Intraperitoneal. injection of the essential oils of Asarum himalaicum and A. heterotropides var. mand shuricum can inhibit the proliferation of granuloma induced by implantation of cotton pellets in rats, and change the distribution of Copper and Zinc,the two necessary trace elements for rats,in rat serum and liver.They reduce concentration of Zinc but increase that of Copper in the serum,while elevate the concentration of Zinc but reduce that of Copper in liver. The oil of A. himalaicum collected from Ningxia Region showed even stronger effects.

One hundred forty-four residents registered at department of anesthesia of West China Hospital from 1999 to 2010.The duration of residency training is 5 years (3 + 2).The residents enrolled during 1999-2002 were on the staff.They were assigned to work at this hospital after graduation from medical school and became staff anesthesiologist of this hospital after 5 year training.The residents enrolled during 2003-2010 were trainees and not on the staff.They had to apply for a job as anesthesiologist somewhere after 5 year training.After 3 year training the residents are qualified to undergo subspecialty training.Thirty-nine of the 144 residents dropped out of the training program.The reasons for their withdrawing from the program included finding a regular job,failing the qualifying examination,changing profession studying abroad and death.In order to reduce dropout rate,correct public opinion on the importance of residency training,raising the quality of the residents and improving income of the residents are needed.

Objective To study the effect of zinc on lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidase and development of rats. Methods 64 SD rats weight was(109.7?10.4) g, 32 male, 32 female were randomly divided into 4 groups. Every group was fed on the fodder contained zinc of different content for 40 days to build animal model. The Zn, Cu, Fe and MDA contents, SOD and GSH-Px activity in tissue of rats were determined. The One-way ANOVA test was used for multiple related samples and simple correlation analysis was used. Results Compared with 30 mg/kg group, the development of thighbones and the body weight of rats in groups with zinc exposure doses of 9 and 400 mg/kg bw were significantly retarded, the consumption rate of fodder was lower in male rats (P

Objective To develop a conductance-ion chromatography for simultaneous determination of 5 anions in drinking water. Methods The orthogonal experiment method L9(34) was used to select the optimum working conditions of IC-2000 ion chromatography. Under the founded chromatography condition, 5 anions in water samples were determined simultaneously after filtered with 0.45 ?m filter membrane. Results Both of the precision and accuracy of this method were desirable, all the relative standard deviation was less than 5.0%, the rates of recovery were 90%-106.7%, the correlation coefficient was more than 0.999 except NO2-(0.990 5). Conclusion This method is simple, accurate, quick and suitable for simultaneous determination of 5 anions in drinking water with no need of sample pretreatment.

Objective To analyze the electrocardiogram and treadmill exercise performance in patients with coronary artery myocardial bridge.Methods 176 patients with myocardial bridging diagnosed by coronary angiography were selected in the study.The performance of myocardial bridge electrocardiogram and treadmill exercise of different depth and stenosis was observed.Results Deep in myocardial bridge ischemic ST segment and T wave changes were significantly higher than superficial type (x2 =11.02,P ＜ 0.01).Systolic myocardial bridge Ⅲ grade stenosis of ischemic ST segment and T wave changes were significantly higher than grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅱ (x2 =12.78,P ＜0.01;x2 =24.45,P ＜ 0.01).The positive rate of myocardial bridge deep in the treadmill exercise test was significantly higher than the superficial type.Myocardial bridge Ⅲ grade systolic stenosis,treadmill exercise test positive rate was significantly higher than grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅱ (x2 =9.23,P ＜ 0.05;x2 =6.76,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Patients with myocardial bridge have various changes in the electrocardiogram and treadmill exercise,changes in deep in the type and degree of stenosis Ⅲ grade systolic are obvious.

Objective To explore the effect of GAS MAN assisted instruction on theory learning of volatile anesthetics in anesthesiology residency training.Methods A total of 32 residents in the first stage of anesthesiology training were enrolled and randomly assigned to either study(S) or control (C) group.Theory-test l(Test-1) was conducted for all residents after the lecture-based learning (LBL).Next,reference book self-reading strategy was used in both groups while computer-based simulation(CBS) using GAS MAN was only developed in S group.Then,theory-test 2(Test-2)was conducted for residents in both groups and residents in S group completed the questionnaire smvey.In addition,thirty-four resident teachers observed the CBS courses and completed the questionnaire smvey.Results The mean scores of Test-1 did not differ significantly between the two groups(P=0.64).However,the mean Test-2 score of S group(81.3 ± 13.6) was significantly higher than that of C group(61.3 ± 15.4) (P=0.001).100％(16/16) residents believed that CBS was beneficial to the theoretical study of volatile anesthetics,93.8％(15/16) residents considered GAS MAN could help understand the concepts and improve efficiency during self-learning.97.1％ (33/34) and 91.2％ (31/34)resident teachers agreed that CBS was helpful for analyzing complex concepts and improving study effectiveness,respectively.Conclusions CBS using GAS MAN improves theory knowledge and study effectiveness for anesthesia residents.Both residents and resident teachers find GAS MAN highly ac ceptable.Therefore,GAS MAN has the potential to be the assistant teaching tool for LBL in anesthesiology residency-training program.

Objective To explore the expression and clinical significance of chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6)/chemokine ligand 20(CCL20) axis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods From March 2003 to December 2005,48 patients with HCC were selected,and one specimen of HCC tissue and one of corresponding adjacent tissue were taken from every patient.Another eight patients with benign liver lesions were selected,and one specimen of surgical sectioned normal liver tissue of each was taken.The relative expression quantity of CCR6 and CCL20 at mRNA level was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).And the expression of CCR6 and CCL20 at protein level was determined by immunohistochemisty methods.One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for comparison among groups of measurement data.Chi-square test was used for rate comparison.The correlation coefficient was calculated by Spearman's method.Survival curves were plotted by Kaplan-Meier method and the survival rate was compared by Log-rank test.Results The relative expression quantity of CCR6/CCL20 at mRNA level in HCC tissues (0.99±0.21 and 0.46± 0.11) were significantly higher than those of para carcinoma tissues (0.33 ± 0.09 and 0.31 ± 0.07) and normal liver tissues (0.22±0.06 and 0.28±0.05),and the differences were statistically significant (F=127.43 and 21.10,both P＜0.05).The positive percentage of CCR6 protein expression in HCC tissues (54.17％,26/48) was significantly higher than that in para carcinoma tissues (16.67％,8/48) and normal liver tissues (0/8),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =19.55,P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the positive percentage of CCL20 protein expression among HCC tissues (50.00％,24/48),paracarcinoma tissues (33.33％,16/48),normal liver tissues (2/8) (all P＜0.05).There was correlation between the positive percentage of CCR6 protein expression and that of CCL20 protein expression in HCC tissues (r=0.42,P＜0.05).The positive percentage of CCR6 protein expression was correlated with the pTNM stage of HCC,vascular tumor thrombosis,intrahepatic metastasis and lung metastasis (x2 =5.48,4.02,5.07 and 5.19,all P＜0.05).The positive percentage of CCL20 expression was significantly correlated to tumor maximum diameter and pTNM stage (x2 =4.09 and 4.00,both P＜0.05).Both the disease-free survival (DFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate of CCR6-positive group were significantly lower than those of negative group (x2 =4.57 and 6.57,both P＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in DFS rate and OS rate between CCL20-positive group and negative group (both P＞0.05).Conclusion CCR6/CCL20 axis may be related with the malignant behavior and the prognosis of HCC.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of modified early warning score (MEWS) and SMART-COP score on mechanical ventilation in patients with severe influenza A H1N1. Methods Fifty cases diagnosed with severe influenza A H1N1 were retrospectively analyzed. The MEWS and SMART-COP score were calculated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was evaluated using ROC curve. MEWS, SMART-COP score and AUC were analyzed by Z test. Results The AUCs of MEWS and SMART-COP score for predicting mechanical ventilation were 0. 923 and 0. 889, respectively, which were not significantly different (Z=0. 548, P =0. 584).Conclusion Both of MEWS and SMART-COP score are predictive factors of mechanical ventilation in the patients with severe influenza A H1N1.

BACKGROUND: Uncoupling of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is the main cause for transplantation rejection, and it is the best way to prevent transplantation rejection by induce immunological tolerance of the recipient to the donor organ. Self-tolerant T cells can be obtained by negative selection in thymus, whether the intrathymic injection of allogenic antigen can get the immunological tolerance to the antigen?OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of intrathymic injection of allogenic antigen on inducing immunological tolerance in nerve transplantation.DESIGN: A comparative observation.SETTINGS: Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University; Department of Orthopaedics, Fourth Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University.MATERIALS: Thirty donor C57BL/6 mice (H-2b), male, aged from 6-8 weeks, weighing 18-22 g, were purchased from the Veterinarian Institute of Heilongjiang Province; While 60 recipient Balb/c mice (H-2b) female, aged from 6-8 weeks, weighing 18-22 g, from Beijing Experimental Animal Center. MHC (H-2b) antigen was prepared by the Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, and the concentration of protein was 4.4 g/L.METHODS: The experiments were carried out in the Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University from June to November 2002. The recipient Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: intrathymic injection group, syngenic transplantation group, allogenic transplantation group and immunosuppressant drug group. MHC (H-2b) antigen was extracted from splenic cells of donor C57BL/6 mice and injected intrathymically into recipient Balb/c mice (H-2d). Two weeks later, the sciatic nerve was transplanted to the recipient mice. Mixed lymphocyte reaction and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) were detected at 3 weeks after transplantation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The differences of mixed lymphocyte reaction and DTH were compared among the groups.RESULTS: All the 30 donor C25BL/6 mice (H-2b) and 60 recipient Balb/c mice (H-2d) were involved in the analysis of results.①Results of mixed lymphocyte reaction: The cell proliferations in the syngenic transplantation group and intrathymic injection group were obviously lower than that in the allogenic transplantation group [(546.1±75.1), (2 668.3±533.8), (3 101.3±429.1), (4 312.3±534.1) minutes-1, P＜0.05].②Results of DTH: The thicknesses difference between two pads in the syngenic transplantation group and intrathymic injection group were obviously lower than that in the allogenic transplantation group [(41.1±3.7), (72.1±5.1), (57.6±11.3), (86.2±13.2)μm, P＜0.05].CONCLUSION:The intrathymic injection of donor H-2b antigen could induce immunological tolerance of nerve transplantation.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression of adhesion molecule CD146 and the vulnerability of carotid atherosclerotic plaque.Methods The plaque samples were collected from 40 patients who underwent the carotid endarterectomy and were divided into the stable plaque group and the instable plaque group by ultrasound imaging.Five carotid artery samples were taken from the healthy donors as the control.Immunohistochemistry was applied to test the CD146 expression in all samples.Results Higher expression of CD146 was observed in the atherosclerotic plaques than in the healthy control.Moreover,statistical difference was found in the expression of CD146 in the plaques between the instable plaque group and the stable plaque group (0.31 ± 0.19 vs 0.17 ± 0.07,P ＜ 0.05).The expression of CD146 was positively correlated with the necrotic area (r =0.471 8,P =0.019 9) and the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression in the plaques (r =0.535 6,P =0.000 9).Conclusion The CD146 expression is correlated with the vulnerability of carotid atherosclerotic plaque.