OBJECTIVE To measure the dexamethasone concentration in the cochlear tissue after postaurical and intramuscular administration. METHODS After bilateral adrenalectomy,animals were divided into three groups:postaurical injection group,intramuscular injection group,and physiological saline injected blank control group.At 0.25,0.5, 2.5,5,12,24,72 h after injection(1mg/100g), cochleae together with the intact endolymphatic sac were removed and homogenated.After that, the dexamethasone was detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).RESULTS The dexamethasone levels in the cochlear tissue in postaurical injection group were significantly higher than that in the intramuscular injection group.In the postaurical administration group,a mean peak cochlear tissue concentration of(175.2?36.0) ng/ml was detected at 0.25 h after injection,then declined obviously 12 h and was below detection limits by 24h.While in the intramuscular administration group, a mean peak concentration was observed 2.5 h at the concentration of(141.1?8.9) ng/ml,then rapidly declined from 5h and beyond detection by 24 h.CONCLUSION Compared with intramuscular administration,the dexamethasone levels in the postaurical injection group were significantly higher, with peak concentration reached earlier,and last longer.

Objective To investigate the effect of Buyanghuanwu decoction(BYHWD) on the expression of growth-associated protein 43(GAP-43) and synaptophysin(SYP) after focal cerebral ischemia in mice.Methods Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by 30 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion.BYHWD (20 g/kg) was administered orally 24 h after ischemia and once a day.The neurological score and the corner test were used to evaluate sensorimotor function on 1,3,7,and 14 days after ischemia.The expression of GAP-43 and SYP in the ischemic boundary zone was determined by immunohistochemistry 14 days after ischemia.Results Compared with the model group,BYHWD significantly ameliorated neurological dysfunction at 3,7 and 14 days and reduced the number of right turn at 7 and 14 days after ischemia(P ＜ 0.05).The average optical density of GAP-43 and SYP was 0.217 ±0.012 and 0.278 ±0.019 at the boundary zone in model group 14 days after ischemia,respectively.BYHWD also significantly increased the immunoreactivity of GAP-43 (0.250 ± 0.013)and SYP(0.323 ± 0.017) (P＜ 0.01).Conclusion BYHWD promotes axonal regeneration and synaptic plasticity in the ischemic boundary zone,which may contribute to functional recovery after focal cerebral ischemia.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common intrahepatic primary liver tumor after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Epidemiological study suggests a strong correlation between HBV infection and ICC development.This review focused on the potential mechanisms of HBV-induced ICC and gives a primary summary of suggested hypothesis,which included:(1) HBV infection of liver stem/progenitor cells will indirectly lead to HBV infection of intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells and lead to the development of ICC; (2) the changed microenvironment of intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells by HBV infection eventually results in carcinogenesis ; (3) the HBV infection of hepatic sten/progenitor cell can transform into tumor-like stem cells and ultimately differentiate into ICC-like tumor cells.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the modified balloon dilatation intervention on the pharyngeal constriction function of the brainstem stroke survivors with dysphagia using videofluoroscopy-based digital analysis.Methods Thirty brainstem stroke survivors with pharyngeal dysphagia were recruited and randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,with 15 in each.The treatment group was treated with the modified balloon dilatation in addition to the routine treatment of 30min,respectively,once a daily,3 days a week,whiled a control group was treated with routine treatment of 30min twice a day,3 days a week.Before and after the treatment,the rate and duration of pharyngeal constriction were measured in both groups.Results After the treatment,the rate of pharyngeal constriction in the treatment group was (0.20 ± 0.030),(0.14 ± 0.05) and (0.15 ± 0.04) when swallowing thin liquid,thick liquid and pasty food,significantly better than before the treatment.The duration of the pharyngeal constriction was (990.34 ±96.14),(1010.47 ± 133.64) and (1180.10 ± 121.27) ms,respectively,also significantly better than before the treatment.In the control group,significant differences were also observed in the rate and duration of pharyngeal constriction before and after the treatment.Conclusions Digital analysis based on videofluoroscopy can be used to quantify swallowing function effectively,and the rate and duration of pharyngeal constriction can be used to evaluate the pharyngeal function before and after treatment.

Objective To investigate the possible pathway of FITC-dextran to the cochlea after post-aural injection.Methods The FITC-dextran(weight between 3 000~5 000) was chosen as a tracer in this study.A total of 200 suckling mice were randomly divided into four groups, with 50 in each group.Each animal was then administered with FITC-dextran or dextran via either post-auricular or intra-muscular injection, to a total dose of 20 μl (5 mg/ml).Samples were obtained at 0, 1/12, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 3, 5, 7, 12, and 24 hours after adminstmiceion, and the confocal technique was used to observe the distribution of the tracer.Taking into consideration the influence of spontaneous fluorescence, the fluorescence intensity ratio of the experimental and control groups was used as the final statistical data.Results FITC-dextran injected intramuscularly group: The fluorescence signal can be detected in the sigmoid sinus(SS) 3h after management, while in endolymphatic sac and cochlea at 12 h.FITC-dextran injected post-aurally group: After administration, an obvious fluorescence signal could be observed in the sigmoid sinus and endolymphatic sac immediately, cochlea at 30 min.The signal of the sigmoid sinus, endolymphatic sac and cochlea gradually increased successively, peaked at 5~15 min, 30 min and 60 min, and then decreased gradually.At 12 h, another small increases appeared, and the signal could not be detected at 24 h.Conclusion Compared with intramuscularly application, post-auricular injection can allow the drug to directly reach the endolymph.It is possible that the tracer first gathered in the SS via local blood circulation or infiltration, then entered the ES via micro-circulation around, and eventually arrived at the cochlea.

Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect ofexternal application ofChinese herbal medicine film plus acupoint-injection on breast hyperplasia.Methods:The 120 cases ofbreast hyperplasia with syndrome ofthe liver failing to maintain the normal flow ofqi were randomly divided into treatment group(40cases) which was treated by external application ofChinese herbal medicine film plus acupoint-injection, acupoint-injection group(40 cases) and control group(40cases).The changes ofsymptoms and signs, level ofserum sexual hormone and color doppler ultrasound analysis ofthree group were observed for comparison.Results:After 1 course oftreatment, the total effective rate oftreatment group was obviously higher than that ofcontrol group(P0.05).After 2 courses oftreatment, the total effective rate oftreatment group and acupoint-injection group was obviously higher than that ofcontrol group(P

0\^05). Conclusion MMP\|2 and MMP\|9 may serve as indicators of invasion and malignant phenotype.Neither of them can represent the phenotype of metastasis,but both can represent that of matrix degradation.Moreover,MMP\|9 may play more important role in glioma invasion than does MMP\|2.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and diagnosis-treatment of pancreatic lymphoma presenting as acute pancreatitis.Methods The clinical records of 7 patients including laboratory findings were retrospectively reviewed.Some related medical literatures were reviewed.Results Seven patients presented acute abdominal pain.Laboratory findings revealed significant increase of serum amylase and lipase levels.CT scan of the abdomen or PET-CT showed a diffuse swelling of the pancreas or masses in the body or tail.Extrapancreatic spread such as bone,bone marrow,spleen infiltrate was found out in 5 patients.Of the 7 patients,6 were diagnosed as the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,1 as the anaplastic large cell lymphoma.Six patients underwent systematic chemotherapy.Two died and the others received complete or part remission.Conclusion Pancreatic lymphoma is uncommon and represents a rare cause of acute pancreatitis.It needs to be confirmed by histopathologic examination.The standard treatment is not only for acute pancreatitis,but also for NHL including CHOP or CHOP-like chemotherapy.

AIM: To explore the regulatory effect of bifidobacteria adolescence on NF-?B in murine peritoneal macrophages(PMs).METHODS: Macrophages were collected and were divided into tow groups,normal control group and bifidobacterium stimulation groups.The cells were fixed at 60 min after stimulated with bifidobacterium at 10~6,10~7, 10~8 and 10~9 cells/L,or fixed respectively at 15,30,60,120 and 180 min after stimulated with bifidobacterium at 10~8 cells/L,then the total protein and nucleoprotein were extracted.The activities of NF-?B and I?B? were measured with the methods of MSA and Western blotting.RESULTS: NF-?B activity markedly increased and reached the peak at 0.5 h after stimulation,while I?B? markedly decreased at same time.CONCLUSION: NF-?B activity is markedly activated by bifidobacterium.NF-?B pathway participates in the regulation of peritoneal macrophage in this process.

Objective To explore the effect of theta-burst stimulation (TBS) of the motor cortex on the suprahyoid muscles and the mechanism through which the bilateral motor cortex regulates the suprahyoid muscles.Methods Continuous TBS (cTBS) was applied to the left motor cortex followed by intermittent TBS (iTBS) applied to the right motor cortex of 24 healthy subjects.The motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) of the suprahyoid muscles on both sides were recorded before the stimulation and after 15 and 30 minutes.The MEP amplitudes of the left and right suprahyoid muscles were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.Results Before stimulation, the average MEP amplitudes of the left and right suprahyoid muscles were (375.29 ± 176.09) μV and (368.17 ± 149.02) μV respectively, significantly lower than the values after the stimulation.Conclusion iTBS can distinctly enhance the excitability of the right motor cortex controlling the suprahyoid muscles and reverse the inhibition caused by cTBS applied to the left motor cortex.Clarifying the effect of TBS on the excitability of the bilateral motor cortex is important for the rehabilitation of dysphagic stroke survivors.