AIM:To establish quality standard for Compound Shenyi Granule(Fructus Jujubae,Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae,Radix et Rhizoma Salviae miltiorrhizae,Radix Rehmanniae).METHODS:Ziziphus jujuba Mill、Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch、Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge、Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.were identified by TLC.Glycy-rrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid were determined by HPLC.The chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse?DB-C_ 18(4.6 mm?250 mm,5 ?m)column by a gradient elution with methanol and 2.5 % acetic acid at a flow-rate of 1.0 mL/min;the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm.RESULTS:TLC spots developed were fairly clear and the blank test showed no interference.The linear rangers were 1.135-9.08 ?g(r=0.999 3) for glycyrrhizic acid,0.71-5.68 ?g(r=0.999 7) for glycyrrhetinic acid,respectively.CONCLUSION:The methods is effective for the quality control of Compound Shenyi Granule.

In the present study, the accuracy of the 4-dimensional model single photon emission computed tomography (4D-MSPECT) and quantitative gated single photon emission computed tomography (QGS) was investigated for assessing left ventricular end-diastolic (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV) and ejection fraction (EF) from gated myocardial perfusion imaging (G-MPI) using left ventriculography (LVG) as reference. From December 2008 to June 2011, 85 patients, who underwent rest G-MPI and LVG (within 30 days) in West China Hospital, Sichuan University, were retrospectively recruited. EDV, ESV, and EF were calculated from G-MPI using 4D-MSPECT and QGS. Eighty-five patients (47 men, 38 women; age 57 +/- 13 years) were finally analyzed. Correlation between results of G-MPI and LVG was high for EDV, r = 0.89 (4D-MSPECT), r = 0.81 (QGS); ESV, r = 0.97 (4D-MSPECT), R = 0.95(QGS); EF, r = 0.95 (4D-MSPECT), r = 0.93 (QGS). 4D-MSPECT and QGS underestimated EDV significantly compared with LVG [(125 +/- 20) mL (4D-MSPECT), (118 +/- 39) mL (QGS), (131 +/- 33)mL (LVG)]. The ESV, 4D-MSPECT and QGS values did not differ significantly from LVG [(47 +/- 32) mL (4D-MSPECT), (53 +/- 29) mL (QGS), (49 +/- 37) mI (LVG)]. For LVEF, only QGS yielded values were significantly lower than LVG [61% +/- 21% (4D-MSPECT), 55% +/- 17% (QGS), and 63% +/- 19% (LVG)]. EDV, ESV, and EF as determined by 4D-MSPECT and QGS from G-MPI agree well with relevant values with LVG. However, Algorithm-inherent also showed slightly over- or under-estimation of volumes. Therefore, separated normal databases should be set up for each algorithm.
Aged ; Algorithms ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging ; Regression Analysis ; Software ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Ventricular Function, Left

Objective To evaluate the clinical application value of real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT-3D-TEE) in diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse(MVP).Methods Twenty patients with MVP with more than moderate mitral regurgitation referred for mitral valve repair (MVR) were studied.All patients underwent RT-3D-TEE and mitral valve quantification(MVQ) before MVR.The location of scallop lesions and ruptured mitral chordae tendineae for mitral valve were evaluated,and compared with surgical findings.Carpentier's nomenclature was applied to the mitral valve anatomic localization either RT-3D-TEE or surgery.There were three anterior leaflet scallops defined as A1,A2 and A3,and three posterior leaflet scallops defined as P1,P2 and P3.Results ① The shape and spatial structure of the scallop lesions and ruptured mitral chordae tendineae of mitral valve were clearly displayed by RT-3D-TEE,also could be observed through left atrium view and left ventricular view.② Compaired with surgical findings,RT-3D-TEE was of high sensitivity (100 ％),higher specificity (95.46 ％) and crude agreement (95.83％) in the location of P2,the positive likelihood ratio of location of P2 (22.03) was the biggest,the negative likelihood ratio (0) was the smallest.③ RT-3D-TEE had lower sensitivity (66.67％),specificity (83.76 ％) and crude agreement (83.33 ％) in the diagnosis of location of P1 than other locations,the positive likelihood ratio(4.11) was the smallest,the negative likelihood ratio (0.40) was the biggest.④ The sensitivity,specificity,crude agreement,positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio of RT-3D-TEE in diagnosis of ruptured mitral chordae tendineae accompanied by MVP were 100％,91.67％,95.00％,12.00,0 respectively.Conclusions RT-3D-TEE could clearly display the three-dimensional structure of the lesions of mitral valve.It was of better accuracy in diagnosis of the location of scallop lesions of mitral valve and the rupture of chordae tendineae,and was of important clinical application value in MVR.

Objective:To observe the changes of TLR4 and IL-6 expression in rats hippocampus CA1 region in remote ischemic postconditioning(RIP) and explore its significance.Methods: All the 72 male SD rats were divided into Sham group,Contrast group and RIP group randomly.Each group was divided into 4 time points:12h,24 h,48 h and 72 h group.There were 6 rats in each group.Use the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model which was established with modified Longa method as the contrast group.The method of RIP was to Fasten rats Posterior limbs by a tourniquet for 30 min immediately,then relax them for 30 min, repeat 3 times.To observe the pathological variation of hippocampus CA1 region by HE dyeing;to test the expression of TLR4 and IL-6 by immunohistochemical staining.Results: Compared to contrast group, neuronal loss and swelling reduced significantly in RIP group.Compared to sham group, the TLR4 and IL-6 expression in contrast group and RIP group increased significantly ( P<0.05 ) .Compared to contrast group,the TLR4 and IL-6 expression in RIP group reduced significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion:RIP dose have protective effect on cerebral ischemia.The effect may be associated with the inhibition of TLR4 and IL-6 expression.

in mice with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced viral myocarditis through a comparative study with Carve-dilol.Methods 150 BALB/c male mice were divided into four groups including control group (n=30), myocarditis group (n=40), Ivabradine treatment group (n=40) and Carvedilol treatment group (n=40). Viral myocarditis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CVB 3 in experimental mice , while mice in the control group were injected with PBS accordingly .The mice in four groups were respectively administered with PBS, PBS, Ivabradine and Carvedilol after 24 h of infection for 14 consecutive days .Heart specimens were collected from 8 mice of each group on days 4, 7 and 14 after measuring their heart rates .The patho-logical changes in heart tissues were observed through hematoxylin e-osin staining .Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA were performed to detect the expressions of MCP -1, IL-6 and TNF-αat mRNA and protein lev-els.CVB3 RNA was quantified by semi-quantitative RT -PCR as well .Results Compared with myocarditis group, the histopathological damages in myocardium were significantly alleviated in both Ivabradine group and Carvedilol group on days 7 and 14.The expressions of MCP-1,IL-6 and TNF -αat mRNA level were up-regulated in mice treated with Ivabradine and Carvedilol as compared with those in control group .Compared with myocarditis group , the expressions of TNF-αon day4 and IL-6 on day 7 at mRNA level were reduced in Ivabradine and Carvedilol treatment groups .MCP-1 expression at mRNA level was only down-regulated in Iv-abradine group on day 7.Concluison Ivabradine treatment could alleviate histopathological damages in my -ocardium of mice with CVB3-induced viral myocarditis , which was similar to the effects of carvedilol treat-ment.The treatment effects might be associated with the down-regulation of expressions of IL-6, TNF-αand MCP-1 at mRNA and protein levels .

Objective:To study genetic diversity in endangered medicinal plant Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae of Gansu,then to provide theoretical evidence for the sustainable development and reseanable use.Methods:The-20℃Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae iced leaves for enzyme extraction,electrophoresis,staining and analysis POPGENE software.Results:9 of Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae wild populations of 151 individuals through the eight enzyme systems and 12 enzyme loci analysis showed that lower levels of genetic diversity existed in Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae.Each point the average number of alleles locus(A)was 1.1,the percentage of polymorphic loci(P)was 20.17,and the GST was 0.1352,suggesting that 86.48%of the total genetic diversity was distributed within populations.Conclusion:Considering the relatively low levels of genetic deversity in Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae populations and the many seedlings regenerating in the smallest population,we recommend in situ conservation in Tianshui,Ziwuling to maintain viable Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae populations in their original habitats.

In recent years,the United States analyzing the aging of the population brought by the increase in cardiovascular diseases such as medical equipment and its impact on the U.S. market-oriented role,combined with the present condition of population and medical device market of China,the trend of aging is pointed out and that there is a great potential market of medical device for cardiovascular disease in China,but some problems still exist,such as high price,low public acceptance,etc. According to relevant policies,corresponding suggestions were proposed for domestic medical device companies to enhance their R&D capability and adaptability to the medical system reform.

Objective To observe the protective effects of nuclear factor (NF) κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) on chronic mixed reflux esophagitis in rats and its influence on NF-κB/interleukin (IL)-6 signaling pathway.Method A total of 40 healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into healthy control group,sham operation group,model control group,omeprazole group and PDTC group with eight rats in each group.Except rats in healthy control group and sham operation group,mixed reflux esophagitis model were established in all the other groups.The rats of healthy control group,sham operation group and model control group were all intraperitoneally injected with 2 mL 0.9％ NaCl,rats of omeprazole group were intraperitoneally injected with omeprazole 20 mg/kg,and rats of PDTC group were intraperitoneally injected with PDTC 100 mg/kg every day.After six weeks,the rats were sacrificed,the morphological changes of esophageal tissues were observed and scored by visual inspection and under light microscope.The serum levels of NF-κB p65 and IL-6 in rats of each group were assessed by enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA).t test was performed for mean comparison among groups.Results The scores of esophageal mucosa judged by visual inspection of healthy control group,sham operation group,model control group,omeprazole group and PDTC group were 0.000 20.000,0.000±0.000,2.250± 0.707,1.125 ± 0.835 and 1.429± 0.535,respectively.The pathological scores were 0.00020.000,0.000±0.000,2.625±0.518,1.500±0.535,1.429±0.535,respectively.Compared with those of model control group,the scores judged by visual inspection and the pathological scores of healthy control group,sham operation group,omeprazole group and PDTC group were lower,and the differences were statistically significant (t=7.603,7.603,2.909,2.506; t=9.674,9.674,4.277,4.399,all P＜0.05).The serum levels of NF-κB p65 protein of healthy control group,sham operation group,omeprazole group and PDTC group were (68.618±18.450) pg/mL,(77.824±22.228) pg/mL,(106.693±45.312) pg/mL and (103.781± 42.502)pg/mL,respectively; compared with that of model group ((184.882±49.165) pg/mL),which were significantly lower and the differences were statistically significant (t=6.262,5.612,3.308 and 3.427,all P＜0.05).The serum levels of IL-6 protein were (24.826±4.008) pg/mL,(23.599±4.351) pg/mL,(32.370± 11.657) pg/mL and (33.694±10.394) pg/mL,respectively,which significantly decreased when compared with that of model group ((51.378±9.697) pg/mL,t=7.157,7.393,3.546 and 3.392,all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between PDTC group and omeprazole group in the score judged by visual inspection,pathological scores,the serum levels of NF-κB p65 and IL-6 protein (all P＞0.05).Conclusion NF-κB inhibitor PDTC could reduce the injury severity of esophageal mucosal in reflux esophagitis rat,which mechanism might be related with the down-regulation of NF-κB/1L-6 signaling pathway.

Objective To observe the protective effects of quercetin on esophageal mucosa in chronic mixed reflux esophagitis (RE) rats and the effect of quercetin on nuclear factor (NF)-κB/interleukin (IL)-6 signaling pathway.Methods Mixed RE model was successfully induced by cardia ligation and esophagoduodenostomy.48 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into the following 6 groups using random number table method:normal control group,sham-operation group,model control group,omeprazole group,low-dose quercetin group,and high-dose quercetin group.The 6 groups were treated with peritoneal injection of 2 ml normal saline (normal control,sham-operation,model control groups),20 mg/kg omeprazole,100 mg/kg quercetin (low-dose) and 200 mg/kg quercetin (high-dose) once daily,respectively.The rats were sacrificed after 6 weeks of intervention.The microscopic pathological changes of esophageal mucosa were scored.NF-κB p65 and IL-6 protein levels in esophageal mucosa and serum were assessed using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,respectively.Results In normal control group,shamoperation group,model control group,omeprazole group,low-dose quercetin group and high-dose quercetin group,the pathological scores of esophageal mucosa were 0.250 ± 0.463,0.250 ± 0.463,2.625 ± 0.518,1.500 ±0.535,1.250 ±0.463,and 1.375 ±0.518; the NF-κB p65 protein scores in esophageal mucosa were 0.500±0.535,0.625 ±0.518,3.500 ±0.535,1.875 ±0.649,1.750 ±0.707,and 2.000 ±0.535; the IL-6 protein scores in esophageal mucosa were 1.125 ± 0.641,1.125 ± 0.835,5.375 ± 0.518,2.375 ± 0.518,2.000 ±0.535,and 2.250 ±0.463; the serum NF-κB p65 protein levels were (68.618 ± 18.500),(77.824 ± 22.228),(184.882 ± 49.165),(106.693 ± 45.312),(76.215 ± 16.588),and (108.207 ± 42.107) pg/ml; the serum IL-6 protein levels were (24.826 ±4.008),(23.599 ±4.351),(51.378 ± 9.697),(32.370 ± 11.657),(23.085 ± 4.660),and (26.243 ± 4.955) pg/ml.In terms of the 5 indicators,there were no statistically significant differences between the normal control group and the sham-operation group (P =1.000,P =0.642,P =1.000,P =0.518,P =0.673) ; the results in the normal control,shamoperation,omeprazole,low-dose quercetin,and high-dose quercetin groups were significantly different from those in the model control group (P < 0.001,P < 0.001,P < 0.001,P =0.002,P =0.001 ; P < 0.001,P < 0.001,P<0.001,P=0.004,P=0.002; P=0.001,P<0.001,P<0.001,P=0.025,P=0.023; all P <0.001 ; P <0.001,P <0.001,P <0.001,P =0.023,P <0.001) ; there were no statistically significant differences between low-dose quercetin group and omeprazole group,nor between high-dose quercetin group and omeprazole group (P=0.334,P=0.717,P=0.176,P=0.121,P =0.074; P =0.642,P=0.678,P=0.619,P =0.949,P =0.225); there were no statistically significant differences between low-dose quercetin group and high-dose quercetin group (P =0.619,P =0.438,P =0.334,P =0.086,P =0.243).The microscopic pathological score of esophageal mucosa was positively correlated with NF-κB p65 and IL-6 protein scores in esophageal mucosa (r =0.803,P < 0.001 ; r =0.758,P < 0.001),also positively correlated with serum NF-κB p65 and IL-6 protein levels (r=0.486,P=0.004; r=0.544,P=0.001).Conclusions The expression levels of NF-κB p65 and IL-6 protein in esophageal mucosa and serum increase with the severity of esophageal mucosal injury.Quercetin can reduce the severity of esophageal mucosal injury in RE,possibly through down-regulating NF-κB and IL-6 expression and mitigatng esophageal inflammatory status.

Objectives To investigate the clinical characteristics of hypoglycemic brain damage, and to assess the ifndings of amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) and its predictive value in hypoglycemic brain damage. Methods Twenty-four neonates diagnosed with hypoglycaemia were selected. 12-hour continuous aEEG recordings were performed on the day when hypoglycaemia was diagnosed and second aEEG tracings was performed on the same day or the day after. The variability of aEEG background, appearance of sleep-wake cycling, bandwidth span and amplitude of lower border were analysed and compared with the results of brain MRI. Results Different degrees of epileptic seizures were found in neonates with severe hypoglycemic brain damage and were persisted after the blood sugar was corrected. aEEG in hypoglycemic brain damage was characterized by calyptriform or jagged epileptiform activity, disappearance of the sleep-wake cycle, but little impact on amplitude of lower border and bandwidth span. The recovery of sleep-wake cycle was a sign of brain function recovery. The aEEG and MRI had a good consistency in monitoring the hypoglycemic brain damage. Conclusions aEEG have signiifcant changes in hypoglycemic brain damage and can be used to monitor dynamically hypo-glycemic brain damage.