Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children and has the features of high recurrence rate and low survival rate, and therefore, early diagnosis, treatment response evaluation, and recurrence monitoring are of great significance for NB patients. Liquid biopsy refers to the detection of cells and nucleic acids in fluid specimens, mainly blood. It is noninvasive and can overcome tumor heterogeneity, thus making it possible to achieve the early diagnosis and dynamic detection of NB. This review introduces the latest advances in clinical research on the application of liquid biopsy in NB.
Child ; Humans ; Liquid Biopsy ; Neuroblastoma/diagnosis*

The incidence and mortality of HCC in China account for approximately 50% of all cases worldwide. Low early diagnosis rate and high postoperative recurrence rate are two major causes for poor 5-year survival rate of HCC patients in China. At present, multiple problems such as low performance and compliance of screening technology and lack of effective markers for predicting postoperative recurrence, remain to be resolved. Due to the simplicity and accuracy, new molecular markers, such as liquid biopsy, are expected to serve as supplementary tools to traditional screening and early warning approaches, thereby realizing early detection and accurate treatment of HCC. In this article, research progress upon the clinical application of liquid biopsy in early screening and prediction of postoperative recurrence of HCC was reviewed, and prospects the future research.
Biomarkers ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology* ; Humans ; Liquid Biopsy ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology* ; Mass Screening ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local

The early diagnosis of lung cancer can improve the survival rate of patients. Using imaging method to screen high-risk population plays an important role in early detection and early diagnosis. More and more research shows that liquid biopsy can replace and supplement the method. Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNA (miRNA), exosomes, and tumor educated platelets (TEPs) in patients' peripheral blood can be used for the early diagnosis of lung cancer, and may provide appropriate medical advice for high-risk population with negative imaging finding. The full text reviews the detection methods of these markers, their value in the early diagnosis, as well as their advantages and limitations, in order to promote the application of liquid biopsy in the early diagnosis and other fields.
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Early Detection of Cancer ; methods ; Humans ; Liquid Biopsy ; methods ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis ; pathology

Peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer serving as the most frequent form of metastasis, is one of the leading causes of death. A portion of surgically treated patients often suffer from small peritoneal residual metastasis, which will lead to recurrence and metastasis of gastric cancer patients after surgery. Given these, the prevention and treatment of peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer deserves more attention. Molecular residual disease (MRD) refers to the molecular abnormalities of tumor origin that cannot be found by traditional imaging or other laboratory methods after treatment, but can be found by liquid biopsy, representing the possibility of tumor persistence or clinical progress. In recent years, the detection of MRD based on ctDNA has gradually become a research hotspot in the prevention and treatment of peritoneal metastasis. Our team established a new method for MRD molecular diagnosis of gastric cancer, and reviewed the research achievements in this field.
Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology* ; Peritoneal Neoplasms/secondary* ; Liquid Biopsy ; Neoplasm, Residual/genetics*

In recent years, the incidence of chest malignant tumors in China has increased year by year, which has seriously threatened the health problems of people. Among them, early screening and intervention of patients with chest malignancies is the key to cancer prevention. Early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment as the "three early prevention" of clinical practice are conducive to improve the survival rate of tumor patients. As a non-invasive and real-time reflection of tumor status, liquid biopsy has gradually received attention in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and exosomes as liquid biopsy "Three carriages" are not only widely used in the diagnosis, monitoring and prognostic evaluation of chest malignancies, but also face many unknown challenges. In this article, the application of liquid biopsy in chest malignancies in recent years is elaborated in detail, which provides a reference for the formulation of clinical tumor prevention and diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Humans ; Circulating Tumor DNA/genetics* ; Liquid Biopsy/methods* ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology* ; China ; Biomarkers, Tumor

OBJECTIVES: Due to the heterogeneous receptor distribution and changes of receptor status over time, the biochemical measurement of estrogen receptor status of biopsy specimens is not sufficient to diagnose breast cancer. As a result, I-123 labeled estradiols have been applied for the diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to develop a suitable radioligand for imaging estrogen receptor-positive human breast tumors. METHODS: Among the various estradiol derivatives, 17alpha-[123I]iodovinyl estradiol ([123I]IVE) has been prepared from 17alpha-ethynyl estradiol. Labeling of E-17alpha-[123I]iodovinyl estradiol (E-[123I]IVE) was carried out using peracetic acid with [123I]NaI and Z-[123I]IVE labelling was archived using chloamine- T/HCl solution with [123I]NaI. Labeling yield was determined by silica thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and radiochemical purity was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biodistribution of E-[123I]IVE was measured in immature female rats at 60 min, 120 min and 300 min after injection. RESULTS: The labeling yield of two isomers was 92% and 94% (E-[123I]IVE and Z-[123I]IVE, respectively). The radiochemical purity was more than 98% after purification. The highest uptake was observed at 120 min in uterus (3.11% ID/g for E-[123I]IVE). CONCLUSION: These results suggest the possibility of using E-[123I]IVE as an imaging agent for the evaluation of the presence of estrogen receptor in patients with breast cancer.
Animals ; Biopsy ; Breast Neoplasms ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Diagnosis ; Estradiol* ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Peracetic Acid ; Rats ; Silicon Dioxide ; Uterus

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a malignant tumor with strong invasiveness and high mortality. It has the characteristics of easy metastasis, fast growth, high degree of malignancy and strong invasiveness. The prognosis of patients is generally poor. The current clinical diagnosis of SCLC is mainly based on tissue biopsy, which is invasive, long cycle time and high cost. In recent years, liquid biopsy has been gradually applied because of its non-invasive, comprehensive and real-time characteristics that traditional tissue biopsy does not have. The main detection objects of liquid biopsy include circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and exosomes in peripheral blood. The application of liquid biopsy in the clinical treatment of SCLC will help clinicians to improve the detailed diagnosis of SCLC patients, as well as the timely control and response to the treatment response of patients.
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Biomarkers, Tumor ; Circulating Tumor DNA ; Humans ; Liquid Biopsy ; Lung Neoplasms/therapy* ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism* ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/therapy*

Lung cancer, with the highest incidence in China, is the leading cause of death in cancer patients. Of these, about 85% are patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of patients with lung cancer have always been a top priority nowadays. Fluid biopsy has many advantages, such as safety, convenience, repeatability, low trauma and so on, which are not available in traditional invasive biopsy. In recent years, with the rapid progress of molecular biological detection technology, fluid biopsy, as a new technology, has become the focus of attention. What's more, it contributes to the development of precision treatment and individualized treatment of lung cancer. Liquid biopsy mainly detects circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and exosomes in peripheral blood. We will make an introduce to the detection and clinical applications of ctDNA, CTCs and exocrine in this article, in order that it can provide insights into future clinical treatment for NSCLC.
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Biomarkers, Tumor ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/diagnosis* ; Circulating Tumor DNA ; Humans ; Liquid Biopsy ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis*

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel class of single-stranded RNAs with a closed loop structure. The majority of circRNAs are formed by a back-splicing process in pre-mRNA splicing. Their expression is dynamically regulated and shows spatiotemporal patterns among cell types, tissues and developmental stages. CircRNAs have important biological functions in many physiological processes, and their aberrant expression is implicated in many human diseases. Due to their high stability, circRNAs are becoming promising biomarkers in many human diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases and human cancers. In this review, we focus on the translational potential of using human blood circRNAs as liquid biopsy biomarkers for human diseases. We highlight their abundant expression, essential biological functions and significant correlations to human diseases in various components of peripheral blood, including whole blood, blood cells and extracellular vesicles. In addition, we summarize the current knowledge of blood circRNA biomarkers for disease diagnosis or prognosis.
Autoimmune Diseases/blood* ; Biomarkers, Tumor/blood* ; Cardiovascular Diseases/blood* ; Humans ; Liquid Biopsy ; Neoplasms/blood* ; RNA, Circular/blood* ; RNA, Neoplasm/blood*

Chinese herb nephropathy (CHN) is characterized by progressive tubulointerstitial nephritis and development of renal failure in a couple of years after diagnosis. Aristolochic acid (AA) is believed to be associated with the development of CHN. The authors report a case of CHN in which AA in the herb regimen was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A 32-year-old female presented with nausea, vomiting and generalized weakness. She had been taking Chinese herbs for symptomatic care. Clinical and laboratory examinations revealed Fanconi syndrome, renal failure, and severe anemia. Renal biopsy showed severe tubulointerstitial nephritis with moderate tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. She developed end-stage renal failure 4 months after diagnosis. The herb she had been taking was Aristolochia fangchi. HPLC technique was used to identify AA and to measure its concentration in the herb. From the clinical and laboratory data, the patient was diagnosed with CHN caused by aristolochic acid.
Adult ; Anemia ; Aristolochia* ; Aristolochic Acids ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Diagnosis ; Fanconi Syndrome ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Nausea ; Nephritis, Interstitial ; Renal Insufficiency ; Vomiting