Objective To evaluate the scientificity,transparency and applicability of Chinese guidelines and expert consensuses on nursing published in 2022,in order to improve the quality of guidelines and consensuses.Methods Databases including Medline,Embase,Web of Science,CBM,CNKI,WanFang database,Chinese Medical Journal,and related websites were electronically searched,as well as China Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan medical journals,to collect Chinese guidelines and expert consensuses on nursing from January to December 2022.STAR tool was used to evaluate the quality of each guidelines and consensuses by 3 assessors independently.Total score,scoring rate of each domain and item were adopted to analyze the outcomes.Results A total of 3 guidelines and 33 expert consensuses were included.The total guidelines and expert consensuses STAR score(33.5±14.3).The quality of guidelines and consensuses was low.The quality of guidelines was moderate with average score of 55.1,and the quality of consensuses was low with average score of 31.5.The included guidelines and consensuses had a highest score rate(52.4％)in the domain of recommendation.Among 39 items of STAR tool,the top 4 items including listing participants and institutions,explaining additional instructions for implementation,describing consensus method,and listing references for recommendations had a high score rate of 100％,83.3％,77.8％,75.0％respectively.However,the items of registration,providing registration information,protocols being searched on public platforms and explaining the role of funding had a low score rate,urgent need for attention and upgrading.Conclusion The overall quality of the Chinese guidelines and expert consensuses on nursing published in 2022 was low.As a medical and nursing practice guidance document,the quality of guidelines and expert consensuses should be improved by encouraging registration,strengthening management of interest conflict,enhancing the rigor of guideline developing process,and expanding the dissemination.

Objective:To explore the current situation of nursing human caring in hospital wards and analyze its influencing factors, so as to facilitate the development of nursing human caring practice.Methods:From July to November 2022, a total of 107 hospitals were surveyed through stratified convenience sampling method, and 4 072 ward nursing managers were recruited to finish the general information questionnaire and the ward nursing human caring status questionnaire. The general information included the region, class and type of the hospital, etc. The ward nursing human caring status questionnaire included 38 items in 5 dimensions of nursing human caring system and process, humanistic quality and training of nursing staff, humanistic environment and facilities, human caring procedures and measures, and human caring quality evaluation and improvement, with a full score of 190 points. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the general data, independent samples t-test, ANOVA and correlation analysis were used to analyze the factors influencing the current status of nursing human caring in the ward, while multiple linear regression analysis was used to conduct a multivariate analysis. Results:The score of nursing human caring in hospital wards was 156.91±27.78. Whether the hospital had carried out nursing human caring pilot(demonstration) wards, whether the ward had previously been a hospital nursing human caring pilot(demonstration) nursing unit, the type of ward, and whether nursing managers had participated in human caring training were the influencing factors of the implication of nursing humanistic caring in wards( P<0.05). Conclusions:The practice of nursing human caring in hospital wards is at a good level, but needs to be further strengthened. Nursing managers should take systematically strategies to promote the development of nursing human caring practice.

The article introduces the content and organization of the training program for newly recruited nurses in the three hospitals of Massachusetts General Hospital, Mayo Clinic, and University of Illinois Chicago Medical Center in the United States. This article also summarizes the characteristics and highlights of the program implementation, and discusses and analyzes the training program by combining the current situation of newly recruited nurses training in my country, and makes suggestions for further improvement in the future.

Hospitals today are confronted with new challenges in environmental hygiene management. Based on recent literatures and norms at home and abroad, this review analyzed such challenges and defects found in the environmental hygiene management of hospitals in China. The problems include but are not limited to the following: incomplete environmental management system and norms, insufficient staffing and funding support, lack of HR management mechanism in terms of employment, training, appraisal and reward/penalty, as well as poor hygiene awareness of hospital environmental services staff. In view of these problems in the hospitals, the authors provide specific countermeasures as follows: establishing new environmental hygiene management models, improving management mechanisms, creating positive and normalized cultural atmosphere for environmental infection control, and applying informatization to upgrade environmental hygiene quality. These measures are expected to serve as references for improving surrounding hygiene of patients.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate residents' knowledge, attitude and behavior towards coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hunan Province, and to explore the factors influencing behaviors. METHODS: A self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct an online survey for 4 139 Hunan residents. The contents included general population information, residents' knowledge, attitude and practice to COVID-19. RESULTS: Mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and behavior were 29.82±3.16, 6.71±1.12, and 14.93±1.45, respectively. Residents had the highest score of major symptoms of COVID-19 (3.96±0.39), but the lowest was the main transmission routes (3.47±0.89). A total of 22.68% of the residents were very or relatively afraid of the outbreak, but 95.22% of the residents had confidence in defeating COVID-19. In behavior dimension, "handling of suspicious symptoms" had the lowest score (3.58±0.75). The behavior implementation rate of "keep the surfaces of household items clean" (80.50%), "doing more exercise, reasonable diet, working and resting regularly" (84.59%), and "avoid hand contacting with eyes, mouth or nose" (89.51%) were relatively low. Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the knowledge, attitude, and practices score were correlated with each other (knowledge vs behavior: =0.366; knowledge vs attitude: =0.041; attitude vs behavior: =0.100; all <0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the knowledge, attitude and behavior on COVID-19 were mostly influenced by education background (all <0.05), and the independent factors affecting behavior included knowledge and attitude, gender, permanent residence, education background (all <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Residents in Hunan Province have a good knowledge, attitude, and behavior to COVID-19. Nevertheless there are still weak links to be improved in all dimensions. It is necessary to strengthen knowledge and behavior of family protection, and care for residents' psychological health, especially persons with low education degree, male and rural residents.
Betacoronavirus ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; psychology ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective:To explore the application effect of swallowing-feeding safety management of food flow test on improving postoperative swallowing function recovery of patients with laryngeal neoplasms.Methods:By the convenient sampling method, patients with laryngeal neoplasms who underwent open surgeries in Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery in a Class Ⅲ Grade A hospital in Changsha from January to November 2019 were selected as research objects. A total of 33 patients who were admitted to hospital from January to May 2019 were set as the control group while 36 patients who were admitted from June to November 2019 were set as the experimental group. The control group was given regular diet guidance such as food type guidance, eating position and posture guidance, eating environment management, oral nursing and other routine eating guidance. The experimental group adopted a swallowing-feeding evaluation based on routine nursing and used the food flow test method to guide individualized eating plans based on the assessment results. The incidence of irritating cough during eating and days of gastric tube indwelling were compared between two groups. Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) subjective score of eating sensation were used to compare intervention effects.Results:Difference in the incidence of irritating cough in patients with laryngeal neoplasms between two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The number of days of gastric tube indwelling in the experimental group was less than that in the control group, and the FOIS and VAS scores were higher than those in the control group, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Swallowing-feeding safety management of food flow test can provide accurate feeding guidance for patients with laryngeal neoplasms, which can improve the safety of eating, promote the recovery of swallowing function, reduce the retention time of the gastric tube and improve the subjective experience of eating.

Objective: To investigate influences of different rehabilitative methods on function of hands and psychological anxiety of patients with deeply burned hands retaining denatured dermis and grafting large autologous skin. Methods: Forty-four patients with deeply burned hands, conforming to the study criteria were admitted to Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery of Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2014 to June 2015. Patients were divided into propaganda education rehabilitation group (PER, n=23) and specially-assigned person rehabilitation group (SAPR, n=21) according to the random number table and patients′ willingness. On post injury day 3 to 7, 36 burned hands in group PER and 33 burned hands in group SAPR underwent operation of retaining denatured dermis and grafting large autologous skin. Patients in 2 groups received anti-scar treatment of hands with silicone gel from postoperative day 10. Besides, patients in group PER underwent active functional exercise under guidance of duty nurse and received psychological guidance from duty nurse with grade two psychological consultant certificate. Patients in group SAPR underwent active and passive functional exercise under guidance of rehabilitation therapist and received psychological guidance from psychotherapist with intermediate title. In postoperative month (POM) 1, 3 and 6, ranges of active motion of burned finger joints of patients in 2 groups were measured with joint goniometer to calculate excellent and good ratio of total active motion (TAM) range. Values of grip strength of burned hands of patients were measured with electronic hand dynamometer, and psychological anxiety was scored with Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Data were processed with chi-square test, independent sample t test, McNemar test, analysis of variance of repeated measurement, SNK test and Bonferroni correction. Results: (1) Ratio of excellent and good of TAM range of burned finger joints of patients in group SAPR in POM 6 was obviously higher than that in group PER (χ²=10.745, P<0.0167 ). Ratio of excellent and good of TAM range of burned finger joints of patients in 2 groups in POM 3 were obviously higher than that in POM 1 of the same group, respectively (with P values below 0.0167). (2) Values of grip strength of burned hands of patients in group SAPR in POM 1, 3, and 6 were respectively (8.2±2.6), (21.6±2.6) and (30.1±2.3) kg, obviously higher than those in group PER [ (5.3±1.3), (12.8±2.7), (20.0±1.8) kg, respectively, with t values from 5.934 to 20.403, P values below 0.01]. Values of grip strength of burned hands of patients in 2 groups in POM 3 and 6 were obviously higher than those at the previous time point of the same group (with P values below 0.05). (3) SAS scores of patients in group SAPR in POM 1, 3 and 6 were significantly lower than those in group PER (with t values from 2.944 to 4.758, P values below 0.01). SAS scores of patients in 2 groups in POM 3 and 6 were significantly lower than those at the previous time point of the same group (with P values below 0.05). Conclusions Compared with rehabilitation of propaganda and education, rehabilitation under specially-assigned person can improve TAM range of burned finger joints, value of grip strength, and psychological anxiety of patients with deeply burned hands retaining the denatured dermis and grafting large autologous skin.

Objective To study the correlation between microRNA (miRNA) polymorphism and the risk and clinical prognosis of acute radiation esophagitis in patients with esophageal neoplasms. Methods 256 patients with acute radiation esophagitis during radiotherapy were chosen as the experimental group, and 256 patients matched by age and sex without acute radiation esophagitis during radiotherapy were chosen as the control group. The polymorphism types of miRNA-146a (rs2910164) were determined by Taqman gene typing technology of ABI7900HT. The genotype distribution of miRNA-146a rs2910164 polymorphism in the experimental and control groups was analyzed. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95%confidence interval (95%CI ). Results The genotype frequencies of CC, GG and CG at miRNA-146a polymorphic site rs2910164 in the experiment and control group were 20.70 % (53/256) and 33.20 % (85/256), 45.32 % (116/256) and 40.63 % (104/256), 33.98 % (87/256) and 26.17 % (67/256), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between two groups (all P< 0.05). Compared with gene type CC, the OR values of acute radiation esophagitis in patients with gene type GC and GG were 0.654 and 0.627, respectively (P< 0.05), indicating that they had a low risk. The negative effect rates in patients with gene type GG, CG and CC were 7.69 % (8/104), 19.40 % (13/67) and 41.18 % (35/85), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the clinical prognosis among these genotypes (P< 0.05). Conclusion Gene type CC at miRNA-146a polymorphic site rs2910164 can increase the risk of acute radiation esophagitis and decrease the clinical prognosis in patients with esophageal neoplasms.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the toxicological effect of patulin(PAT)on the growth of human normal liver cells L-02 and its possible mechanisms. METHODS After cells were treated with PAT 1.25, 2.5,5,10 and 20μmol·L-1 for 24 or 48 h,cell viability was examined using MTT assay. L-02 cells were treated with PAT 5 and 10 μmol · L- 1 for 24 h ,respectively. Cytomorphology and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were observed under a fluorescence microscope. Apoptosis,MMP and reactive oxygen species (ROS)were analyzed by flow cytometry. Mitochondria apoptosis pathways were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS PAT exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on L-02 in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. IC50 of PAT treatment for 24 or 48 h was 6.61 and 2.78 μmol · L-1,respectively. MMP was decreased,while the percentage of low MMP cells increased from(9.2±2.3)%in controls to(23.4±4.5)%( PAT 5μmol·L-1)and(47.1±5.5)%(PAT 10μmol·L-1), respectively. Compared to untreated cells,the early apoptosis population increased from(3.8±1.1)%to(29.8±4.5)%( PAT 5μmol·L-1)and (24.1±6.2)%(PAT 10μmol·L-1)(P<0.01),respectively. Further?more,the accumulation of ROS was also observed. The effect of PAT on ROS and cell viabilities could be attenuated by glutathione. CONCLUSION PAT can significantly inhibit the growth of L-02 and induce apoptosis via ROS-dependent mitochondria pathways.

Objective To analyze the current research status of evidence-based nursing of burn in the mainland of China,in order to provide basis for the improvement of scientificity of burn nursing practice.Methods Chinese scientific articles on evidence-based nursing of burn in the mainland of China published from January 1997 to December 2015 were retrieved from Chinese Biology Medicine disc,Chinese Journals Full-text Database,Wanfang Database,and VIP Database.From the results retrieved,date with regard to publication year,region of affiliation of the first author,journal distribution,literature type,literature quality assessment,topic of evidence-based research,fund program support,implementation of evidencebased practice steps,and language and quantity of reference.Data were processed with Microsoft Excel software.Results A total of 50 articles conforming to the criteria were retrieved.(1) Articles about evidence-based nursing of burn arose in 2004.Compared with that in the previous year,there was no obvious increase in the number of relevant articles in each year from 2004 to 2011.The number of literature in 2012 was obviously increased than that in each year from 2004 to 2011,while the number of literature in each year from 2012 to 2015 was not obviously increased compared with that in the previous year.(2) The regions of affiliation of the first author were distributed in 13 provinces,3 minority autonomous regions,and 3 municipalities,with the largest distribution in East China,and Northwest China and Southwest China in the follow.(3) The articles were published in 32 domestic journals,with 9 (28.12％) nursing journals,5 (15.62％) burn medical related journals,and 18 (56.25％) other journals.Twenty (40％) articles were published in Source Journal for Chinese Scientific and Technical Papers.(4) Regarding the literature type,31 (62％) articles dealt with clinical experiences,17 (34％) articles dealt with scientific research,and 2 (4％) articles dealt with case report.(5) There were 21 quantitative study articles and 29 narrative study articles,all with low quality.(6) The topics of evidence-based research in these articles were mainly burn rehabilitation,burn nursing technology,pediatric burn,inhalation injury and airway management,and complications of burn injury.Only one study was supported by fund program.(7) Only one article described complete evidence-based practice steps.(8) The literature cited 57 English articles as references,with an average of 1.14,and 316 Chinese articles,with an average of 6.32.Conclusions The concept of evidence-based nursing of burn has been initially formed in the mainland of China.The number of relevant articles is on the rise,but the quality needs to be further improved.There is an urgent need to improve nurses' understanding of evidence-based nursing and their command of the method of evidence-based practice through on-job training,so as to improve the scientificity and effectiveness of burn nursing.