Some Xylaria materials growing on the fruits of Liquidambar spp. were collected. They were identified as X. persicaria on the basis of morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of the complete ITS region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of rDNA. This is the first record of this species from Korea.
DNA, Ribosomal ; Fruit* ; Korea* ; Liquidambar* ; Sequence Analysis

OBJECTIVETo develop an HPLC method for content determination of dehydroabietic acid and abietic acid in aqueous alkali extract of Liquidambaris Resina.

METHODThe determination was carried out on a DIONEX C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) eluted with acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% acetic acid. The flow rate was 1 mL x min(-1), and the detected wavelength was set at 210, 240 nm.

RESULTThe peak areas and the sample quantity of the two components had good linear relationship in the range of 0.4-3.4 microg for dehydroabietic acid, and 0.6-4.8 microg for abietic acid. The average recoveries were 99.53%, 101.9%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe method was proved to be simple, accurate and used for the quality evaluation of Liquidambaris Resina.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Liquidambar ; chemistry

AIMTo study the chemical composition in the fruits of Liquidambar formana Hance.

METHODSVarious column chromatographic techniques were used to separate and purify the constituents. Their physical and chemical properties and spectral data were measured for structural elucidation.

RESULTSEleven compounds were isolated and identified as beta-sitosterol (1), 3-oxo-11 alpha, 12 alpha-epoxyleanan-28, 13 beta-olide (2), 3-oxo-12 alpha-hydroxy-oleanan-28, 13 beta-olide (3), 3 alpha-acetyloxy-25-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (4), oleanolic acid (5), ursolic acid (6), daucosterol (7), betulonic acid (8), gallic acid (9), nonacosane (10) and n-triacontanoic acid (11).

CONCLUSIONAmong the isolated constituents, compound 4 is new compound, compound 3 is firstly isolated from the natural product and compound 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 and 11 are isolated from LuLuTong for the first time.

Fruit ; chemistry ; Liquidambar ; chemistry ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

The Chinese medicine storax is one of the resuscitation-inducing aromatic herbs used to treat stoke, epilepsy, convulsion, etc. In this review, authors summarized the progress on chemical compositions and anti-cerebral injury effects of storax. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to determine the main chemical compositions of storax . And the anti-cerebral ischemia, anti-convulsion, and anti-memory defect effects of storax and its compound preparation were discussed. At last, authors have tried to propose a number of recommendations for the future research.
Animals ; Brain Diseases ; drug therapy ; Central Nervous System Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Liquidambar ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo develop the identification and assay methods for betulonic acid in fruits of Liquidambar formosana.

METHODTLC method was used for identification with silica gel G plate and petroleum ether(60-90 degrees C)-acetone (17:3) as a developing solvent. Betulonic acid in ethanol extract was separated on the ODS column with methanol-water-glacial acetic acid (87:13:0.1) as mobile phase. Flow-rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1), and column temperature 35 degrees C. ELSD drift-tube temperature was 82 degrees C, and gas flow 1.25 L x min(-1).

RESULTThe qualitative method is repeatable. Betulonic acid in ethanol extracts is well separated, relationship of logarithms of injection amount and peak area is linear (r = 0.9997) within the range of 0.65-3.25 microg. The average recovery is 98.0% and RSD of repeatability is 2.5%. 11 crude drugs purchased from different areas in the country were identified and quantified with the methods.

CONCLUSIONThe methods and data could be used for quality control of fruits of L. formosana.

Chromatography, Thin Layer ; methods ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Liquidambar ; chemistry ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVETo establish a determination method of aristolochic acid A in Guanxisuhe preparations by RP-HPLC.

METHODThe instrument used was Hewlett-Packard 1100 HPLC with a Alltech C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm). The mobile phase was methanol-water-acetic acid (68: 32:1) and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). The UV detection wavelength was 390 nm and the column temperature was at 35 degrees C. The extracted solvent for the preparations was methanol solution contained 10% formic acid.

RESULTThe calibration curve was linear (r = 0.999 9) within the range of 0.119-1.89 microg for aristolochic acid A. The average recovery 99.0%, RSD 0.63%.

CONCLUSIONThe method with good linear relationship was convenient, quick, accurate, and suitable for the quality control of the aristolochic acid A in Guanxinsuhe and other traditional Chinese medicines containing aristolochic acid A.

Aristolochia ; chemistry ; Aristolochic Acids ; analysis ; Capsules ; Cardiotonic Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Liquidambar ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo develop a RP-HPLC method for determination of cinnamic acid in rat plasma.

METHODThe plasma samples were acidified with acetic acid and extracted with chloroform. Cinnamic acid was separated on a Kromasil C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) eluted with a mobile phase of methanol-acetonitrile-water-glacial acetic acid (25:20:55:0.3) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1) and room temperature with UV detection at 278 nm, carbamazepine as internal standard.

RESULTThe standard curve was linear over the range of 4.0 to approximately 400 ng x mL (-1) r = 0..99 9. The LOQ was 4.0 ng x mL(-1), the mean extraction recovery of the spiked samples at low, middle and high levels was 86.4%, while the mean method recovery was 100.3%. The RSD of intra-day and inter-day were both less than 6.0%.

CONCLUSIONThe method was sensitive, specific, accurate and precise, which was used to study the pharmacokinetic profile of cinnamic acid in rat plasma after oral administration of the Subing orally disintegrating tablets.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Cinnamates ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Liquidambar ; chemistry ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tablets