Air pollution has a comprehensive impact on human health, and PM2.5 exposure has become a research hotspot due to its special biohazard effect.Especially for children, environmental PM2.5 exposure has a profound impact on the occurrence and development of airway inflammation-related diseases.PM2.5 exposure can significantly increase the incidence of childhood asthma and the risk of asthma exacerbation, can increase respiratory tract symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and can increase the risk of lung cancer.PM2.5 exposure can lead to infiltration of airway inflammatory cells, up-regulation of helper T lymphocytes 17 and their corresponding cytokines and down-regulation of Treg cells and their cytokines, regulation of airway inflammation through aryl hydrocarbon receptor and Toll-like receptors (TLR)2/TLR4/medullary differentiation factor 88 signaling pathways, and induction of oxidative stress by increasing the production of reactive oxygen and depletion of antioxidant reserves.It may also affect offspring health through epigenetics.PM2.5 exposure can be addressed through enhanced outdoor and indoor health care and preventive drug therapy.It also poses a challenge to clean up the environment and how to effectively control air pollution and reduce PM2.5 from the source and policy level.

Soluble growth stimulating express gene 2(sST2)is a member of Toll/IL-1 receptor superfamily.sST2 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases in children.Under normal circumstances, the concentration of sST2 in serum is very low, but the level of sST2 in serum of children with respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma and community-acquired pneumonia increased significantly.sST2 blocks the IL-33 signaling pathway in airway inflammation, so serum sST2 levels can predict the severity of childhood asthma.sST2 can also be used as a prognostic marker of community-acquired pneumonia.This paper reviews the mechanism, clinical characteristics and prognosis of sST2 in children with asthma and community-acquired pneumonia, so as to lay a foundation for guiding clinical identification and treatment of respiratory diseases in children.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of a myoelectricity-driven hand robot on the recovery of hand motor function early after a stroke.Methods Thirty stroke survivors were randomly assigned to either a control group (n=15) or an experimental group (n =15).Both groups received routine rehabilitation exercises,while the experimental group additionally received hand training using a robotic hand exoskeleton.Before and after 4 weeks of treatment,the motor function of the wrist and fingers in both groups were measured using the Fugl-Meyer assessment.Spasticity in the index,middle,ring and little fingers was quantified using the modified Ashworth scale.The muscle force of the fourth finger,thumb and all of the fingers during maximum voluntary extension and flexion were recorded using the robot's surface electromyography system.Results Significant increases in the average Fugl-Meyer scores in both groups were observed after 4 weeks of treatment,but the experimental group's average score was by then significantly higher than that of the control group.The experimental group's average Ashworth score and the average sEMG amplitudes were also significantly better than those of the control group.Conclusion Supplementing routine rehabilitation exercises with a hand robot can improve hand motor function and muscle force significantly,as well as relieving hand spasticity early after a stroke.