results 8 weeks after treatment,the rate of reaching standard of FBG and 2h postprandial plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (95.0％,85.0％ and 77.5％) of observing group were significantly higher than those of control group (77.5％,62.5％ and 55.0％) (x2 =5.16,5.23 and 4.53,all P ＜0.05).The levels of FCP and PCP increased significantly in both groups than that of before treatment (t =2.43,2.32,2.28,2.19,all P ＜ 0.05),and the change of observation group was more obviously than that of control group (t =2.17,2.13,all P ＜ 0.05).The occurrence rate of hypoglycemia of observation group was significantly lower than that of control group(x2 =4.11,P ＜0.05).Conclusion Treating diabetic patient by insulin glargine combined with acarbose has high safety,and helps to reach the standard of FBG and glycosylated hemoglobin,reduce the incurrence rate of hypoglycemia,protect and improve the function of pancreatic 3 cell,and postpone the beginning and progress of complication.