The aim of the present study was to investigate the CGRP-IR pattern in the ureter in stone-implanted rats and ureteral formalin irritated rats. Artificial ureteral stone rats were made according to Giamberardino's guide lines. For urethral formalin irritated rats, a small amount of diluted formalin was instilled into the ureter. The behavioral characteristics were observed and recorded with CCTV and analyzed, statistically. The rats showing characteristic visceral episode were sacrificed three days after stone implantation operation and after overnight chemical irritation followed by immunostaining of the ureter with anti-CGRP on the ureter In the artificial ureteral stone rats, CGRP IR fiber pattern showed variable changes on the upper portion of the stone implanted ureter. i.e., complete depletion, reticular pattern, and reticular pattern with more increased CGRP immunoreactivity were observed. In contrast, more-distinct CGRP IR fibers formed a reticular pattern but were not increased in density in the formalin irritated ureter. The results show the variable changing pattern of CGRP immunoreactivity in the ureter after artificial urethral calculosis, and the constant CGRP immunoreactivity in the ureter after chemical ureteral irritation.
Animals ; Formaldehyde ; Lithiasis ; Rats* ; Ureter*

Through 10 cases of calculus of the pancreas chronical pancreatitis calcified in head, trunk and tail of the pancreas, associated with the dilatation of the main duct of pancreas (6/10 patients were alcoholism, 10/10 had got abdomen pain treated internally, 10/10 ahd weight loss, 3/10 with the syndrom of bile obstruction, 2/10 with diabetes) operated by a combing surgery of Frey and Beger method, without death. Premiminary results showed that the pain was reduced, chronical pancreatitis was controlled and the complications for neighbourhood organs caused by this condition, such as bile obstruction, main bile duct obstruction..) were prevented. The excretion and endocrinological functions of the pancreas were preserved, living quality was obviously improved.
Surgery ; Therapeutics ; Pancreatitis, Chronic ; Lithiasis ; Pancreas

A study was made on 40 cases of urolithiasis and 40 cases of control group to show the relationship between stone formation and urinary excretion and serum level of calcium and phosphorus. This study was also made to show the relationship between urinary excretion of calcium and phosphorus and the chemical composition of stones. Followings were the results: 1. The urinary excretion of calcium per day is higher in the lithiasis group than in the control group. Control group : 126.3+/-63.5mg/day Lithiasis group : 182.5+/-73.5mg/day 2. The urinary excretion of phosphorus per day is not significantly different between the lithiasis group and the control group. Control group : 588+/-223mg/day Lithiasis group : 548+/-178mg/day 3. The variance of urinary calcium concentration is not significantly different between the lithiasis group and the control group. Control group : 72.3+/-44.9 micro gm/ml Lithiasis group : 84.5+/-45.8 micro gm/ml 4. The incidence of high urine-calcium values (>180mg/day) is greater in the lithiasis group (50%) than in the control group (22.5%). 5. The incidence of high urine-calcium values(>180mg/day) decreases in the following order : mixed calcium oxalate-calcium phosphate stone (63.6%), calcium oxalate stone (33.3%), calcium phosphate stones (33.3%), control group (22.5%), other types of stone (0%). 6. 87.5% of stone patients had normal serum-calcium values (8.6-11.0mg%) and one patient (2.5%) had higher level than the normal. The results suggest that the urinary excretion of calcium per day is an important factor in stone formation and it appears to influence the types of stone formed.
Calcium ; Calcium Oxalate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lithiasis ; Phosphorus ; Urolithiasis*

Surgery of renal lithiasis has progressed considerably during the past 20 years. The first of many advances was an intrasinusal approach to the renal pelvis, which has allowed removal of calculi through the collecting system without causing damage to the renal parenchyma or its vessels. The second was substitution of the longitudinal pyelotomy with a transverse pyelotomy. We present a surgical observation on 43 cases of renal stones during the period from March, 1981 to April, 1983 on the Department of Urology of Masan Korea hospital, in Masan. Pyelolithotomy was performed in 19 patients, nephrectomy in 12, extended pyelolithotomy in 11 and partial nephrectomy in one patient.
Calculi ; Humans ; Kidney Pelvis ; Korea ; Lithiasis ; Nephrectomy ; Urology

Prostatic calculosis is a physiological feature of the aging process, but it plays an important role in prostatic diseases. Recently we have evaluated the size and location of prostatic calculi in 314 patients with prostatic disease during the period from Aug. 1991 to Feb. 1992 using transrectal ultrasonogram. Prostatic calculi over 3 mm in diameter (with strone echo and posterior acoustic shadow) were observed 12% (3/26) in normal control group, 26% (47/170) in BPH and 20% (17/85) in chronic prostatitis. The incidence or size of prostatic calculi were increased with age. We classifed the calculi "central", when calculus located around the verumontanum or prostatic urethra and "peripheral", when calculus located peripherally. 76% of calculi with prostatitis were located centrally but 59% of calculi with BPH were located peripherally. 69% of calculi with symptom group (patients who complain of voiding dysfunction in 60 years or elder age group without BPH or other urologic diseases) were located centally. Prostatic calculi were also observed in four patients with hematospermia (4/6) and in five patients with-ejaculatory duct cyst (5/6). These results indicate that all prostatic calculi were not asymptomatic and transrectal ultrasonogram should be done to evaluate prostatism. The treatment modality can be chosen and the prognosis estimated by knowing the location and size of prostatic calculi.
Acoustics ; Aging ; Calculi* ; Hemospermia ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lithiasis ; Prognosis ; Prostatic Diseases ; Prostatism* ; Prostatitis ; Ultrasonography ; Urethra

PURPOSE: The object of our study was to examine the clinical significance of pediatric testicular microlithiasis (TM) as it relates to testicular cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven boys in whom TM was incidentally detected were followed for a mean of 51+/-44 months (range: 9-119 months) for testicular cancer surveillance. The average patient age at the initial diagnosis was 9.8+/-2.5 years. The frequency of coincidental TM detected on scrotal ultrasonography performed for all clinical purposes at our institution between January 1997 and January 2008 was investigated. Eighty-two testicular cancer patients and 1,006 noncancer patients underwent ultrasonography between 1997 and 2006, and these patients were divided into two age groups (children, age <15 years; adults, age > or =15 years) for purposes of analysis. RESULTS: Of the seven patients followed solely for TM, none developed testicular cancer during the surveillance period. Coincidental TM seen on scrotal ultrasonography was significantly higher in the testicular cancer patients than in the noncancer controls (11% (9/82) vs. 3.5% (36/1,006), p <0.0001). According to the age groups, TM was found in 6% and 5.8% of the testicular cancer patients and the noncancer controls, respectively, in the children's group, whereas in the adult group, 11.6% and 3.3% of the patients in the respective groups were found to have TM. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of testicular cancer development in children with incidentally detected TM was very low, and the incidence of coincidental TM in children with testicular cancer did not differ from that in the noncancer control patients. However, the significantly higher incidence of TM accompanying testicular cancer after puberty may suggest an association of the two pathologies, which would then mandate cancer surveillance in cases of incidentally detected TM in this age group.
Adult ; Calculi ; Child ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lithiasis ; Pediatrics ; Puberty ; Testicular Diseases ; Testicular Neoplasms ; Testis

PURPOSE: The target of our work was to study several biochemical parameters in phospho-calcic and bone metabolism in blood and urine and the bone mineral density of women with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a control group of 85 women divided into 3 groups: group 1 consisted of 25 women without a history of nephrolithiasis, group 2 consisted of 35 women with only one episode of calcium nephrolithiasis, and group 3 consisted of 25 women with a history of recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis. Blood and urine biochemical study was performed, including markers related to lithiasis, and a bone mineral density study was done by use of bone densitometry. RESULTS: Patients in group 3 showed statistically significantly elevated calciuria (15.4 mg/dL), fasting calcium/creatinine ratio (0.14), and 24-hour calcium/creatinine ratio (0.21) compared with groups 1 and 2. Moreover, this group of women with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis had significantly elevated values of beta-crosslaps, a bone resorption marker, compared with groups 1 and 2 (p=0.000) and showed more bone mineral density loss than did these groups. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis in women has a significant association with bone mineral density loss and with values of calciuria, both fasting and 24-hour.
Bone Density ; Bone Resorption ; Calcium ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Fasting ; Female ; Humans ; Lithiasis ; Nephrolithiasis ; Urolithiasis

Urinary calculi are a rare clinical problem in kidney transplantation; the reported incidence is about 0.2% to 1.7%. The incidence is decreasing due to the use of absorbable suture stitches and the early treatment of hyperparathyroidism. Symptoms of renal transplant lithiasis are absent typical abdominal pain due to the denervated renal transplant. We experienced a case of obstructive uropathy due to urinary calculus in transplanted kidney. The stone was 9.8 mm sized and removed by ESWL. No further calculi have developed during observational period and renal function improved.
Abdominal Pain ; Calculi ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Incidence ; Kidney Transplantation ; Kidney* ; Lithiasis ; Lithotripsy* ; Shock* ; Sutures ; Urinary Calculi*

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), an asthmatic disease, is caused primarily by hypersensitivity to Aspergillus species. ABPA is rarely observed in the absence of asthma, which is, in fact, the principle criterion for its diagnosis. Here, we report the case of a 36-yr-old woman without a history of bronchial asthma, who manifested a localized pneumonic consolidation, coupled with broncholithiasis. Pathologic examinations of bronchoscopic biopsy specimens and resected surgical specimens revealed features typical of ABPA. This is a very rare case of ABPA coupled with broncholithiasis in a non-asthmatic individual.
Lithiasis/*complications/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Female ; Bronchial Diseases/*complications/*diagnosis ; Asthma ; Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary/*complications/*diagnosis ; Adult

Humans ; Lithiasis ; surgery ; Liver Diseases ; surgery ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Situs Inversus ; complications ; surgery