Type 1 diabetes is pathologically characterized by autoimmune insulitis-related islet β-cell destruction.Although intensive insulin therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes can correct hyperglycemia,this therapy does not effectively prevent diabetes-related cardiovascular complications.Hence,preservation of natural β-cell function is critical for the prevention of diabetes-related complications.Receut studies have shown that autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ( A HSCT) is a new promising approach for the treatment of type 1 diabetes by reeonstitution of immunotolerance and preservation of islet β-cell function.Here we introduce the key results of a clinical trial ( NCT 01341899,ClinicalTrials.gov) performed in Chinese type 1 diabetes patients ( most of them with diabetic ketoacidosis at onset ) and discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the action of HSCT and its prospects in the clinical management of type 1 diabetes.

Objective To assess the effect of heat shock protein 70 of BCG (BCG HSP70) gene transfection on tumorigenicity and immunogenicity of murine lymphocytic leukemia cells (L1210). Methods BCG HSP70 gene was transfected onto the surface of murine lymphocytic leukemia cells (L1210) by lipofectamine 2000. And then the positive clone (L1210-HSP70) highly expressing HSP70 was selected as the tumor vaccine to study the tumorigenicity experiments in nude mice and syngeneic mice, the therapeutic experiments, and the immunoprotective effects. Results The expression of BCG HSP70 on the L1210 cells surface was detected, and the L1210-HSP70 cells had the same tumorigenicity as the parental L1210 cells did. Tumorigenicity experiments in syngeneic mice:In L1210-HSP70 group, tumor growth was slow or without the formation of tumor. As compared with L1210 group and L1210-neo group the mice survival time was signiifcantly prolonged, showing a marked stimulating effect on L1210 specific Th1 cells,. Tumor-bearing mice showed complete coagulation necrosis and abundant CD8+T lymphocyte inifltration (P<0.05). The tumor vaccine of L1210-HSP70 cells had the antitumor therapeutic efifcacy and immune protection effect, demonstrating that the tumor growth was signiifcantly inhibited, tumor diameter was markedly reduced and the survival time of tumor-bearing DBA/2 mice was further prolonged. Conclusions BCG HSP70 gene transfection could effectively improve the immunogenicity of tumor cells, activate speciifc T cells and enhance the anti-tumor immunity in vivo. Meanwhile, the host anti-tumor immunity could be enhanced.

Objective To explore the effects of high glucose on glucose transport activity, and phosphorylationandexpressionofinsulinsignalingproteins in primary cultured rat adipocytes. Methods Isolated rat adipocytes were cultured at different glucose concentrations (5, 10, 15, 25 mmol/L) for 24 h. Then the glucose uptake, the phosphorylations of insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 1 and 2 and protein kinase B (PKB) as well as the protein expressions of IRS1, IRS2, p85 subunit of phosphatitylinositol 3 kinase (p85) and PKB were measured. Results These adipocytes treated with different high glucose showed the impairment of the basal and insulin induced increase in glucose uptake and significant decrease of IR, IRS1 and PKB phosphorylations as well as IRS1 protein expression, but up regulation of IRS2 protein expression. p85 and PKB contents and IRS2 phosphorylation were unaffected. Conclusion The exposure to high glucose inhibits glucose uptake and induces insulin resistance in adipocyte. The mechanism may be involved in affecting the multiple step phosphorylations and the expressions of insulin signaling proteins.

Objective To explore the value of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods Sixty confirmed AMI patients were observed, the data of H-FABP, cardiac troponin T (cTnT), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) were detected in < 6 h and 6-12 h after the symptoms appeared, and the sensitivity of the three markers was calculated. The specificity was compared with 15 uncertain AMI patients and 45 healthy subjects. Results The early diagnosis sensitivity of H-FABP in < 6 h was 94% in AMI, which was higher than that of cTnT (50%) and CK-MB (56%) (P < 0.05 ). The diagnosis sensitivity of H-FABP, CTnT, CK-MB in 6-12 h was 100%, 92%, 92% respectively (P> 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in the specificity among the three markers (P > 0.05). Conclusions H-FABP has more sensitivity and specificity in the early diagnosis of AMI. It is applicable in the screening of patients who suffered chest pain and the diagnosis of early AMI.

Objective To observe the effect of advanced glycosylation end products(AGEs) on gene expression of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) in NIH Swiss mouse embryo fibroblasts(NIH/3T3),and to assess the intervention actions of aminoguanidine(AG) and puerarin(Pue) on CTGF mRNA expression in NIH/3T3.Methods AGEs were synthesized by coincubation of BSA with glucose.The AGEs content was measured by fluorescence spectroscopy.NIH/3T3 cells were treated with AGEs(prepared with 20,50,80 mmol?L-1 glucose) for 24 h.The NIH/3T3 cells were treated with AGEs(prepared with 50 mmol?L-1 glucose) for 0,6,12,24 and 48 h.The intervention actions of AG and Pue with different concentration(0.25,0.5,1.0 and 1.5 g?L-1) were evaluated.The CTGF mRNA expression in NIH/3T3 was determined by RT-PCR.Results Compared with BSA control,the CTGF mRNA expression levels in NIH/3T3 were increased by treatment with AGEs(prepared with 20,50,80 mmol?L-1 glucose) for 24 h(P

OBJECTIVE:To understand the distribution and drug resistance of the pathogens by sputum culture in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in our hospital so as to provide reference for rational use of antibiotics. METHODS:From Dec. 2010 to Dec. 2014,the sputum specimens were collected from the AECOPD patients,then the identification of 307 strains of pathogens and drug susceptibility test were carried out,and the data were analyzed statistically by using SPSS 17.0 software. RESULTS:A total of 307 strains of pathogens were collected,of which 17 cases of gram-positive ba-cillus accounted (5.54%),247 cases of gram negative cocci (80.46%),43 cases of fungi accounted (14.00%). The most com-mon isolates from sputum specimens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (33.22%),Acinetobacter baumannii (19.54%),Stenotroph-omonas maltophilia(9.77%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(7.82%),Candida albicans(6.84%),etc. P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii were highly multidrug-resistant. There were 10 strains of ESBLs-producing K. pneumonia isolated, with the isolation rate of 41.67%. No Staphylococcus aureus strain was found resistant to vancomycin,teicoplanin or linezolid. Methicillin resistant strains in S. aureus(MRSA)accounted for 50.00%. CONCLUSIONS:Gram-negative bacilli are the most common pathogens in the AE-COPD patients. The common species of pathogens are highly resistant. More attention should be paid to the drug resistance monitor-ing of pathogens and rational use of antibiotics according to the results of susceptibility test.

A total of 1 007 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were divided into 2 groups,according to whether there was accompanied with nonalcoholic fatty liver(NAFLD) ; and the data of the two groups were analysed.Serum uric acid levels were positively correlated with body mass index and blood urea nitrogen and creatinine,while negatively correlated with HbA1c.T2DM patients complicated with NAFLD were younger,had shorter duration of T2DM,and showed impaired uric acid clearance with raised serum uric acid.The prevalence of NAFLD was higher with increasing serum uric acid levels.

Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors of falls self-efficacy among the stroke elderly patients.Methods Totally 170 elderly stroke patients were investigated using the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES),and they were tested with Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Time Up and Go Test (TUGT).Results The average score of falls self-efficacy was 108.There were 50.6％ elderly stroke patients assigned to the group with low falls self-efficacy.Multiple Logistic regression analysis indicated that impairments of balance and mobility,severe stroke-related disability were the independent influencing factors associated with FOF,which could explain 52.0％ of variations.Conclusions Low falls self-efficacy among the stroke elderly patients is a common complaint,nurses and physicians should focus on this problem,interventions combining exercise and education of accidental falls should be taken to improve falls self-efficacy of elderly stroke patients,and prevent falls finally.

Objective To culture the acute leukemia cells in vitro,and to prepare cancer vaccine expressing heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) of Bacille Calemette-Geérin(BCG) onto the cell surface,so as to study its anti-tumor effect and mechanism.Methods Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells were cultured in a serum-free Stemspan(H) culture supplemented with cytokines [stem cell factor(SCF),flt-3 ligand (FL),interleukin (IL)-3 and IL-6] in vitro.And B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cells were cultured in a Iscove modified medium(IMDM) culture supplemented with cytokines (SCF,FL,IL-3 and IL-7) in vitro.Cellular morphology was observed by the microscopy and immunophenotype determination was used to verify the biological characteristics of acute leukemia cells after culture.Lipofectamine 2000 was used to transfect the pDisplay-HSP70 plasmid into acute leukemia cells.The expression of HSP70 on the cell surface was detected by fluorescene microscope.Then the immunogenicity of the leukemia cells expressing HSP70 were detected.The experimental groups were divided into 3 subgroups:the wide-type acute leukemia cells (wt-LC group),the pDisplay-leukemia cells (pDisplay-LC group),and the pDisplay-HSP70-leukemia cells (HSP70-LC group),respectively.The leukemia cells in different groups were cultured with autologous peripheral blood T cells for 72 hours.The proliferation indices of T cells were assayed by carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-staining method,and the contents of interferon-γ(IFN-γ) were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The leukemia cells in different groups were cultured with autologous peripheral blood T cells,and after 6 days,the fresh acute leukemia cells were added [in the different ratios of cytotoxicity T lymphocyte (CTL):leukemia cells were 10 ∶ 1,20 ∶ 1,40 ∶ 1 and 80 ∶ 1] and continued to be cultured for another 12 hours.Cytotoxicity assay was measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release.Results After short term culture in vitro,the leukemia cells were in colony-like suspension and maintain the proliferation characteristics were maintained.The cell proliferation was rapidly cultured for about 10 days and then was gradually slowed down.But there was no difference between the day 10 and day 0 in the expressions of CD13 and CD33 in fifteen cases of AML cells (P ＞ 0.05).Equally,there was no difference between the day 10 and day 0 in the expressions of CD19,CD10 and CD22 in fifteen cases of B-ALL cells (P ＞ 0.05).After BCG HSP70 gene transfection,the yellow-green fluorescence on the leukemia cells surface was observed under the confocal microscope.Detection of the immunogenicity:(1) Autologous T cell proliferation:the most significant T cell proliferation was observed in the group of HSP70-transfected leukemia cells (t =17.89,19.58,all P ＜0.05).There was no difference between the wt-LC group and pDisplay-LC group (P ＞ 0.05).(2) The contents of cytokines:the IFN-γ level in the group of HSP70-transfected leukemia cells was higher than those of wide-type acute leukemia cells and the pDisplay-transfected ones (t =24.72,24.81,all P ＜ 0.05).(3) Cytotoicity of CTL:the killing rate in HSP70-transfected leukemia cells was significantly higher than those of wide-type acute leukemia cells and pDisplay——transfected ones(F =13.66,P ＜ 0.05).And with the increase of the ratio from 10 ∶ 1 to 80 ∶ 1,the inhibiting activity of CTL in the HSP70-LC group was raising(F =19.69,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Fresh acute leukemia cells can be successfully cultured in vitro.Short-term culture can significantly increase the number of leukemia cells,but has little effect on surface antigen expression.So,the biological characteristics of the leukemia cells can be maintained.The leukemia cells vaccine expressing BCG HSP70 onto its surface was successfully prepared,and gene transfection of BCG HSP70 can significantly enhance the immunogenicity of leukemia cells.

Objective To explore the correlation between BODE index with fatigue symptoms on COPD patients,and provide new ways for clinical evaluation,prediction,symptom control and establishment of effective management mode.Methods 120 COPD patients of stable stage were selected to be investigated and analyzed by the Fatigue Scale-14(FS-14),six-minute walking distance(6MWD),pulmonary func-tion test and the body mass index (BMI).Dyspnea was measured using the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale.Results The fatigue symptoms showed high positive linear correlation with BODE index and mMRC,and significant negative correlation with 6 MWD,FEV1％ and BMI.Conclusions The study shows that fatigue symptoms had a higher prevalence in COPD patients of stable stage.There were a high correlation between fatigue symptoms with the BODE index,mMRC,6MWD,FEV1％ and BMI.The BODE index was a good predictor and evaluation of fatigue symptoms.