As the sciences advanced rapidly in the modern European world, outstanding achievements have been made in medicine, chemistry, biology, physiology, physics and others, which have been co-influencing each of the scientific disciplines. Accordingly, such medical and scientific phenomena began to be reflected in novels. In particular, Mary Shelley's Frankenstein includes the diverse aspects of the change and development in the medicine and science. Associated with medical and scientific information reflected in Frankenstein and Frankenstein's experiments in the text, accordingly, this research will investigate the aspects of medical and scientific development taking place in the nineteenth century in three ways. First, the medical and scientific development of the nineteenth century has been reviewed by summerizing both the information of alchemy in which Frankenstein shows his interest and the new science in general that M. Waldman introduces in the text. Second, the actual features of medical and scientific development have been examined through some examples of the experimental methods that M. Waldman implicitly uttered to Frankenstein. Third, it has been checked how the medical and scientific development is related to the main issues of mechanism and vitalism which can be explained as principles of life. Even though this research deals with the developmental process of medicine & science and origin & principles of life implied in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, its significance is that it is the interdisciplinary research focussing on how deeply medical and scientific discourse of Mary Shelley's period has been imbedded in the nineteenth century novel.
Biomedical Research/*history ; History, 19th Century ; Literature, Modern/*history ; *Medicine in Literature

Medical doctors in the Chosun Dynasty read Chinese literature of high level in order to take the medical civil service examination, but there are not many extant writings of theirs except some medical books. Middle class people's selections of poems such as Haedongyuju, Sodaepungyo, Pungyosokseon and Pungyosamseon were published, and among the list of the writers, those who were identified as medical doctors were Park Gun, Baek Heung jeon, Shin Myeong hee, Shin Hee myeong, Oh Chang ryeol, Yoo Dong yeok, etc. Even their works are not many, and this suggests that doctors' writing was not active except for medical books. Lee Hyeon yang (1783 1852), the author of Gokcheongsago, was born the only son of Lee Jaewoo (1750 1808), an acupuncturist at the Lee family from Ansan, which was an influential middleclass family. His pen name was changed from Gokcheong to Anrakwa, Yongheon and Gyeongsudang, and for each pen name, he wrote a foreword explaining the origin of the name and his resolution. The Lee family from Ansan produced 20 medical officials through eight generations from Lee Yoon yeong in the 7th generation to Lee Myeong ryun in the 15th generation. He learned medicine, his family occupation, diligently and passed the medical civil service examination in 1803 when he was 21. In addition, he studied Confucian scriptures enthusiastically and left many writing along with medical books. Based on the forewords in his anthology Gokcheongsago, there are eight writings of his as follows in chronological order: Suseongpyeongam(1798), Cheongimiyo(1799), Euihakjeongwon(1801), Gwangjebiyo(five volumes, 1810), Wonbyeonggiyo (1819), Bonchojeongeui(1826), Euiyakcheongji(1838), and Yeonghwaji (1843). He wrote not only medical books but also traditional Chinese texts in different styles. In the 180pages transcription, he as a medical doctor showed various writing styles based on Confucianism including 22 prologues and epilogues, 9 diaries, discussions and opinions, 2 biographies, 5 letters, 10 memorial addresses and condolence messages, and 8 miscellaneous writings. His writing attitude was different among the periods when preparing for the medical civil service examination, when acting as a medical doctor, and when working as a magistrate, and it shows medical doctors' life in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Acupuncture/history ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; Korea ; Literature, Modern/*history ; Public Sector/history

"Sikmulboncho" that is quoted several times to "Donguibogam(Medical Thesaurus of Korea)" published several times in 3 countries(Korea, China & Japan) as important data of botany study. Gapjinjache "Sikmulboncho", one of the bronze metal type, that exist our country was publicated in early Seonjo(1552-1608) era. Actually there are 3 items(Korea university collection, Asami library collection, Oksan seowon collection) of Gapjinjache Naeuiwonjabon one of the wooden type seen become publication after 1607 year. Bronze metal type composes the major part for Gapjinjabon, but wood type was also mixed much. Wooden type composes the major part for Naeuiwonjabon, while bronze type was little mixed. Bronze metal type disappears by wear class gradually to during 40 years and instead of this, used wood type was used. Foundation and base of this publication have formed in itself Eulhaejache Naeeuiwonjabon that start "Donguibogam" in process that do this way. Therefore, Naeeuiwon do not publish various medical books like a Naeeuiwonjabon suddenly in early 17th century. I can speak that is caused in experience and potential power that already publish this Gapjinjabon medical book ago by medical history.
Books/*history ; Botany/*history ; China ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; Japan ; Korea ; Literature, Modern/*history ; *Metals ; Printing/*history ; *Wood