Objective To investigate the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) on iNOS expression in lung in septic mice.Methods Female KM mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP,a model of polymicrobial sepsis) or shame operation.Thirty-six KM mice weighing 20～25 g were randomly assigned into three groups:shame CLP group,CLP group and PHC group.Mice in PHC group were given PHC 0.45 mg/kg intraperitoneally at 1 h before CLP. Six hours after CLP,the lungs of each group were sampled for light and electronic microscopy.The expression of iNOS mRNA in lung tissue were detected by in situ hybridization.The survival rates were observed at 24 h after the operation. Results The CLP group was observed thickened alveolar septa,as well as mitochondrial cristae swelling and mitochondrial vacuolation under electronic microscope.Emptied lamellar bodies could be also found.Histology of lung in PHC group had little changed.Expression of iNOS in lung in PHC group was significantly lower than that of the CLP group.At 24 h after CLP challenge,70.0% of the PHC mice lived,remarkably increased compared with that of the CLP group (26.7%),P＜0.05.Conclusion PHC had effective effect for increasing the survival rates of septic mice,inhibiting the expression of iNOS and reducing the severity of lung injury.

Objective To investigate the relationship between renin (REN) gene G10631A, angiotensinogen (AGT) gene T704C mononucleotide polymorphisms and cerebral infarction and to investigate the mechanisms and characteristics of cerebral infarction from molecular level. Methods REN gene G1063A and AGT gene T704C polymorphisms in 82 patients with cerebral infarction and 89 controls were detected with polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism. The differences of the genotypes and allele frequencies were compared between the patient group and the control group. Results The frequency of REN 10631AA genotype (31. 7% vs. 10. 1%,χ2 =12. 816, P = 0. 002) and the frequency of A genotype (49. 4% vs. 30. 3% χ2 = 12. 969, P =0. 000), as well as the frequency of AGT 704 CC genotype (63. 4% vs. 34. 8% χ2 = 15. 029, P = 0. 001) and the frequency of A genotype (79. 9% vs. 61. 2% χ2 = 14. 173, P = 0. 000) in the cerebral infarction group were all significantly higher than those in the control group; the frequency of haplotype 704C 10631A was also significantly higher than that in the control group (P=0. 000). Conclusions REN 10631AA genetype and A allele as well as AGT 704 CC genetype and C allele may be the susceptible factors of cerebral infarction. Haplotype 704C-10631 A may be a genetic risk factor for the occurrence of cerebral infarction.

Data quality issues of TCM structured data warehouse system is very important.This paper analyzed the data quality issues from the data repository to the data extraction,cleansing,transformation,loading (ETL) into the data warehouse process and established the principle of corresponding control,and researched improving data quality measures to ensure the success of data warehouse and right decision support.

Objective To study the feasibility of Brainlab plus 6-degree-of-freedom(6D) couch in the radiotherapy of head and neck by using their setup error.Methods Twenty-four patients with head and neck neoplasms in our hospital during AugustOctober 2016 were taken as the examples.After positioning by technician,each Brainlab was carried out,the setup errors in 3 translation directions of left-to-right(X),head-to-foot(Y) and abdomen to-back(Z) and 3 pivoting directions of Rx,Ry and Rz were obtained after registration of positioned CT image.After adjustment,Brainlab re-scanning was conducted for getting corrected errors.Results The online correction by Brainlab plus 6D obviously reduced the setup errors.The setup errors in all directions approached to 0,in which the difference between Ry and Rz directions had no statistical significance(P＞0.05),while the difference among the X,Y,Z and RX directions was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The online corrections of Brainlab combined with 6D considerably reduces the errors in translation and rotation directions in radiotherapy of head and neck neoplasms,thus reduces normal tissue received amount and increases the radiotherapeutic accuracy.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the use of traditional Chinese medicine injections in our hospital for references of clinical rational administration.METHODS:The consumption sum,DDDs,daily drug costs(DDC) of traditional Chinese medicine injections in our hospital during 2003～2006 were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:Over the 4 years,the incremental rate of the consumption sum of traditional Chinese medicine injections in our hospital experienced a big change,with annual incremental rates of 187%,95%,and —0.4%,respectively.Dominating the first places over the 4 years in respect of DDDs has been the category for cardio-cerebral vessels.The antitumor traditional Chinese medicine injections took the lead in consumption sum and DDC.CONCLUSION:The consumption quantity of traditional Chinese medicine injections experienced a fast increase,suggesting its great market demand.But it has distinctive defects which limited its more broad use.

Objective To evaluate the role of p38MAPK signaling pathway in electroacupuncture (EA)-induced reduction of acute lung injury (ALI) in rabbits with endotoxic shock and the relationship with nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2).Methods Seventy healthy male New Zealand white rabbits,aged 2 months,weighing 1.5-2.5 kg,were randomly divided into 7 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),endotoxin-induced ALI group (group A),p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 group (group SB),ALI + SB203580 group (group A-SB),ALI + EA group (A-EA group),ALI + EA at non-acupoint group (A-NEA group) and ALI + EA at acupoints+ SB203580 group (A-EA-SB group).The rabbits were anesthetized with urethane and tracheostomized and kept spontaneous breathing.Right common carotid artery was cannulated for mean arterial pressure monitoring.The auricular vein was cannulated for drug administration.Bilateral 30 min EA (wave length 0.2-0.6 ms,frequency 2/100 Hz,intensity ≤ 1-2 mA) stimulation of Zusanli and Feishu was performed once a day for 4 days before establishment of the model and during establishment of the model in A-EA and A-EA-SB groups.In group A-NEA,EA was performed at the points 0.5 cm lateral to the acupoints of Zusanli and Feishu according to the method previously described in group EA.In A,A-SB,A-EA,A-NEA and A-EA-SB groups,ALI was induced by endotoxin (5 mg/kg) injection,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in C and SB groups.After establishment of the model,SB203580 5 μmol/kg was injected intravenously in SB,A-SB and A-EA-SB groups,the equal volume of normal saline was given in group C,and the equal volume of dehydrated alcohol was given in the other groups.At 6 h after endotoxin or normal saline administration,arterial blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis.The rabbits were then sacrificed,and lungs were removed for microscopic examination and for determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) content,superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity,and expression of phosphor-p38MAPK (p-p38MAPK) and Nrf2 in lung tissues.The pathological changes of lungs were scored.Wet to dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio) was calculated.Results Compared to group C,the pathological scores,W/D ratio,MDA content,and expression of pp38MAPK and Nrf2 were significantly increased,and SOD activities were decreased in A,A-SB,A-EA,ANEA and A-EA-SB groups.Compared to group A,the pathological scores,W/D ratio and MDA content were significantly decreased,and SOD activities and expression of p-p38MAPK and Nrf2 were increased in A-EA group.Compared to group A-EA,the pathological scores,W/D ratio and MDA content were significantly increased,and SOD activities and expression of p-p38MAPK and Nrf2 were significantly decreased in group A-EA-SB.Conclusion p38MAPK signaling pathway mediates EA-induced reduction of ALI in rabbits with endotoxic shock,and up-regulated expression of Nrf2 is involved in the mechanism.

Objective To evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture on endoplasmic reticulum stress in lung tissues of rats with acute lung injury (ALI) induced by endotoxin.Methods Forty healthy pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 8 weeks,weighing 180-210 g,were divided into 4 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),ALI group,electroacupuncture group (group E),and electroacupuncture at non-acupoint group (group NE).Lipopolysaccharide 5 mg/kg (in 0.5 ml normal saline) was injected intravenously to establish the model of endotoxin-induced ALI.Bilateral 30 min electroacupuncture stimulation of Zusanli and Neiguan acupoints was performed with the dispersedense wave (frequency 2/15 Hz,wave length 0.2-0.6 ms,intensity 1-2 mA) once a day (time for stimulation 9:30-10:30) for 4 consecutive days before and during establishment of the model in group E.Electroacupuncture was performed with the same parameters at the points 0.5 cm lateral to the acupoints of Zusanli and Neiguan in group NE.At 6 h after lipopolysaccharide injection,the rats were sacrificed,and lungs were removed for microscopic examination and for determination of wet to dry weight ratio (W/D ratio),apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells and expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and caspase-12 in lung tissues (by Western blot).The pathological changes of lungs were scored.Apoptosis index (AI) was calculated.Results Compared with group C,lung injury scores,W/D ratio and AI were significantly increased,and the expression of GRP78,CHOP and caspase-12 in lung tissues was up-regulated in the other three groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group ALI,lung injury scores,W/D ratio and AI were significantly decreased,and the expression of GRP78,CHOP and caspase-12 in lung tissues was down-regulated in group E (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the paramneters mentioned above in group NE (P＞0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which electroacupuncture attenuates endotoxin-induced ALI is related to inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and reduction of apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells in rats.

Objective To evaluate the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine-threonine kinase (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway in carbon monoxide (CO)-induced up-regulation of the mitofusin-1 (Mfn1) expression in endotoxin-challenged rat alveolar macrophages.Methods Alveolar macrophages obtained from the rats aged 12-20 weeks were subcuhured and seeded in 96 well plates at a density of 4× 104 cells/ml.After being cultured for 24 h,the cells were divided into 4 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),endotoxin group (group L),lipopolysaccharide (LPS) +CO-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) group (group L+C) and LPS+CORM-2+PI3K inhibitor LY294002 group (group L+C+LY).Cells were cultured normally in group C.Cells were stimulated by using LPS 10 μg/ml in L,L+C and L+C+LY groups.In group L+C,CORM-2 100 μmol was given at 1 h before stimulation with LPS.In group L+C+LY,LY294002 20 μg and CORM-2 100 μ mol were given at 1.5 and 1.0 h before stimulation with LPS,respectively.The cells were continuously incubated for 24 h after the end of treatment.The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the supernatant were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The expression of PI3K,phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and Mfn1 in cells was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the concentration of TNF-α was significantly increased,and the IL-10 concentration was decreased in L,L+C and L+C+LY groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group L,the concentration of IL-10 was significantly increased,the TNF-α concentration was decreased,and the expression of PI3K,p-Akt and Mfn1 was up-regulated in group L+C (P＜0.05).Compared with group L+C,the concentration of IL-10 was significantly decreased,the TNF-α concentration was increased,and the expression of PI3K,p-Akt and Mfn1 was down-regulated in group L+C+LY (P＜0.05).Conclusion PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in CO-induced up-regulation of Mfn1 expression in endotoxin-challenged rat alveolar macrophages.

Objective To evaluate the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway in endotoxic shock-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rabbits.Methods Thirty healthy male New Zealand white rabbits, aged 2 months, weighing 1.5-2.0 kg, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table: control group (group C), ALI group, and wortmannin group (group W).In group W, wortmannin 0.6 mg/kg (in 0.08 ml/kg dimethyl sulfoxide) was injected via the auricular vein, while the equal volume of normal saline was given in C and ALI groups.And 30 min later, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 5 mg/kg (in 2 ml of normal saline) was injected via the auricular vein in ALI and W groups, while the equal volume of normal saline was given in group C.The rabbits were sacrificed at 6 h after LPS or normal saline injection.The lung was immediately removed for microscopic examination and for determination of wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio), expression of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) , Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (by Western blot), and expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA (using fluorescent quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction).The pathological changes of the lung were scored.Results Compared with group C, the lung injury scores and W/D ratio were significantly increased, and the expression of p-Akt, Nrf2 protein and mRNA, and HO-1 protein and mRNA was up-regulated in ALI and W groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group ALI, the lung injury scores and W/D ratio were significantly increased,and the expression of p-Akt, Nrf2 protein and mRNA, and HO-1 protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group W (P＜0.05).Conclusion Activation of PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway is the regulatory mechanism of the body adapting to the development of endotoxic shock-induced ALI in rabbits.

Objective To observe the application of the mini-mental status examination (MMSE)cognitive assessment in the patients with brain glioma before and after surgery. Methods Using MMSE,36 pastients with primary brain glioma were subjected to the cognitive assessment before surgery, after surgery,and 3 monthsr after surgery. Results The quantitative cognitive assessments with MMSE before surgery revealed the hidden cognitive dysfunction patients.The quantitative cognitive assessments after surgery showed that surgeons might need to protect the non-function area and to form the idea of cognitive function in patients with glioma.Conclusion MMSE assessment is a simple,understandably,and convenient method having good compliance of patient. It may be effectively used to assess cognitive impairment for patients with glioma and worth being studied continuously and used widely in the clinic practice.