BACKGROUND: In the researches of Ginkgo Biloba Extract(GBE) in the treatment of cerebra ischemia, because of the application of generally anaesthesia medication that may induce the alteration of cerebral temperature, the accuracy of the results may be affected.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of domestic GBE on antioxidase and lipid peroxide of cerebral ischemic reperfusion tissue as well as the water content of ischemic brain tissue under normothermia.DESIGN: A randomised controlled trial.SETTING and MATERIALS: Study was conducted in the Tongji Medical University of Huazhong Science and Technology University. A total of 24 Wistar rats with a mass from 250 g to 300 g were randomly allocated into sham-operation group ( n = 8 ), cerebral ischemia control group ( n = 8) and cerebral ischemia GBE treatment group( n = 8) . The animal model of normothermia rat with left middle cerebral artery ischemia for 2 hours and reperfusion for 2 hours was prepared with the reference of Nagasawa method in the animals of control group and treatment group for contrast study.INTERVENTIONS: The cerebral temperature of the rats was reflected by the temperature of the temporal muscle. The temperature-measuring probe was embedded into the deep part of the left temporal muscle closed to osseous ectoblast. The temperature was continuously monitored by semiconductor oxide temperature sensor. The temperature of the head was heated with 60 W filament lamp and adjusted by automatic double-controlling craniocerebral cooling instrument to maintain the cerebral temperature at normothermia level of 36.5 ℃ - 37 ℃. The normothermia cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury rat model was established according to the design. GBE injection was injected respectively into abdominal cavity in the rats of cerebral ischemia GBE treatment group at the following time point: 12 hours, 8 hours and 4 hours before operation, immediately after cerebral ischemia and immediately after reperfusion, with 3 mL each time and 5 times in total. Same times and dose of normal saline was injected into the abdominal cavity in the rats of both control group and sham-operation groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), reduced glutathione(GSH), malondialdehyde(MDA)and water contents in the cerebral ischemic tissue.RESULTS: The levels of SOD, GSH-Px and GSH in cerebral ischemia control group were(73.35 ± 12. 86) NU/mg, (167.37 ±54.34) μkat/g and (196. 84 ± 22.75) μg/g respectively, which significantly lower than that (96. 02± 16. 83) NU/mg, (338.57±84.02) μkat/g and(337.51± 34. 89) μg/g of sham-operation group( P ＜ 0. 01 or P ＜ 0.05) . The SOD, GSH-Px and GSH levels of cerebral isehemia GBE treatment group were (87.24± 15.03) NU/mg, (316. 56 ±93.52) μkat/g and(263.16±28.54) μg/g, which significantly higher than that of cerebral ischemia control group(P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05) .The MDA level of cerebra ischemia control group was (308.34 ± 26.81 ) nmol/g, which significantly higher than that(101.46 ± 10.97) nmol/g of sham-operation group( P ＜ 0.01 ) .The MDA level of cerebral ischemia GBE treatment group was(125.86± 13.90) nmol/g, which was significantly lower than that of sham-operation group ( P ＜ 0.01 ) . The water content of cerebral ischemia control group was(80. 45 ± 0.44)%, which was significantly higher than that (78.20 ± 0. 25 ) % of sham-operation group ( P ＜ 0.01 ) . The water content of cerebral ischemia GBE treatment group was(79.63 ± 0.46) %, which was significantly lower than that of cerebral ischemia control group( P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Domestic GBE can inhibit the excessive production of free radicals and the lipid peroxidation during cerebral ischemia and reduce cerebral oedema and the destruction of blood-brain barrier to protect cerebral ischemic tissues under cerebral normothermia.

Objective To study on the cross-cultural adjustment and application of the Death Anxiety Scale based on the national culture and establish the Chinese version of this scale.Methods Through cross-cultural adaptation and formal investigation,the Chinese version of Death Anxiety Scale was established.A cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 medical college students and 50 hospice workers with multiple diagnoses to validate the Chinese version of the Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (T-DAS),after 7to 10 days,60 of them were retested.Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (T-DAS)were evaluated according to the data.Results The Chinese version of the Templer's Death Anxiety Scale(T-DAS)was easy to understand.Most respondents finished the whole scale in 5 to10 minutes,and the effective recover rate of the scale was 97.4％.The correlation between the T-DAS and the single item test for the death anxiety was 0.516.Structural equation models and factor analysis displayed good construction of the T-DAS.The internal consistency reliability evaluated by Cronbach'α was 0.71 for the whole 15 items.The retest reliability was 0.831.Conclusions Based on the analysis,the Chinese version of the T-DAS has good reliability and validity,and should be a good instrument for the evaluation of the death anxiety.

The purified oil of Anguilla japonica (139. 6-1116. 8 mg/kg) was administrated ig for 20 days in mice. Positive cell number of macrophage with Fc receptor, phago-cytic percentage and index were increased significantly. T lymphocyte transformation and activity of NK cell were enhanced merkedly. The amount of antibody forming cells was risen dramatically.

AIM: To study apoptotic injury induced by aeactive oxygen species - hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on cardiac myocytes. METHODS: Cultured rat neonatal cardiac myocytes were treated with H2O2 of various concentra- tion to observe apoptoitic injury of cardiomyocytes by agarose gel electrophoresis, Giemsa - stained smears of cell, and flow cytometry, meanwhile lactate dehydrogenas (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined to assess the effect of H2O2 on lipid peroxidation and permeability of the plasma membrane. RESULTS: 5 mmol/L H2O2 caused culted cardiomyocytes apoptotic morophological characteristics, including nucleosomal DNA fragmentation in my- ocytes by agarose gell electrophoresis (DNA ladder), cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, and chromatin margin by Giemsa-stained cell smears, and aneuploid peak (AP) - apoptotic bodies occurence by flow cytometry. CONCLU- SONS: H2O2 - induced apotosis in myocytes was a the - and concentration - dependent process, Treatment with low concentration of H2O2(10 mmol/L) rapidly induced a necrotic form of death characterized by smeared patterns of DNA digestion on agarose gel electrophoresis and lethal membrane disuption (as measured by LDH release). Exposure of 5 - 10 mmol/ L H2O2 induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis concurrently with biochemical changes of LDH and MDA increase in the medium.

In the present study, the accuracy of the 4-dimensional model single photon emission computed tomography (4D-MSPECT) and quantitative gated single photon emission computed tomography (QGS) was investigated for assessing left ventricular end-diastolic (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV) and ejection fraction (EF) from gated myocardial perfusion imaging (G-MPI) using left ventriculography (LVG) as reference. From December 2008 to June 2011, 85 patients, who underwent rest G-MPI and LVG (within 30 days) in West China Hospital, Sichuan University, were retrospectively recruited. EDV, ESV, and EF were calculated from G-MPI using 4D-MSPECT and QGS. Eighty-five patients (47 men, 38 women; age 57 +/- 13 years) were finally analyzed. Correlation between results of G-MPI and LVG was high for EDV, r = 0.89 (4D-MSPECT), r = 0.81 (QGS); ESV, r = 0.97 (4D-MSPECT), R = 0.95(QGS); EF, r = 0.95 (4D-MSPECT), r = 0.93 (QGS). 4D-MSPECT and QGS underestimated EDV significantly compared with LVG [(125 +/- 20) mL (4D-MSPECT), (118 +/- 39) mL (QGS), (131 +/- 33)mL (LVG)]. The ESV, 4D-MSPECT and QGS values did not differ significantly from LVG [(47 +/- 32) mL (4D-MSPECT), (53 +/- 29) mL (QGS), (49 +/- 37) mI (LVG)]. For LVEF, only QGS yielded values were significantly lower than LVG [61% +/- 21% (4D-MSPECT), 55% +/- 17% (QGS), and 63% +/- 19% (LVG)]. EDV, ESV, and EF as determined by 4D-MSPECT and QGS from G-MPI agree well with relevant values with LVG. However, Algorithm-inherent also showed slightly over- or under-estimation of volumes. Therefore, separated normal databases should be set up for each algorithm.
Aged ; Algorithms ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging ; Regression Analysis ; Software ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Ventricular Function, Left

At present,all parts of our country and the units are on their own to explore the ways and methods of public health physician training,and to develop a unified national public health standardized training system is particularly important.This study introduces the composition and practice of British public health specialist training and its access system,draws on the successful experience of this system and puts forward some suggestions such as paying attention to the cultivation of clinical basic knowledge,rationally using industry associations and societies and so on from the public health doctor training system,which provides the basis for promoting the establishment of a national public health physician training system.

Objective To evaluate CT and bronchofiberscopic value in diagnosing bronchogenic stenosis.Methods The CT and bronchofiberscopic appearances of bronchogenic stenosis in 45 cases were analysed comparatively with the results of the pathological examinations.Results Among the 45 cases, there were central pulmonary carcinoma in 25 patients, endobronchial tuberculosis in 10 patients, bronchogenic pneumonia in 9 patients and radiation pneumonia in 1 patient all confirmed pathologically. Conclusion CT and bronchofiberscope are of respectively advantages in diagnosing bronchogenic stenosis,combining both of them,the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of bronchogenic stenosis can be improved.

Objective To investigate the different immune status of TCM classification and the levels of T and B cells and the re-lationship between the NK cells .Methods Three different immune state of patients with chronic HBV were divided into asthenia syndrome(AS) group and sthenia syndrome(SS) group ,and then we detected the peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and NK cells ,and compared the above each index analysis .Results In three different immune status ,all patients with AS and SS groups CD4+ T cell percentages are lower than normal control group (P<0 .05) ,and in a state of immune tolerance ,CD4+ T cells of SS group were lower than the AS group (P<0 .05) ,in a state of immune clearance ,CD8+ T cell percentage were SS group> control group> the AS group (P<0 .05) .Three different immune status ,the ratio of CD4+ /CD8+ SS group were significantly lower than the AS group or control group ,in a state of immune clearance the SS and the AS group B lymphocyte percentage were higher than the control group ,the percentage of NK cells was lower than the control group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Chronic HBV infection have immune dysfunction ;HBV infected different immune status of TCM classification have relationship with T and B cell subsets and NK cells ,and the immune function test has certain clinical application value for the judgment of TCM syndrome type .

AIM: To further investigate preventive effects of Shenfu(SF) injection, a Chinese herb drug, on acute renal ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI). METHODS: After SF or normal saline was administered intravenously one time a day for four days, the renal ichemia-reperfusion(I-R) model was established by occlusion of right renal artery and vein for an hour and reperfusion for three hours after left nephroectomy. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in serum and renal tissue, and content of nitric oxide (NO),concentrations of Na + and Ca 2+ , numbers of WBC adhesion in renal tissue were detected and light and electronic microscopy were used for the detection of the renal histological changes. RESULTS: SF lowered significantly MDA content in either renal tissues or serum , concentration of Na +, the number of WBC adhesion, and scores of tubules in renal tissue after renal I-R, and the SOD activity in renal tissues and serum and NO content in renal tissue were obviously increased by SF.In addition,renal histomorphological damage in either light or electronic microscope were lightened by SF. But Ca 2+ concentration in renal tissue appeared to be only mildly affected. CONCLUSION: The mechanisms that SF protects renal structure and function against acute renal IRI may be involved in increasing SOD activity,scavenging directly oxygen free redicals(OFR),raising NO content,inhibiting WBC adhesion and recruiment,preventing Na + influx to form Na + overload.

Objective To explore the percentage changes of peripheral T , B cell subsets and NK cells in chronic HBV infectors under different immune states and hepatitis B cirrhosis . Methods Seventy-five chronic HBV infectors, including 20 cases with immune clearance, 20 cases with immunodeficiency (inactive) and 35 cases with cirrhosis, and 20 healthy control were enrolled. The percentages of peripheral T and B lymphocyte subsets and NK cells were detected by Flow Cytometry. The differences of the groups were analyzed. Results Comparing with the control group, CD4+T cells were decreased in the other four groups (P<0.05). The sequence of CD4+T cells, from high to low, was the control group, the immunodeficiency group, the immune clearance group, the compensated cirrhosis group and the de-compensated cirrhosis group. CD4+/CD8+T cell and NK cell were lower , but CD8+T cell and B cell were higher in immune clearance group than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Patients in immunodeficiency group had lower ratio of CD4+/CD8+T cell and higher CD8+T cell than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In all the groups, patients with de-compensated cirrhosis showed highest ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells and B cells, but lowest CD3+T, CD8+ T and NK cells (P < 0.05). Conclusions Results suggests immune dysfunction exists in patients with chronic HBV infection. It has potential clinical value in understanding patients′ immune states and progression of disease by detecting peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and NK cells.