The incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents are increasing around the world,along with the suboptimal glucose control and higher incidence of long-term chronic complications during adulthood.Achieving good glycemic control and avoiding brain function damages induced by hypoglycemia are important when treating type 1 diabetes.Insulin lispro,a rapid-acting insulin used either alone or in combination with basal insulin analogue,can be effective,safety,and flexible.

There exists close relationship between the damp-heat and the occurrence, development, treatment and prognosis of kidney diseases. The occurrence of damp-heat is based on water and wetness, which may come from outside or may be caused by internal damage. The water and wetness can change into heat if they are stored in the body for a long period, and the combination of water and wetness and heat may cause damp-heat syndrome. The function of spleen and stomach plays the most important role in the water metabolism of sanjiao. Kidney diseases are mainly caused by damp-heat of spleen and stomach resulted from internal damage of spleen and stomach, and symptoms of damp-heat of middle-jiao are commonly seen in most patients of chronic kidney diseases. During the development from renal function damage to renal failure, the remaining of damp-heat in san-jiao can affect the function of spleen and stomach for transportation, transformation and digestion, resulting in the symptoms of dysfunction of spleen and stomach. Regulating the function of spleen and stomach is one of the most important therapeutic methods for kidney diseases.

Objective To explore the reason of incidence of thrombophlebitis in lung cancer patients undergoing peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in order to seek appropriate nursing measures. Methods Reason analysis for incidence of thrombophlebitis in lung cancer patients undergoing peripherally inserted central catheter was carried out from August 2002 to June 2005. Results Blood stasis, vacular endangium injury by repeated puncture and uncorrect tube-sealing technique could cause thrombophlebitis. Conclusions Thrombophlebitis of lung cancer patients after PICC should not be ignored. We should give effect measures to prevent its occurrence.

Objective To explore the influence of the comfort care in treatment of disease.Methods From January 2005 to May 2009,914 patients were enrolled and randomly divided into the study group(n=457) and the control group(n=457).The control group was carried out in the way of the routine care,the study group had been provided the comfort care on the basis of the routine care.Comfortability degree,satisfactory,recognition of disease and treatment and adverse effect were observed.Results The rate of comfortability degree,satisfactory,recognition of dis-ease and treatment in the control group were significantly lower than the study group(P<0.05).The rate of adverse effect in the study group were significantly lower than the control group(P(0.05).Conclusion Comfort care could ensure the patients'sense of comfort,and improve the degree of satisfaction and the quality of the nursing care.

0.05);the IC_(50) values of DDP to A549 and A549/DDP were 1.06 ?g/ml and 8.06 ?g/ml,respectively(P

Objective To investigate the value of chest CT in the early diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) complicated with streptococcus pneumonia (SP) in children. Methods Seventy- eight children with pneumonia were selected, among them pneumonia mycoplasma IgM positive but pneumonia streptococcus hemoculture negative was in 45 cases (control group), and pneumonia mycoplasma IgM and pneumonia streptococcus hemoculture positive was in 33 cases (observation group). The chest CT performance was compared between 2 groups. Results The incidences of ground- glass opacity, bronchial wall thickening, branch pipe bundle thickening and reticular shadow in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group: 15.15% (5/33) vs. 73.33% (33/45), 42.42% (14/33) vs. 100.00%(45/45), 33.33%(11/33) vs. 86.67%(39/45) and 36.36%(12/33) vs. 80.00%(36/45), and there were statistical differences (P<0.01); there was no statistical difference in the incidence of bronchial inflation phase between 2 groups (P>0.05). The pleural effusion incidences, pleural effusion thickness and lymph node transverse diameter in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group:42.42%(14/33) vs. 15.56%(7/45), (13.50 ± 6.81) mm vs. (3.22 ± 1.14) mm and (11.18 ± 2.43) mm vs. (2.91 ± 0.84) mm, and there were statistical differences (P<0.01 or<0.05). The incidences of lymph node shadow in 2 groups were 100.00% (33/33 and 45/45). The incidence of irregular pulmonary real change shadow in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group: 81.82%(27/33) vs. 26.67% (12/45), and there was statistical difference (P<0.01). Conclusions Simple MP and MP complicated with SP in children has different CT manifestations, and the chest CT examination has certain value in the differential diagnosis.

Structural fat grafting has been considered as a valid option for soft-tissue augmentation in cosmetic surgery.However,its result has often been considered poor or unpredictable and is largely surgeon dependent.Less desirable outcome after fat grafting is probably due to lack of good surgical technique.In order to help plastic surgeons to gain more insight to this valid fat grafting technique,the author conducted a critical review of the current literature in this subject.To better address the findings of the study,the fat grafting technique was arbitrarily classified into 4 essential steps to determine how the donor sites should be selected and how the fat grafts should be harvested,processed,and placed.It becomes clear that several basics in an established fat grafting technique have gained much of scientific support and should be followed in order to achieve an optimal outcome for our patients.These basics include the proper selection of donor sites,to harvest fat grafts with an atraumatic technique,to process fat grafts with centrifugation in an appropriate setting,and to place fat grafts with a unique fashion.

Objective To study the effect of nasal endoscopic radio frequency in the treatment of concealed epistaxis. Methods A total of 50 cases of concealed epistaxis underwent nasal endoscopic radio frequency in this department between October 2000 and October 2003. Results Of the 50 cases, 35 were cured and 12 improved by cauterization on one session, and 3 were cured by repeated cauterization, the total effective rate being 100%. Conclusions Nasal endoscopic radio frequency for concealed epistaxis has advantages of accurate position location and low costs.

Objective To study the dose of IVGG in treating atypical Kawasaki disease(KD) at defervescence and the necessity.Methods Clinical data of 54 cases of atypical Kawasaski disease without coronary artery lesion (CAL) but with the abatement of fever in 10 days were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into there groups according to IVGG dosage ;group A (1g/kg IVGG n=11 ),group B(2g/kg n=24 ) and group C (blank n=19 ) .CAL was observed to at 14~21 days and 0.5year. Results Compared with group A and B, The rate of CAL was significantly higher (P0.05) . Conclusions In order to prevent CAL ,atypical Kawasaki disease(KD) children with confirmed diagnosis in 10 days should all be treated with IVGG whether with abatement of fever or not .The dose of 1g/kg IVGG would have satisfactory effects on atypical KD children at defervescence.

OBJECTIVE: The sole effective measure for cataract is replaced the epinephelos lens with intraocular lens. So, in this paper, we summarize the research process of intraocular lens, which can provide a reference for further study. METHODS: Medline, China Journal Net, Wanfang Data, SpringerLink, and ScienceDirect database were computer retrieved from 1997 to 2009. RESULTS: A total of 25 papers were included. All the papers were explained intraocular lens from the aspect of current situation, complication following implantation, and develop tendency. According to hardness, intraocular lens can be divided into hard intraocular lens and soft intraocular lens. Acrylic intraocular lenses showed better biocompatibility than the silicone intraocular lenses. In addition, the common complication following implantation was dislocation of lens. Therefore, the trend of further research was injection type intraocular lens. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that as a foreign body, the body would react to the implanted intraocular lens, which is a normal reaction. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the biocompatibility, postoperative visual function recovery, regulatory ability, as well as photoprotection in the design of intraocular lens.