No abstract available.
Lithium*

No abstract available.
Lithium Chloride* ; Lithium*

Thyroid storm and thionamide-induced agranulocytosis are both rare and serious medical emergencies. We report a case of a patient in which these two rare events simultaneously occurred. A 33-year-old male, maintained on Methimazole for Graves’ Disease, presented with fever, throat pain, and uncontrolled thyrotoxic symptoms. Methimazole was promptly discontinued. Thyroid storm was alternatively treated with lithium, hydrocortisone, and propranolol. Agranulocytosis was managed supportively with GCSF and empiric antibiotics. Lithium was maintained until after radioablation. When thionamides are contraindicated, lithium is a viable option for the acute management of thyroid storm and a bridge to definitive therapy.
Methimazole ; Lithium

Lithium, prescribed for bipolar disorder, is known to induce thyroid dysfunction, most commonly hypothyroidism. Thyrotoxicosis due to lithium-induced painless thyroiditis is a rare complication. We have previously reported that the serum concentration of immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP), an α1-acid glycoprotein, increased during the acute phase of subacute thyroiditis, but was within the normal range in patients with painless thyroiditis. In the present case, a 31-year-old woman, receiving long-term lithium therapy for bipolar disorder, had a recurrent episode of painless thyroiditis, and her serum IAP was increased. The pathogenic mechanism for lithium-associated painless thyroiditis may differ from that of autoimmune conditions.
Thyroiditis ; Lithium measurement ; Lithium ; PROTEIN.IMMUNOACIDIC ; Painless

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the translucency of shaded zirconia all-ceramic systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Translucency of 3 different zirconia all-ceramic systems colored by different techniques was compared with a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max Press). Square-shaped specimens with 0.5 mm thickness were fabricated from In-Ceram YZ, ICE Zirkon and Katana systems in A1, A2 and A3.5 shades according to Vitapan Classical shade tab (n=11). Specimens were then veneered and glazed with corresponding veneer ceramic recommended by each zirconia system manufacturer and the total thickness was set to 1.5 mm. Translucency measurements were performed with VITA Easyshade Compact spectrophotometer after each stage and translucency parameter was calculated. Data were statistically analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison test. RESULTS: The control group was significantly more translucent than the zirconia systems (P<.05). ICE Zirkon cores showed the least translucency; neither In-Ceram YZ nor Katana systems were superior to each other in terms of translucency. Translucency of all specimens was decreased after veneering, and the translucency rankings were changed. CONCLUSION: Coloring technique did not have a significant effect on translucency of zirconia cores. Although zirconia systems were less translucent than lithium disilicate glass ceramic, they had partial translucency and there were translucency differences among the zirconia systems. Chroma affected the translucency of precolored zirconia cores.
Ceramics ; Glass ; Ice ; Lithium

PURPOSE: Translucency and colour stability are two most important aspects for an aesthetic dental restoration. Glass ceramic restorations are popular amongst clinicians because of their superior aesthetic properties. In the last decade, zirconia has generated tremendous interest due to its favorable mechanical and biological properties. However, zirconia lacks the translucency that lithium disilicate materials possess and therefore has limitations in its use, especially in esthetically demanding situations. There has been a great thrust in research towards developing translucent zirconia materials for dental restorations. The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the transmittance of a translucent variant of zirconia to lithium disilicate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two commercially available zirconia materials (conventional and high translucency) and 2 lithium disilicate materials (conventional and high translucency) with standardized dimensions were fabricated. Transmittance values were measured for all samples followed by a microstructural analysis using a finite element scanning electron microscope. One way analysis of variance combined with a Tukey-post hoc test was used to analyze the data obtained (P=.05). RESULTS: High translucency lithium disilicate showed highest transmittance of all materials studied, followed by conventional lithium disilicate, high translucency zirconia and conventional zirconia. The difference between all groups of materials was statistically significant. The transmittance of the different materials correlated to their microstructure analysis. CONCLUSION: Despite manufacturers' efforts to make zirconia significantly more translucent, the transmittance values of these materials still do not match conventional lithium disilicate. More research is required on zirconia towards making the material more translucent for its potential use as esthetic monolithic restoration.
Ceramics ; Esthetics ; Glass ; Lithium*

No abstract available.
Apraxias ; Eyelids ; Lithium

PURPOSE: Pre-surface treatments of coping materials have been recommended to enhance the bonding to the veneering ceramic. Little is known on the effect on shear bond strength, particularly with new coping material. The aim of this study was to investigate the shear bond strength of veneering ceramic to three coping materials: i) metal alloy (MA), ii) zirconia oxide (ZO), and iii) lithium disilicate (LD) after various pre-surface treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two (n = 32) discs were prepared for each coping material. Four pre-surface treatments were prepared for each sub-group (n = 8); a) no treatment or control (C), b) sandblast (SB), c) acid etch (AE), and d) sandblast and acid etch (SBAE). Veneering ceramics were applied to all discs. Shear bond strength was measured with a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparisons tests. RESULTS: Mean shear bond strengths were obtained for MA (19.00 ± 6.39 MPa), ZO (24.45 ± 5.14 MPa) and LD (13.62 ± 5.12 MPa). There were statistically significant differences in types of coping material and various pre-surface treatments (P<.05). There was a significant correlation between coping materials and pre-surface treatment to the shear bond strength (P<.05). CONCLUSION: Shear bond strength of veneering ceramic to zirconia oxide was higher than metal alloy and lithium disilicate. The highest shear bond strengths were obtained in sandblast and acid etch treatment for zirconia oxide and lithium disilicate groups, and in acid etch treatment for metal alloy group.
Alloys ; Ceramics* ; Lithium

No abstract available.
Calcium* ; Lithium* ; Parathyroid Hormone*

Objectives: This paper aims to report on a case in which re-challenging with clozapine in combination with lithium in a patient who developed neutropenia was carried out. Methods: The patient was treated with clozapine for treatmentresistant schizophrenia. After five weeks he showed much improvement but developed neutropenia. Withdrawal of clozapine brought on a relapse of psychotic symptoms. Subsequently, clozapine was reintroduced along with Lithium. The neutrophil count was monitored closely. Results: The neutrophil and white blood cell count were noted to return to normal upon re-challenging, and the patient’s clinical condition also improved. Conclusion: Simultaneous administration of lithium and clozapine to patients experiencing neutropenia on clozapine is a possible strategy. However, very close monitoring of the white count is needed.
Clozapine ; Lithium ; Neutropenia ; Schizophrenia