Childhood simple obesity has become a significant public health issue in China. Modern medicine primarily relies on lifestyle interventions and often suffers from poor long-term compliance， while pharmacological options are limited and associated with potential adverse effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） has a long history in the prevention and management of this condition， demonstrating eight distinct advantages， including systematic theoretical foundation， diversified therapeutic approaches， definite therapeutic efficacy， high safety profile， good patient compliance， comprehensive intervention strategies， emphasis on prevention， and stepwise treatment protocols. Additionally， TCM is characterized by six distinctive features： the use of natural medicinal substances， non-invasive external therapies， integration of medicinal dietetics， simple exercise regimens， precise syndrome differentiation， and diverse dosage forms. By combining internal and external treatments， TCM facilitates individualized regimen adjustment and holistic regulation， demonstrating remarkable effects in improving obesity-related metabolic indicators， regulating constitutional imbalance， and promoting healthy behaviors. However， challenges remain， such as inconsistent operational standards， insufficient high-quality clinical evidence， and a gap between basic research and clinical application. Future efforts should focus on accelerating the standardization of TCM diagnosis and treatment， conducting multicenter randomized controlled trials， and fostering interdisciplinary integration， so as to enhance the scientific validity and international recognition of TCM in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical effect and safety of nicorandil combined with different doses of tirofiban in the treatment of elderly patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI）. METHODS A total of 162 elderly patients with STEMI admitted to our hospital from June 1， 2022 to June 1， 2024 were retrospectively enrolled. All patients received percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） and conventional treatment of STEMI， and used nicorandil （5 mg each time， tid） and tirofiban. According to the use of tirofiban， the patients were divided into conventional-dose group （n＝104） and half-dose group （n＝58）. Patients in the conventional-dose group received an intracoronary injection of 10 μg/kg tirofiban， followed by intravenous infusion of 0.1 μg/（kg·min） for 48 h； patients in the half-dose group received an intracoronary injection of 5 μg/kg tirofiban， followed by intravenous infusion of 0.05 μg/（kg·min） for 48 h. Related indexes of PCI （the proportion of patients with grade 3 of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction， no reflow in infarct related artery， percentage decrease in total ST-segment elevation ＞50% on electrocardiogram 2 hours after PCI）， cardiac function parameters before and after treatment （troponin I， N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide contents and left ventricular ejection fraction）， bleeding events during treatment （gingival bleeding， epistaxis， mucosal bleeding， gastrointestinal bleeding） and other adverse events （all-cause death， non-fatal reinfarction， hypotension， ventricular fibrillation， acute heart failure） were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS There were no significant differences in related parameters of PCI， cardiac function parameters after treatment， the incidences of gingival bleeding， epistaxis and gastrointestinal bleeding， the total incidence of bleeding events， or the incidence of other adverse events during treatment between 2 groups （P＞0.05）， but the incidence of mucosal bleeding in the conventional-dose group was significantly higher than the half-dose group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The clinical effect of nicorandil combined with half-dose tirofiban in the treatment of elderly patients with acute STEMI is comparable to that of nicorandil combined with conventional dose of tirofiban， but the mucosal bleeding risk of the former is lower than that of the latter. Therefore， patients at risk of mucosal bleeding are more suitable to use the previous regimen.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoji Hufei Formula in protecting children with close contact exposure to influenza， and to provide reference and evidence-based support for better clinical prevention and treatment of influenza in children. MethodsA multicenter， prospective， non-randomized， parallel， controlled trial was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 in five hospitals， including Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Confirmed influenza cases and influenza-like illness （ILI） cases were collected， and eligible children with close contact exposure to these cases were recruited in the outpatient clinics. According to whether the enrolled close contacts were willing to take Xiaoji Hufei formula for influenza prevention， they were assigned to the observation group （108 cases） or the control group （108 cases）. Follow-up visits were conducted on days 7 and 14 after enrollment. The primary outcomes were the incidence of ILI and the rate of laboratory-confirmed influenza. Secondary outcomes included traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score scale for influenza， influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate， influenza hospitalization rate， and time to onset after exposure to influenza cases. ResultsA total of 216 participants were enrolled， with 108 in the observation group and 108 in the control group. Primary outcomes： （1） Incidence of ILI： The incidence was 12.0% （13/108） in the observation group and 23.1% （25/108） in the control group， with the observation group showing a significantly lower incidence （χ²=4.6， P<0.05）. （2） Influenza confirmation rate： 3.7% （4/108） in the observation group and 4.6% （5/108） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference. Secondary outcomes： （1） TCM symptom score scale： after onset， nasal congestion and runny nose scores differed significantly between the two groups （P<0.05）， while other symptoms such as fever， sore throat， and cough showed no significant differences. （2） Influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate： 84.6% （11 cases） in the observation group and 96.0% （24 cases） in the control group， with no significant difference. （3） Time to onset after exposure： The median onset time after exposure to index patients was 7 days in the observation group and 4 days in the control group， with a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn previously healthy children exposed to infectious influenza cases under unprotected conditions， Xiaoji Hufei formula prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of ILI. Xiaoji Hufei Formula can be recommended as a specific preventive prescription for influenza in children.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoji Hufei Formula in protecting children with close contact exposure to influenza， and to provide reference and evidence-based support for better clinical prevention and treatment of influenza in children. MethodsA multicenter， prospective， non-randomized， parallel， controlled trial was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 in five hospitals， including Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Confirmed influenza cases and influenza-like illness （ILI） cases were collected， and eligible children with close contact exposure to these cases were recruited in the outpatient clinics. According to whether the enrolled close contacts were willing to take Xiaoji Hufei formula for influenza prevention， they were assigned to the observation group （108 cases） or the control group （108 cases）. Follow-up visits were conducted on days 7 and 14 after enrollment. The primary outcomes were the incidence of ILI and the rate of laboratory-confirmed influenza. Secondary outcomes included traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score scale for influenza， influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate， influenza hospitalization rate， and time to onset after exposure to influenza cases. ResultsA total of 216 participants were enrolled， with 108 in the observation group and 108 in the control group. Primary outcomes： （1） Incidence of ILI： The incidence was 12.0% （13/108） in the observation group and 23.1% （25/108） in the control group， with the observation group showing a significantly lower incidence （χ²=4.6， P<0.05）. （2） Influenza confirmation rate： 3.7% （4/108） in the observation group and 4.6% （5/108） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference. Secondary outcomes： （1） TCM symptom score scale： after onset， nasal congestion and runny nose scores differed significantly between the two groups （P<0.05）， while other symptoms such as fever， sore throat， and cough showed no significant differences. （2） Influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate： 84.6% （11 cases） in the observation group and 96.0% （24 cases） in the control group， with no significant difference. （3） Time to onset after exposure： The median onset time after exposure to index patients was 7 days in the observation group and 4 days in the control group， with a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn previously healthy children exposed to infectious influenza cases under unprotected conditions， Xiaoji Hufei formula prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of ILI. Xiaoji Hufei Formula can be recommended as a specific preventive prescription for influenza in children.

Objective To explore the correlation between the triglyceride glucose-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR) and heart failure (HF) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI),(AMI-HF). Methods Clinical data of AMI patients admitted to Department of Cardiology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, from January 2020 to January 2024 were retrospectively collected. Triglycerides, fasting glucose, waist circumference, and height data were collected to calculate TyG-WHtR. The correlation between TyG-WHtR and AMI-HF was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the ability of TyG-WHtR in predicting AMI-HF. Results A total of 572 AMI patients were included in the study, of whom 102 (17.8%) AMI patients developed HF within one year after surgery. The TyG-WHtR index in the HF group was significantly elevated compared to the group without HF ([5.5±0.4] vs [4.7±0.3], P＜0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that TyG-WHtR was an independent risk factor for AMI-HF. The area under curve (AUC) of 0.78 for TyG-WHtR in predicting AMI-HF (P＜0.001); the AUC of the combination of TyG-WHtR and PCI time in predicting AMI-HF was 0.81 (P＜0.001). Conclusions The TyG-WHtR index is an independent risk factor for AMI-HF and can be an effective indicator for predicting the risk of postoperative HF in AMI patients.

Objective To investigate the value of human papilloma virus(HPV)DNA,HPV E6/E7 protein and thin-prep cytology test(TCT)in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)and cervical cancer screening.Methods A total of 190 adult women who received early cervical cancer screening in Department of Gynecology,Zhuji People's Hospital from July 2021 to June 2022 were selected as the study objects.HPV DNA,HPV E6/E7 protein and TCT were detected,respectively,and further colposcopic biopsy was performed.The diagnostic efficacy of HPV DNA,HPV E6/E7 protein and TCT in patients with different lesions were compared.Results The positive rates of HPV DNA,HPV E6/E7 protein,TCT and combined detection in CIN3 and cervical cancer patients were significantly higher than those in cervicitis patients(P<0.05).The positive rates of HPV DNA,HPV E6/E7 protein,TCT and combined detection in cervical cancer patients were significantly higher than those in CIN1 patients(P<0.05).The positive rates of HPV DNA,HPV E6/E7 protein,TCT and combined detection in CIN2+ patients were significantly higher than those in CIN1-patients.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of HPV DNA,HPV E6/E7 protein and TCT in the diagnosis of high-grade lesions were 90.80%,30.10%,52.32%and 79.48%,respectively.Conclusion HPV DNA,HPV E6/E7 protein and TCT can be used as screening methods for cervical cancer and precancerous lesions,with the combination of the three being the most sensitive.

Objective:This study was designed to explore the distribution pattern of TCM syndrome types in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) stage 3-5 without alternative treatment after objective collection of TCM quad-diagnostic instruments.Methods:The four-diagnostic instruments of Chinese medicine were used to collect the four-diagnostic information of patients with stage CKD 3-5 non-alternative treatment for syndrome determination, and the correlation between TCM syndrome and basic disease characteristics of patients was analyzed.Results:The distribution of TCM syndrome types in 464 patients with CKD 3-5 stage non-substitution therapy was based on deficiency syndrome, and had both standard and solid syndrome. Qi-deficiency syndrome was the most common type, accounting for 24.6% (114/464), followed by kidney-yang deficiency syndrome, heart-qi deficiency syndrome, kidney-yin deficiency syndrome, heart-blood deficiency syndrome, spleen-yang deficiency syndrome and lung-yin deficiency syndrome. The positivism type of this deficiency is blood stasis, dampness-heat, moisture, turbidity and turbidity toxicity. There was no significant difference in gender and age distribution among patients with different CKD stages ( P>0.05), but the proportion of deficiency syndrome gradually increased with the increase of age. There were differences in the distribution of primary deficiency syndrome in different CKD stages ( χ2=57.48, P<0.001), but no difference in the distribution of primary deficiency syndrome ( χ2=2.59, P=0.957). Conclusions:According to the four diagnostic instrument of traditional Chinese medicine, the distribution of TCM syndrome types in patients with stage CKD3-5 non-alternative treatment is based on deficiency syndrome, combined with deficiency of primary and solid syndrome. The syndrome types in CKD3 stage were mainly qi deficiency and kidney qi deficiency, while the TCM syndrome types in CKD stage 4 were qi deficiency and kidney Yang deficiency. With the progression of the disease, the TCM syndromes of stage 5 CKD were mainly heart-qi deficiency and kidney-yang deficiency.

  Objective  To promote the development of high-quality health standards in China and summarize the characteristics of global health standards management systems and development processes.  Methods  We conducted a systematic search of relevant databases and the websites of standardization institutions. A descriptive method was used to analyze the basic characteristics of the standard management systems and development processes.  Results  The majority of the investigated countries and organizations primarily implement voluntary standards, with the exception of Chinese and the European Committee for Standardization that enforce compulsory standards. All countries and organizations have health standards at the national, group, and enterprise levels. In China and Japan, standards authorities are subordinate to the government, while in other countries or organizations, they operate as independent civil societies. The development process for health standards generally involves five stages: "Project/Proposal → Draft → Enquiry → Review → Publication". However, the specific steps in the development of health standards vary across different countries and organizations. Furthermore, China ranks high in the number of both standards and health standards issued, but the proportion of health standards is only 2.06%.  Conclusions  There are significant differences between China and other countries in terms of the management system and development process of health standards. To promote the management and development of high-quality health standards in China, we recommend promoting the coordination mechanism for standard development, increasing efforts to publicize standards and evaluate the implementation effect, strengthening the construction of personnel for the development of health standards, optimizing the efficiency of standard development and improving the internationalization level of health standards.

Subretinal fibrosis(SRF),the end pathological stage of neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nAMD),can cause severe and irreversible vision loss in patients.In recent years,the high clinical incidence of SRF and the severe visual impairment it causes have led to a rapid development of SRF-related research.In order to systematically understand the clinical progress of SRF,recent studies on SRF secondary to nAMD were reviewed in this article.

Humans ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology* ; Genetic Markers ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics* ; Urothelium/pathology*