Objective To investigate the hepatitis C virus(HCV) and hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection in hemodialysis patients in several hemodialysis centers in Beijing.Methods HCV RNA,HBV DNA(PCR) and the serum virus antibody(ELISA) were detected in 225 uremia patients.50 volunteers and the employers in hemodialysis center were also as controls.The relationship between the infection of hepatitis virus and the dialysis time,blood infusion and hepatic function was analysed.Results 37 patients(16.4%) were positive in HCV RNA,3 patients(1.33%) positive in HBV DNA.The logistic analysis showed that blood infusion and the time of hemodialysis were the risk factors.3 patients(3/99,3.0%) were found to be infected with both hepatitis B and C,with disorder of liver function and clinical symptoms.8.1%(8/99) of patients with positive HBcAb were infected with HCV.Conclusion The prevalence of HCV infection in hemodialysis patients is serious.Hemodialysis time and times of blood transfusion are the major ways to transmit HCV.

Objective To study the value of the temporary vena cava filter in the prevention of ectopic embolism formation in cases with thrombolytic therapy of venous thrombosis.Methods Of 11 patients, 10 suffured from venous thrombosis of lower limb and 1 from thrombosis of right internal jugular vein with persistent truncus arteriosus were treated by inserting permanent or temporary vena cava filter via median vein. Results In all 11 case control of symptoms followed this treatment occurred 7 to 15 days, thrombi were completely or partly dissoluted, the blood vessels recanalized, and finally removed the temporary vena cava filter. There were no complication and ectopic emboli related to thrombolytic therapy. Conclusions Our observation indicated that temporary vena cava filter insertion is safe and effective to prevent ectopic embolism in thrombolytic therapy of venous thrombosis.

Objective To discuss the treatment effect of retrograde intramedullary nails under the guide of arthroscope in treating supracondylar fractures of the femur. Methods A total of 24 su-pracondylar fractures of the femur were treated with retrograde intramedullary nails under the guide of ar-throscope. All the patients were followed up for a clinical evaluation. Results The follow up for mean 14 months in all patients showed that all fractures were healed, with mean healing duration for three months. All the patients obtained good or excellent results after operation. Conclusions In treatment of supracondylar fractures of the femur, retrograde intramedullary nail under the guide of arthroscope has the advantages of mierotrauma, accurate location, firm fixation and short fracture healing time that are beneficial to joint function recovery and is worthy of clinical application.

A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method using triethylamine (TEA), copper *" acetate and L-proline as the chiral mobile phase (CMP) and the enantiomric analysis of thyroxine (T4) are described. The influence of the mobile phase parameters including the TEA concentration, manipulation pH, concentration of Cu*", concentration of L-proline, temperature of column and flow rate of eluent on the enantiomers separation of thyroxine was studied. The HPLC-CMP is a simple method for separation and determination of D，L-T4 in drug or in human plasma. It can be used to therapeutic drug or adverse drug reactions monitor.

Objective To investigate the mental health status and related personality type of psychological clinic adoleScent in general hospital and provide data for psychology treatment and intervention.Methods 219 adolescence consulters in 2006 were tested by symptom checklist(SCL-90) and eysenck personality questionnaire(EPQ).The caseswere separatedthree age groups,A group(16～20 years old),B group(21～25 years old),C group(26～30 years old)and disposed by SPSS 13.0.Results All factor scores of SCL-90 in psychological clinic adolescents were higher than those of youth norm in China(P＜0.01).The scores of female consulters were significant higher than those of male in depression(P＜0.05).The incident rate of mild mental obstacle(factor score＞2)in 3 age groups were significant different.The incidence rate of B and C groups were higher A group(P＜0.01).The factor scores were positive associated with P in EPQ and negative associated with L in EPQ.The obsession score of SCL-90 was negative associated with E in EPQ.Conclusions The mental health status of psychological clinic adolescents was not as good as norm adolescents.In psychological consulting and psychological health service,measures in different age and different personality could help build up healthy personality and effectively promote the development of mental health.

Objective To study the efficacy of BuShen QiangJingTang on oligoasthenozoospermia. Methods 100 patients with oligoasthenozoospermia were selected and divided into observation group (n=50) and control group (n=50) randomly, observation group were given BuShen QiangJingTang, while control group were given WuZi YanZong pills, then the efficacy was compared.Results Efficiency of observation group was 96%, which was obviously higher than control group (54%, P<0.05).Before treatment, semen parameters and symptom scores had no statistical significant differences; after treatment, semen volume, sperm survival rate, sperm density and sperm activity of observation group were significantly higher than control group, the scores of symptom (lumbar debility, fatigue weakness, nocturia) were significantly lower than control group(P<0.05).No adverse reactions were observed in two groups.Conclusion The efficacy of BuShen QiangJingTang applied to oligoasthenozoospermia is satisfying,and it can significantly improve sperm quality and activity.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of synthetic medical calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate as the bone replacements for bone defects.MethodsA total of 85 bone trauma patients combined with bone defects treated between February 2000 and October 2011 were randomized to calcium phosphate group ( n =43 ) and calcium sulfate group ( n =42 ) according to bone substitutes.The patients had orthopedic conventional treatment and then received external fixation ( external fixators,plasters) or internal fixation (plates,needles).Forty-three patients in the calcium phosphate group were all treated with medical calcium phosphate and 42 patients in the calcium sulfate group were all treated with medical calcium sulfate.Postoperative complications,fracture healing time and bone substitute absorption time of the two groups were observed and compared.ResultsAfter artificial bone filling for bone defects,all fractures were healed,with average healing time of 12.5 weeks ( range,9-17 weeks) in the calcium phosphate group and 11.3 weeks (range,7-15 weeks) in the calcium sulfate group.No complications or abnormal reactions occurred in the calcium sulfate group,whereas four patients with incision exudation was founded in the calcium phosphate group,and was cured after dressing change.The average follow-up period was 54.5 weeks (range,14-70 weeks).Average absorption time of bone substitute for the calcium phosphate group was 7.3 weeks,longer than that for the calcium sulfate group (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Medical calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate artificial bones can both be used as bone substitutes and are characterized by convenience,safety and good healing under the auxiliary of internal and external fixators.The calcium sulfate is sturdier and has relatively stronger supporting ability than the calcium phosphate.As the bone substitute,the calcium sulfate has more precise clinical effects,fewer complications and shorter healing time than the calcium phosphate.

Objective Todeterminethecorrelationbetweenthrombomodulinand atherosclerosis in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) patients.Methods A total of 96 CKD patients in our hospital were enrolled in the study, including 32 maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) patients and 64 non-hemodialysis CKD patients with stage 2 to 5(non-HD) and 30 age- and gendermatched healthy volunteers were used as control.Intima-media thickness(IMT) and atherosclerotic plaquesof theextracranialcommoncarotidarteryweredetectedbyhigh-resolutionB-mode ultrasonography. Bloodlevelof thrombomodulinwasmeasuredusingELISA,andcreatinine,triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured routinely as well.Correlation analysis of thrombomodulin with other parameters was performed.Results The thrombomodulin level was significantly higher in CKD patients as compared to healthy controls[(12.15±3.04) mg/L vs(3.12±0.23) mg/L, P＜0.05], and also significantly higher in MHD patients as compared to non-HD patients [(16.89±3.35) mg/L vs (9.78±2.49) mg/L, P＜0.05].The atherosclerotic plaques incidence and IMT value of carotid artery increased significantly in CKD patients compared with healthy volunteers.Thrombomodulin was positively correlated with IMT in CKD patients(r=0.335, P＜0.01).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that thrombomodulin, Tm (OR=1.13, 95％CI 1.010-1.121), SBP (OR=1.09, 95％GI 1.009-1.114), CRP(OR=1.22, 95％CI 1.216-2.007), and Scr were independent risk factors of IMT.ConclusionThrombomodulin is correlated with carotid atherosclerosis in CKD patients and may be used as a marker to evaluate the endothelial damage.

Objective To explore the feasibility of Ilizarov technique in managing large tibia defects combined with soft tissue defects.Methods A total of 24 patients with large tibial defects combined with soft tissue defects caused by compound open tibial fractures were fixed with Ilizarov technique from September 2003 to September 2010.All patients belonged to open tibial fractures,including 20 patients with Gustilo type Ⅲ B and four with Gustilo type Ⅲ C.After debridement,the soft tissue defect areas was 10 cm ×6 cm and the bone defect was(8 ±4)cm.Fifteen patients with tibial defects ＜5 cm were treated with one stage debridement,fibula resection and tibial defect end compression.The other nine patients with tibial defect ＞ 5 cm were managed by one stage debridement,bone transport and bone lengthening.Then,15 patients were treated with one stage debridement,wound closure or wound reduction,bone grafting treatment and second stage cleansing of the incarcerated skin and fracture end.Results All patients were followed up for average 14 months(10-24 months),which showed reconstruction of the bone defects,restoration of the limb length,fracture healing and less than 2 cm difference between health limb and contralateral limb.One patient experienced common peroneal nerve palsy after operation,but recovered three months later.Of all,19 patients recovered without extra surgery,three restored with skin graft and two received skin flap.Conclusion Ilizarov technique is an effective option for treating the tibial defects combined with soft tissue defects at one stage.

Objective To elucidate cerebral cortical response to esophageal acid exposure in normal individuals by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and the characteristics of activity. Methods Fifteen volunteers were received intraesophageal perfusion with either 0.9% of sodium chloride or acid (0.1 mmol/L HC1) solutions. The modified block-design model of fMRI scanning was performed simultaneously. All of 32 minutes were needed for resting (A, 8 minutes), 0.9% of sodium chloride perfusion (B,8 minutes), acid perfusion (C,8 minutes) and 0.9% of sodium chloride perfusion again (D,8 minutes). Each chunk was consisted of 160 scans and every scan contained 3 seconds. Six hundred and forty scans were collected in all. The clinical response to esophageal acid exposure was observed and the changes in the cerebral regions was statistically analyzed. Results After perfusion of 0.9% of sodium chloride or acid, 10 out of 15 volunteers had chemosensitive complaints, such as pain in pars laryngen pharyngis, heartburn and chest complaint. The initial active domains involved deutocerebrum, anterior part of callosal gyrus, left side of insula, two sides of amygdale and subiculum hippocampi, two outers of forehead cortex. The provoked regions of acid perfusion (C-A) and 0.9% of sodium chloride perfusion again (D-A) were as same as that of the activated domains by initial perfusion of 0.9% sodium chloride (B-A). The intensity and amplitude of most provoked regions increased gradually(D-A> B-A, P< 0.01). Conclusions The two different stimulations of saline and acid provoke similar cerebral regions that may act in the regulation of esophageal sensitivity. There are the evidences of the central mechanism of esophageal visceral hypersensitivity by acid perfusion.