Objective To study the gene mutation of a Chinese family with Alport syndrome and to perform preimplantation genetic diagnosis before embryo implantation.Methods Next generation sequence analysis was done for checking COL4A3,COL4A4 and COL4A5 genes in the Alport syndrome family members.Array comparative genomic hybridization(CGH) was used to detect the embryos.Results A mutation c.2605G ＞ A was found and identified in COL4A5 gene of all of the Alport syndrome patients in the family,but COL4A3 and COL4A3 genes were normal in all of the detected people.After searching for the mutation database,the mutation c.2605G ＞ A of COL4A5 gene was related to the X-linked dominant Alport syndrome.Three embryos were detected by using the preimplantation genetic diagnosis.Among these embryos,there were two male and one female.One of the male embryos was chromosomal aneuploidy,which was 45,XY,-16 and the other was normal.This normal embryo was implanted,and after 20 weeks the prenatal amniocentesis diagnosis approved that the fetus was normal.Conclusions The mutation of COL4A5 gene (c.2605 G ＞ A) is the cause of Alport syndrome in this family,which indicates that next generation sequence analysis proves to be an accurate and rapid method to detect Alport syndrome disease.Meanwhile array CGH can be used to reduce birth rates as a useful preimplantation genetic diagnosis method.

To study the function and potential application of nkx2.5, a critical gene for heart development, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus overexpressing nkx2.5 gene (Ad-Nkx2.5) with the AdEasy system. To evaluate the effect and mechanism of Ad-Nkx2.5 against oxidative injury, the H9c2 myocardial cells were infected with the recombinant adenoviruses Ad-Nkx2.5 or Ad-EGFP, and subsequently exposed to H2O2 to induce apoptosis. The anti-apoptotic potential of Ad-Nkx2.5 was validated by MTT assay for cell viability, Hoechst33342 staining for cellular morphology, and immunoblotting for caspase-3 activity. Ad-Nkx2.5 infection led to an increased survival rate of H9c2 cells and decreased the amount of caspase-3 in an active form. Additionally, overexpression of Nkx2.5 inhibited the release of cytochrome C from the mitochondria into the cytosol. Mechanismic studies showed that Nkx2.5 upregulated bcl-2 gene expression and significantly repressed H2O2-induced expression of bax detected by Real-time PCR. Additionally, H2O2 treatment did not affect the nuclear localization of Nkx2.5. These findings indicate that adenovirus-mediated nkx2.5 gene transfer exerted a protective effect on H9c2 cells against H2O2-induced apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway, and the Nkx2.5-mediated expression modulation of apoptosis-associated genes could be involved in this event.
Adenoviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5 ; Homeodomain Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; pharmacology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transcription Factors ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo detect mutation of COL1A1 gene in a Chinese family affected with type I osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and to provide prenatal diagnosis for a fetus at 17th gestational week.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing and restriction endonuclease analysis were used to verify the detected mutation among other members of the family and 100 healthy controls.

RESULTSNo mutation has been detected in the COL1A2 gene in all of the subjects. A heterozygous mutation c.104-1G>C was identified in the COL1A1 gene among all patients from this family. The same mutation was not found in other members from the family and the 100 healthy controls. The mutation was not found in the fetus, and was verified to be a new mutation according to the type I collagen mutation database.

CONCLUSIONThe c.104-1G>C mutation of the COL1A1 gene probably underlies the type I osteogenesis imperfecta in this family. Under the premise of a clear genetic diagnosis, prenatal diagnosis may be provided to reduce the risk for the disease.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Child, Preschool ; Collagen Type I ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Fetal Diseases ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo analyze a child with mental retardation, growth retardation and language development disorders.

METHODSConventional G-banding analysis was performed on chromosomes cultivated from peripheral blood samples derived from the child and her parents. Array-comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was performed to detect minor structural chromosomal abnormalities, and the result was confirmed by short tandem repeats (STR) analysis.

RESULTSFor the child and her parents, no karyotypic abnormality was detected. However, aCGH analysis has identified a 14q22.1 deletion in the child. The microdeletion, with a size of 2.9 Mb was confirmed by STR analysis.

CONCLUSIONThe 2.9 Mb chromosomal microdeletion probably underlies the mental retardation, growth retardation and language development disorders in the child.

Abnormalities, Multiple ; genetics ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; Female ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Phenotype

OBJECTIVETo screen potential mutations of PRRT2 gene in a Chinese family affected with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD).

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing and restriction endonuclaese analysis were used to analyze all members of the family.

RESULTSA heterozygous mutation c.649dupC was identified in the PRRT2 gene in all patients, while no similar mutation was found in healthy members from the family.

CONCLUSIONThe c.649dupC mutation of the PRRT2 gene probably underlies the PKD in this family. Prenatal diagnosis can reduce the risk for further birth of affected children for this family.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Dystonia ; genetics ; Female ; Frameshift Mutation ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; genetics ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo determine the origin of chromosomal aberration for a girl with mental retardation and multiple congenital deformities.

METHODSThe karotypes of the girl and her parents were analyzed with routine G-banding .Their genomic DNA was also analyzed with array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). Short tandem repeats (STR) were used to confirm the results of aCGH.

RESULTSThere were no karyotypic abnormality detected at cytogenetic level. aCGH identified a de novo 1.28 Mb deletion at 2p15-p16.1 in the girl. The results of the STR confirmed the deletion affected the maternal chromosome.

CONCLUSIONThe de novo interstitial 2p15-p16.1 deletion may cause the mental retardation and multiple congenital deformities. chr2:60.5-61.5 Mb may be the minimal common region of 2p15-p16.1 microdeletion syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Adolescent ; Chromosome Banding ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Disorders ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2 ; genetics ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Microsatellite Repeats ; genetics ; Phenotype ; Syndrome

OBJECTIVE To detect potential mutations of the EXT1 and EXT2 genes in a pedigree affected with hereditary multiple exostosis (HME). METHODS For a four-generation family with 7 affected individuals from 17 family members,genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood samples. All exons of the EXT1 and EXT2 genes were screened for potential mutation by PCR and Sanger sequencing. RESULTS A novel heterozygous frameshift mutation c.1202delT (p.I401Tfs*2)was found in exon 4 of the EXT1 gene in the proband and the other 6 affected individuals. The same mutation was not detected among the healthy members from the family. The mutation has given rise a truncated EXT1 protein with loss of 345 amino acids. CONCLUSION A novel frameshift mutation of the EXT1 gene has been identified in a pedigree affected with HME, which has enriched the mutational spectrum of the EXT1 gene and may facilitate genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for the family.

OBJECTIVETo analyze a child with facial abnormalities with combined cytogenetic and molecular techniques and delineate its clinical phenotype.

METHODSNeuropsychological profile of the child was analyzed. Color Doppler, CT and MRI were used for detecting the nodules in the body. Conventional peripheral blood karyotypes of the child and his parents were analyzed with G-banding. Array-comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was performed to detect minor structural chromosomal abnormalities.

RESULTSThe child had mental retardation, maxillofacial dysmorphism on the right side, and irregular solid nodules on the back. The karyotypes of the child and his parents were all normal, while aCGH has identified a de novo constitutive 1.2 Mb deletion at 17q11.2 in the child. The aCGH results of his parents were normal.

CONCLUSIONThe de novo 17q11.2 microdeletion probably underlies the facial abnormalities and neurofibromatosis in the patient.

Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Banding ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; genetics ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; genetics ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Maxillofacial Abnormalities ; genetics ; Phenotype ; Smith-Magenis Syndrome ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic basis for a fetus suspected for congenital nephrotic syndrome of Finland (CNF). METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral and umbilical cord blood samples derived from both parents and the fetus. Potential variants were detected by using next-generation sequencing. Suspected variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: The fetus was found to carry compound heterozygous variants c.1440+1G>A and c.925G>T of the NPHS1 gene, which were respectively inherited from its mother and father. CONCLUSION Identification of the compound heterozygous NPHS1 variants has enabled diagnosis of CNF in the fetus and genetic counseling for the affected family.
Female ; Fetus ; Finland ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; congenital ; diagnosis ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic basis for a family with non-syndromic autosomal recessive deafness. METHODS: The proband and her parents were subjected to physical and audiological examinations. With genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood samples, next-generation sequencing was carried out using a panel for deafness genes. Suspected mutation was validated by Sanger sequencing and qPCR analysis of her parents. RESULTS: The proband presented bilateral severe sensorineural hearing loss at three days after birth. Her auditory threshold was 110-120 dBnHL but with absence of vestibular and retinal symptoms. Her brother also had deafness but her parents were normal. No abnormality was found upon physical examination of her family members, while audiological examination showed no middle ear or retrocochlear diseases. Next-generation sequencing identified compound heterozygous mutations of the MYO7A gene, including a previously known c.462C>A (p. Cys154Ter) and a novel EX43_46 Del, which were respectively derived from her mother and father. CONCLUSION The compound heterozygous mutations of the MYO7A gene probably underlie the disease in this family. Our findings has enriched the mutation spectrum for non-syndromic autosomal recessive deafness 2.
Female ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; genetics ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Myosins ; genetics ; Pedigree