Gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD） is a gastrointestinal motility disorder characterized by the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus， leading to symptoms such as acid reflux and heartburn. The incidence of GERD is closely associated with psychological disorders， including anxiety and depression. The brain-gut axis， serving as a mediator of the bidirectional connection between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract， plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of GERD with anxiety and depression. Various therapeutic approaches， including compound Chinese medicine internal therapy （such as Pingchong jiangni decoction， Tiaozhong huashi decoction， etc.）， combination therapy of internal and external Chinese medicine （such as Lianzhi xiere decoction combined with acupoint application， acupuncture at the back segment of governor vessel plus Chinese medication of soothing the liver and gallbladder， etc.）， and combination therapy of internal Chinese and western medicine （including Jianpi shugan decoction combined with rabeprazole， rabeprazole combined with Jianzhong jiangni decoction， etc.）， have been shown to regulate brain-gut peptides， intestinal flora， inflammatory factors and gastrointestinal hormones， thereby effectively alleviating GERD symptoms， anxiety and depression， and enhancing patients’ quality of life.

National health standards involve all kinds of technical requirements formulated and numbered in accordance with the procedures and formats stipulated in the standardisation system for the implementation of national health and hygiene laws, regulations and policies, and the protection of human health. The establishment of health standards in China should align with our legal framework, including laws, regulations, departmental rules, and health and hygiene policies. During the development of these standards, a comprehensive approach is advocated, encompassing in-depth investigations, rigorous demonstrations, and extensive stakeholder engagement. However, the process of standard formulation may suffer from insufficient research evidence. The evidence-based concept emphasizes the significance of evidence. Therefore, integrating evidence-based concept into the process of developing health standards can enhance the quality and scientific basis of these standards. This article systematically elucidates the current status and development process of health standards in China, explores the necessity and feasibility of incorporating evidence-based concept into the development of these standards, analyzes the challenges and opportunities, and presents reflections and suggestions.

In order to understand the status quo of ethical review of clinical research on the defecation function of patients with rectal cancer after sphincter-preserving surgery, analyze its causes and put forward corresponding suggestions, to arouse researchers’ attention to ethical review in subsequent relevant clinical studies. The ethical review of literatures related to the defecation function of patients with rectal cancer after sphincter-preserving surgery published on CNKI in recent 10 years was sorted out and summarized. The results showed that the ethical review of clinical research papers on defecation function of patients with rectal cancer after sphincter-preserving surgery was not optimistic. We should strengthen the ethical training of researchers, improve the ethical awareness of researchers, strictly implement the ethical norms of paper publication, strengthen the ethical requirements of manuscript contracts, perfect the ethical review system, and pay attention to the examination and supervision of informed consent, so as to promote the construction of ethical examination and approval norms of clinical research documents.

Acute pancreatitis （AP） is one of the most clinically common acute digestive disorders characterized by quick onset，rapid progression，severe condition，and high mortality. If the disease is not timely intervened in the early stage，it can develop into severe AP in the later stage，which damages the long-term quality of life and brings serious economic burden to patients and their families. However， the pathogenesis of this disease is complex and has not been fully explained. The generation and development of AP is closely related to many signaling pathways. Among them，Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4），as a transmembrane signal transduction receptor，can mediate immune response and inflammatory response，and play a key role in the occurrence and development of AP. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）can regulate the TLR4 signaling pathway with multiple targets，multiple effects，and multiple administration methods to inhibit inflammatory response，and effectively intervene in the progression of AP， which has gradually become a new craze for preventing and treating AP. Many studies have shown that TCM has obvious advantages in the prevention and treatment of AP. It can effectively treat AP by regulating TLR4 signaling pathway，strengthening immune resistance and defense，and inhibiting inflammatory response. Despite of the research progress，there is still a lack of comprehensive review on TCM regulation of TLR4 signaling pathway in the treatment of AP. Therefore，the literature on TCM regulation of TLR4 signaling pathway published in recent years was systematically reviewed and elaborated，aiming to provide new ideas for the treatment of AP and further drug development.

Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a chronic， non-specific inflammatory bowel disease. The pathogenesis of this disease is complex and is attributed to multiple factors. Intestinal mucosal barrier damage is the basic pathological change of UC， and intestinal flora disorder is one of the important characteristics of UC. Intestinal flora plays a key role in the pathological process of UC by regulating intestinal mucosal immunity and inflammatory response to repair the damaged intestinal mucosal barrier. At present， western medicine has the advantages of rapid action onset and significant short-term efficacy， but the curative effect of long-term use is not good， accompanied by many adverse reactions， causing great physical and mental pain to patients. Therefore， it is urgent to explore new treatment methods with definite long-term efficacy and mild adverse reactions. A large number of studies have shown that Chinese medicine can regulate intestinal flora through multiple targets in an all-around way， restore the homeostasis of the flora， and repair the damaged intestinal mucosal barrier， thereby inhibiting the progression of UC. Numerous studies have shown that the active components， monomers， and compounds of Chinese medicine can effectively antagonize UC by regulating the intestinal flora to improve the intestinal mucosal immunity， reduce the inflammatory response of the intestinal mucosa， and restore the normal physiological function of the intestinal mucosal barrier， providing a new strategy for UC prevention and treatment. Although there are some studies of the regulation of intestinal flora by Chinese medicine to prevent and treat UC， those studies have the shortcomings of systematic and comprehensive inadequacy. Therefore， based on the research status of UC， intestinal flora， and Chinese medicine treatment， this study reviewed the relationship between intestinal flora and UC and clarified the key role of intestinal flora in the occurrence and development of UC. At the same time， this paper comprehensively summarized the Chinese medicine that targeted the regulation of intestinal flora for the treatment of UC in the past five years to provide new strategies and ideas for UC treatment.

Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with complex etiology. The pathogenesis of this disease， due to a combination of factors， is complex and has not yet been elucidated. Among them， intestinal mucosal barrier damage is the basic pathological change of UC. As a non-destructive response of cells， autophagy regulates intestinal mucosal immunity， inflammation， oxidative stress， and bacterial homeostasis through degradation and reabsorption to actively repair damaged intestinal mucosal barrier， exerting a key role in the occurrence and development of UC. The disease is mainly treated clinically with aminosalicylic acid preparations， glucocorticoids， and immunosuppressants. Western medicine treatment of the disease has a fast onset of effect， and the short-term efficacy is definite， but the long-term application is easy to be accompanied by more adverse reactions. Moreover， some drugs are expensive， bringing great physical and mental pain and economic burden to patients. Therefore， it is urgent to explore new therapies with stable efficacy and mild adverse effects. In recent years， a large number of studies have shown that Chinese medicine can regulate autophagy of the intestinal mucosa with multiple targets and effects and repair the intestinal mucosal barrier function， thereby inhibiting the development of UC. Many experiments have shown that the active ingredient or monomers and compound formulas of Chinese medicine can improve the immunity of the intestinal mucosa， inflammation， oxidative stress， and flora by regulating the level of autophagy to maintain the normal function of the intestinal mucosal barrier to effectively intervene in UC， providing a new measure for the prevention and treatment of UC. However， there is a lack of systematic review of Chinese medicine in regulating the level of autophagy in the intestinal mucosa for the prevention and treatment of UC. Therefore， based on the current research on UC， autophagy process， and Chinese medicine treatment， this article reviewed the relationship of autophagy and its key target proteins with UC to clarify the key role of autophagy in UC production and systematically summarized Chinese medicines targeting the regulation of autophagy to treat UC in recent years to provide new ideas for the treatment and drug development of UC.

Objective:To explore the effects of different health education methods on patients with enterostomy using a network Meta-analysis, so as to provide a theoretical basis for patients with enterostomy to choose the health education method.Methods:Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of different health education methods in patients with enterostomy were electronically searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Medline, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, VIP, and WanFang Data, supplemented by other manual search methods. The search period was from database establishment to May 31, 2023. This study extracted data, conducted methodological quality evaluation, and used Stata 15.0 software for network Meta-analysis.Results:A total of 30 RCTs were included, involving 7 health education methods. The probability ranking of the network Meta-analysis showed that in terms of enhancing self-care ability, the effects were ranked from high to low as personalized education, internet platform education, nursing pathway education, visual education, mind mapping education, peer support education, and routine health education. In terms of promoting the level of stoma adaptation, the order of effects from high to low was visual education, internet platform education, peer support education, and routine health education. In terms of improving quality of life, the order of effects from high to low was internet platform education, personalized education, peer support education, and routine health education.Conclusions:Personalized education has certain advantages in enhancing the self-care ability of patients with enterostomy, visual education is advantageous in promoting the social adaptation of patients, and internet platform education has certain advantages in improving the quality of life. This study can effectively guide clinical nurses to choose appropriate health education methods based on the purpose of health education, in order to heighten the effectiveness of patient health education.

In recent years,endovascular intervention therapy has gained popularity due to its advantages of minimal trauma and quick recovery,and become an essential method for treating cerebrovascular diseases.As a crucial surgical instrument in interventional therapy,catheters often require precise control of their tips to navigate through tortuous positions.Traditional catheters have shortages of fixed tip shapes,limited proximal torque transmission,and difficulty of manipulation,increasing the risk of complications during interventional procedures and prolonging surgical exposure time.With the rapid development of materials science and engineering,steerable catheter systems have become the spotlight of interventional physicians,making precise"bend control"possible.This article systematically explained the classification of steerable catheter systems,focusing on their application in neurointerventional therapy,and provided an outlook on the future development of steerable catheters.

The Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)is related to the dynamic disorder of the digestive tract caused by the imbalance of the viscera and meridians.The spleen and stomach are the hub of the qi machinery,transforming the essence of water and valley into energy and regulating the Yin and Yang of all bodies.The sympathetic balance between Ren-Du and Qi is the motivity of the spleen and stomach.Interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC)are the hub of digestive motility,which can maintain mitochondrial energy metabolism through mitochondrial autophagy and improve the digestive motility.Therefore,in this paper,the molecular biological basis of GERD was discussed based on the"regulating pivot with pivot"theory that the pivots of viscera and meridians drive ICC mitochondrial energy balance.It also explains the feasibility of Qi-Shi-Sheng-Jiang-Gui-Yuan Decoction in treating GERD based on"regulating pivot with pivot",which is helpful to realize the microscopization and concretization of"regulating pivot with pivot"theory and realize the modernization of TCM theory.

Ulcerative colitis （UC）， a disease that affects the colon or rectum， is characterized by long-term recurrent inflammation and eventually leads to ulcers in the inner wall of the intestine. The disease has a high incidence and is difficult to be cured， which causes severe physical and mental discomfort and economic burden to the patients. Therefore， it is urgent to develop new therapies with high cure rate and low side effect. The pathological mechanism of UC is complex and involves multiple factors. The intestinal mucosal barrier damage is the main pathological basis of UC， which is a hot topic and a new research direction. Intestinal tight junction （TJ）， as the structural basis of the intestinal mucosal mechanical barrier， can actively regulate mucosal function and play a key role in the pathogenesis of UC. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） can regulate TJ protein via multiple pathways and multiple targets， repair the intestinal mucosal barrier， and thus block the progression of UC. Studies have demonstrated that Chinese herbal medicines and their components， Chinese medicine compound prescriptions， and Chinese medicine preparations can treat UC by regulating TJ protein to maintain the function and reduce the permeability of intestinal epithelium， providing a new therapeutic strategy for UC. Although TCM has unique advantages that western medicine cannot replace by mediating TJ protein expression in UC， a comprehensive review of this field remains to be carried out. Focusing on the status of UC and TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment， we retrieved relevant articles with ''ulcerative colitis''， ''tight junction''， and ''Chinese medicine'' as the keywords， and summarized the relationship of TJ and its key target proteins with UC to clarify the critical role of TJ in UC pathophysiology. Furthermore， we summarized the Chinese medicines regulating TJ in the treatment of UC in recent years， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of drugs for this disease.