OBJECTIVE: To establishes an HPLC method for determination of the contents of Osthol and Berberine in Kangfuyan effervescent suppository. METHODS: HPLC was carried out on a column of Diamonsil (250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.2% phosphate acid (52∶48,Lauryl sulfonic acid sodium 0.1 g was contained in every 100 mL) with flow rate at 1 mL?min-1.The detection wavelength was set at 322 nm and the column temperature was set at room temperature. RESULTS: The linear range was 0.019 8～0.396 0 ?g(r=0.999 97) for Osthole versus 0.056 65～1.133 00 ?g(r=0.999 99) for Berberine. The average recoveries of Osthol and Berberine were 101.06% (RSD=1.10%) and 101.88%(RSD=0.98%), respectively. CONCLUSION: This method is simple, accurate and reproducible, and applicable for the quality control of Kangfuyan effervescent suppository.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard of Alyxia sinensis.METHODS:The characteristic study,microscopic identification and TLC identification of Alyxia sinensis were performed,and the content of Ursolic acid in which was determined by HPLC.RESULTS:The chief characteristics of Alyxia sinensis have been summarized.The linear range of Ursolic acid was 0.053～10.600 ?g(r=0.999 9) with its average recovery at 101.45%(RSD=1.72,n=9).CONCLUSION:The established standard can be used for the quality control of Alyxia sinensis.

Objective To observe the protective effects of nuclear factor (NF) κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) on chronic mixed reflux esophagitis in rats and its influence on NF-κB/interleukin (IL)-6 signaling pathway.Method A total of 40 healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into healthy control group,sham operation group,model control group,omeprazole group and PDTC group with eight rats in each group.Except rats in healthy control group and sham operation group,mixed reflux esophagitis model were established in all the other groups.The rats of healthy control group,sham operation group and model control group were all intraperitoneally injected with 2 mL 0.9％ NaCl,rats of omeprazole group were intraperitoneally injected with omeprazole 20 mg/kg,and rats of PDTC group were intraperitoneally injected with PDTC 100 mg/kg every day.After six weeks,the rats were sacrificed,the morphological changes of esophageal tissues were observed and scored by visual inspection and under light microscope.The serum levels of NF-κB p65 and IL-6 in rats of each group were assessed by enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA).t test was performed for mean comparison among groups.Results The scores of esophageal mucosa judged by visual inspection of healthy control group,sham operation group,model control group,omeprazole group and PDTC group were 0.000 20.000,0.000±0.000,2.250± 0.707,1.125 ± 0.835 and 1.429± 0.535,respectively.The pathological scores were 0.00020.000,0.000±0.000,2.625±0.518,1.500±0.535,1.429±0.535,respectively.Compared with those of model control group,the scores judged by visual inspection and the pathological scores of healthy control group,sham operation group,omeprazole group and PDTC group were lower,and the differences were statistically significant (t=7.603,7.603,2.909,2.506; t=9.674,9.674,4.277,4.399,all P＜0.05).The serum levels of NF-κB p65 protein of healthy control group,sham operation group,omeprazole group and PDTC group were (68.618±18.450) pg/mL,(77.824±22.228) pg/mL,(106.693±45.312) pg/mL and (103.781± 42.502)pg/mL,respectively; compared with that of model group ((184.882±49.165) pg/mL),which were significantly lower and the differences were statistically significant (t=6.262,5.612,3.308 and 3.427,all P＜0.05).The serum levels of IL-6 protein were (24.826±4.008) pg/mL,(23.599±4.351) pg/mL,(32.370± 11.657) pg/mL and (33.694±10.394) pg/mL,respectively,which significantly decreased when compared with that of model group ((51.378±9.697) pg/mL,t=7.157,7.393,3.546 and 3.392,all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between PDTC group and omeprazole group in the score judged by visual inspection,pathological scores,the serum levels of NF-κB p65 and IL-6 protein (all P＞0.05).Conclusion NF-κB inhibitor PDTC could reduce the injury severity of esophageal mucosal in reflux esophagitis rat,which mechanism might be related with the down-regulation of NF-κB/1L-6 signaling pathway.

Aims To compare hippocampus between CUMS rats and normal rats, to find differentially ex-pressed proteins and to explore the pathogenesis of de-pression in the protein levels and biological marker. Methods Chronic unpredicted mild stress was taken to establish rat depression model. The ITRAQ-labeled proteins and peptides were separated by the cation col-umn, and differentially expressed proteins were detec-ted and identified by 2D LC-MS/MS. The functions of proteins were analyzed by bioinformatics. Results To-tally 5 109 proteins were identified, 33 differentially expressed proteins were identified, the expressions of 8 proteins were increased and 25 proteins downregulated. Conclusion ITRAQ based sereening is effective in discovering the nosogenesis of depression and new bio-logical marker.

Purpose To summarize the characteristics of computed tomography enteroclysis (CTE) in active ulcerative colitis (UC), and to explore the value of multi-slice CTE in the evaluation of UC. Materials and Methods Thirty-five patients with active UC confirmed by clinical manifestation, colonoscopy and pathology underwent CTE examination in the study. According to the modiifed Mayo-score, the patients were divided into mild group, moderate group and severe group, and the CTE manifestations were compared among the three groups. Results Among 35 patients, 6 patients were in the mild group, 13 in the moderate group, and 16 in the severe group. Submucosal bubbles had signiifcant differences between mild and moderate groups (P<0.05), bowel wall stratiifcation, disappearance of haustra and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes were signiifcantly different between moderate and severe groups (P<0.05), and engorged vasa recta was significantly different between the 3 groups (P<0.05). However, bowel wall thickening, mural hyperenhencement, narrow lumen and fatty deposits around the rectum showed no difference between the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Multi-slice CTE can provide image features of bowel wall, intestinal tube and structures outside intestine in the evaluation of UC, thus it is useful in the diagnosis of active UC as well as in its clinical grading.

Objective To observe the protective effects of quercetin on esophageal mucosa in chronic mixed reflux esophagitis (RE) rats and the effect of quercetin on nuclear factor (NF)-κB/interleukin (IL)-6 signaling pathway.Methods Mixed RE model was successfully induced by cardia ligation and esophagoduodenostomy.48 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into the following 6 groups using random number table method:normal control group,sham-operation group,model control group,omeprazole group,low-dose quercetin group,and high-dose quercetin group.The 6 groups were treated with peritoneal injection of 2 ml normal saline (normal control,sham-operation,model control groups),20 mg/kg omeprazole,100 mg/kg quercetin (low-dose) and 200 mg/kg quercetin (high-dose) once daily,respectively.The rats were sacrificed after 6 weeks of intervention.The microscopic pathological changes of esophageal mucosa were scored.NF-κB p65 and IL-6 protein levels in esophageal mucosa and serum were assessed using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,respectively.Results In normal control group,shamoperation group,model control group,omeprazole group,low-dose quercetin group and high-dose quercetin group,the pathological scores of esophageal mucosa were 0.250 ± 0.463,0.250 ± 0.463,2.625 ± 0.518,1.500 ±0.535,1.250 ±0.463,and 1.375 ±0.518; the NF-κB p65 protein scores in esophageal mucosa were 0.500±0.535,0.625 ±0.518,3.500 ±0.535,1.875 ±0.649,1.750 ±0.707,and 2.000 ±0.535; the IL-6 protein scores in esophageal mucosa were 1.125 ± 0.641,1.125 ± 0.835,5.375 ± 0.518,2.375 ± 0.518,2.000 ±0.535,and 2.250 ±0.463; the serum NF-κB p65 protein levels were (68.618 ± 18.500),(77.824 ± 22.228),(184.882 ± 49.165),(106.693 ± 45.312),(76.215 ± 16.588),and (108.207 ± 42.107) pg/ml; the serum IL-6 protein levels were (24.826 ±4.008),(23.599 ±4.351),(51.378 ± 9.697),(32.370 ± 11.657),(23.085 ± 4.660),and (26.243 ± 4.955) pg/ml.In terms of the 5 indicators,there were no statistically significant differences between the normal control group and the sham-operation group (P =1.000,P =0.642,P =1.000,P =0.518,P =0.673) ; the results in the normal control,shamoperation,omeprazole,low-dose quercetin,and high-dose quercetin groups were significantly different from those in the model control group (P < 0.001,P < 0.001,P < 0.001,P =0.002,P =0.001 ; P < 0.001,P < 0.001,P<0.001,P=0.004,P=0.002; P=0.001,P<0.001,P<0.001,P=0.025,P=0.023; all P <0.001 ; P <0.001,P <0.001,P <0.001,P =0.023,P <0.001) ; there were no statistically significant differences between low-dose quercetin group and omeprazole group,nor between high-dose quercetin group and omeprazole group (P=0.334,P=0.717,P=0.176,P=0.121,P =0.074; P =0.642,P=0.678,P=0.619,P =0.949,P =0.225); there were no statistically significant differences between low-dose quercetin group and high-dose quercetin group (P =0.619,P =0.438,P =0.334,P =0.086,P =0.243).The microscopic pathological score of esophageal mucosa was positively correlated with NF-κB p65 and IL-6 protein scores in esophageal mucosa (r =0.803,P < 0.001 ; r =0.758,P < 0.001),also positively correlated with serum NF-κB p65 and IL-6 protein levels (r=0.486,P=0.004; r=0.544,P=0.001).Conclusions The expression levels of NF-κB p65 and IL-6 protein in esophageal mucosa and serum increase with the severity of esophageal mucosal injury.Quercetin can reduce the severity of esophageal mucosal injury in RE,possibly through down-regulating NF-κB and IL-6 expression and mitigatng esophageal inflammatory status.

Objective:To investigate the safety and effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and sorafenib on large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treatment.Methods:From Jan 2012 to Dec 2017, 36 patients (Male: 33, Female: 3, average age: 51.8) with large HCC lesions(5-7 cm) received TACE plus with RFA and sorafenib in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Efficacy was evaluated after TACE. Each patient was received follow-up after RFA procedure. The occurrence rate of complications and overall survival (OS) were recorded. Log-rank univariate analysis was used to analyze the OS data.Results:The median TACE time was 4, and the RFA time was (1.7±0.7) . Mean duration time of sorafenib administration was (37.7±28.8) months. Adverse events of sorafenib: 26(72.2%) hand-foot skin reaction, 6(16.7%) hypertension, 22(61.1%) diarrhea, 17(47.2%) alopecia, 3(8.3%) oral ulcer and 1(2.8%) gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Median OS was 63.0 months, and 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rate was 100%, 72.7% and 52.6%. The cumulative survival rate of patients taking whole course of sorafenib ( n=21) was better than that of patients taking remedial ( n=15); the cumulative survival rate of patients with alpha fetal protein (AFP) <200 μg/L ( n=26) before treatment was better than ≥200 μg/L ( n=10); the cumulative survival rate of patients with good TACE response ( n=19) was better than that of patients with no response ( n=17), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:TACE plus with RFA and sorafenib are safe and effective for large HCC patients with 5-7 cm lesions and this treatment might improve OS. The whole-course sorafenib, lower base AFP value (<200 μg/L) and good TACE response were considered as the good factors for the combination therapy in large HCC patients.

Objective:To develop a geriatric nursing core literacy evaluation scale and to test its validity and reliability.Methods:The scale item pool was constructed by referring to relevant literatures and expert consultation method was used to form initial scale. A preliminary investigation was conducted among 40 nurses to form the formal scale, and then 252 nurses were selected to test the validity and reliability of the formal scale.Results:The formal scale consisted of four dimensions and 37 items. The Cronbach α coefficient of the formal scale was 0.980, the content validity index was 0.912, exploratory factor analysis identified 4 principal factors (knowledge geriatric nursing core literacy, skill geriatric nursing core literacy, cognitive geriatric nursing core literacy, belief geriatric nursing core literacy) and explained 73.135% of the total variance.Conclusion:The geriatric nursing core literacy evaluation scale has good reliability and validity, which can be used to evaluate the geriatric nursing core literacy of nursing staffs.

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the trend of burden of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in China between 1990 and 2015. Methods: Data were collected from the results of 2015 Global Burden of Disease Study. We arranged and analyzed the mortality and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) for IHD by sexes, ages and provinces (excluding Taiwan, China) in China between 1990 and 2015. The age-standardized rates were determined using the average world population age structure in the period of 2010-2035 as a reference, and the changes of the related indicators were calculated. Results: In 2015, IHD caused 1 461 thousand deaths, and its age-standardized death rate was 114.8 per 100 000. Number of DALYs from IHD were 25 765 thousand in 2015, with the age-standardized DALY rate at 1 760.2 per 100 000. From 1990 to 2015, the age-standardized death rate for IHD in China increased by 13.3% but age-standardized DALY rate decreased by 3.9%. Number of IHD DALYs among male (16 664 thousand) was higher than it among female (9 101 thousand) in China in 2015, and 83.5% of total DALYs from IHD occurred among people aged over 50 years old. Province with highest age-standardized death rate was Heilongjiang, with rate at 187.4 per 100 000 in 2015. Qinghai (54.0%) increased most and Macao (-52.3%) decreased most from 1990 to 2015. Province with highest age-standardized DALY rate was Xinjiang, with rate at 3 040.8 per 100 000 in 2015. Qinghai (33.2%) increased most while Macao (-59.0%) decreased most between 1990 and 2015. Conclusion Burden of IHD in China increased remarkably from 1990 to 2015, especially among males and people aged over 50 years old. The differences among provinces were obvious.

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture at Back?shu and Front?mu points for functional constipation treatment.METHODS 32 mice were randomly divided into control groupmodel groupelectroacupunctureEA group and EGC group.Compound diphenoxylate were gavaged for modelingand electroacupuncture Tianshu and Dachangshu points30 min each time for a total of 5 times treatment.By light microscopyelectron microscopyimmunohisto-chemistry and in situ hybridizationthe morphology of colonic epithelial structure were observedand the level of GDNF pro-tein and mRNA expression in colon were detected.RESULTS The expression of GDNF protein and mRNA in model group was significantly decreasedP <0.01.Electroacupuncture at back?Shu and front?Mu points improved the expression of GDNF protein and mRNAP <0.05and light microscope and electron microscope showed that acupuncture repaired damaged depi-thelial cellsand then improved the intestinal transmission function.The expression of GDNF protein in EGC group showed no significant difference with the model groupP >0.05but significantly decreasedcompared with EA groupP <0.05.GD-NF mRNA was significantly higher than model groupP <0.05but lower than EA group with no significant differenceP>0.05.The morphology change of colon tissue is more serious.CONCLUSION Electroacupuncture at back?Shu and front? Mu points can improve the expression of GDNF protein and mRNA in EGC cellsrepair the colonic epithelial cellsand then improve the intestinal transmission function.