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Objective To analyze the mutation situation of K‐ras gene in 358 cases of lung cancer to provide the guidance for the personalized therapy of lung cancer .Methods The nested and low denatured temperature compound PCR (COLD‐PCR) method was used to analyze the K‐ras mutations situation in 358 patients with lung cancer .Results In 358 lung cancer patients ,the total mutation frequency of K‐ras gene was 8 .10% .The mutation rates were 2 .13% in 94 plasma samples ,9 .60% in 250 tumor tissue samples and 7 .14% in 14 pleural and ascites samples .The mutation types included G12C ,G12D ,G12A ,G12V ,G13D and Q61H ,the mutation rate had no statistical difference among 3 kinds of samples (P= 0 .064 8) ;the mutation rate was 6 .96% in male patients and 8 .59% in female patients ,the difference was not statistically significant (P= 0 .574 0) ;the mutation rates were 4 .76% in the patients aged 30 - < 45 years old ,5 .34% in the patients aged 45 - < 60 years old and 9 .22% in the patients aged ≥ 60 years old , the differences were not statistically significant (P = 0 .250 3) .Conclusion The mutation types of K‐ras gene are mainly G12C , G12D ,G12V and G13D .The mutation rate of K‐ras gene has no significant differences among different types of sample ,different genders and different ages .

Objective To explore the changes of appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, and to analyze the relationship between ASM changes and dietary intake.Methods One hundred and fourteen PD patients were enrolled in Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital using convenience sampling.At baseline, and 6 and 12 months after PD, bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to assess the body weight, total muscle mass, and ASM of these patients, and three-day food record was used to assess the dietary intake.Demographics and clinical data were also collected at baseline.Results Compared with baseline, the patients' ASM at 12 months after PD decreased significantly [(19.27 ± 5.59) kg vs.(25.65 ±6.09) kg, P =0.000], the dietary protein intake and energy intake decreased significantly [(0.85 ± 0.21) g/(kg · d) vs.(0.90 ± 0.27) g/(kg · d), P =0.038;(128.37 ± 26.67) kJ/(kg· d)vs.(137.27 ±29.23) kJ/(kg· d), P=0.001].The patients were divided into three groups based on ASM loss, the mean dietary protein intake of the top-loss 1/3 group was statistically lower than that of the bottom-loss 1/3 group [(0.82 ± 0.18) g/(kg · d) vs.(0.91 ± 0.20) g/(kg · d), P =0.021].Conclusions With the continuation of PD, ASM of patients may decrease, which is likely to be mainly related to deficiency in protein and energy intakes.Dietary management should be strengthened in PD patients to alleviate the loss of ASM.

Objective: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the inventory of experience of close relationship-revised version (ECR-R).Methods:286 college students were collected for testing the internal consistency and structure validity of the inventory. Test-retest reliability was founded in 31 students. Criteria validity was also studied in 32 cases with anxiety neurosis. Results: The Cronbach ? of the ECR-R and its two subscales (anxiety and avoidance) were 0.87, 0.86 and 0.81 respectively. The test-retest reliabilities of them were 0.75, 0.82 and 0.61 respectively. The two subscales had good discriminating ability and were confirmed by factor analysis, anxiety and avoidance could explain 21.28 and 11.20 of the total variance. Conclusion: The ECR-R is psychometrically acceptable and may be applied to study attachment of Chinese adolescents.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic factors of patients with stage Ⅳ gastric cancer. Meth-ods: A total of 138 patients with stage Ⅳ gastric cancer treated with platinum-based chemotherapy were ana-lyzed. Survival rate was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. The prognostic factors were analyzed by univari-ate (Log rank) and multivariate (Cox model) analysis methods. Results: Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis showed that poor performance status (P=0.001), weight loss (P=0.001), depth of invasion (P=0.000), presence of peritoneal metastasis (P=0.005), more than 1 metastatic site (P=0.029) and elevated total biliru-bin (P=0.018) were independent prognostic factors. According to the outcomes of the Cox model analysis, a formula of the prognostic index was developed. According to the values of PI, 16 patients were categorized as the high-risk group (PI≤9.817), 28 patients were categorized as the moderate-risk group (9.817

Objective To understand the current status and related factors of unexpected injuries during hospitalization in old patients in Shaoxing city. Methods By way of convenient sampling methods, 850 old patients aged over 65 years were chosen from five of grade 3 hospitals in Shaoxing city. The status and consequence of unexpected injuries during their hospitalization in past one year were retrospectively investigated with face to face questionnaire at patients home. Results The occurrence of unexpected injuries in 850 hospitalization old patients were 54(6.35%) during their hospitalization in past one year. The occurrence rate in female (9.27%) was significantly higher than that in male (4.25%) (?2=7.57, P

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of Rhodiola total flavonoids on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFB) in the rats, and to explore its mechanisms of improving myocardial fibrosis.Methods 5 μg·L-1 TGF-β1 was used to induce the proliferation of CFB to build the cell models of myocardial fibrosis.The cultured CFB were divided into control group,model group,and low, medium,high doses (25,50 and 100 mg· L-1 )of Rhodiola total flavonoids groups.The cells were treated for 48 h,the vitalities of cells were detected by MTT,the levels of collagen proteinⅠ (ColⅠ)and collagen proteinⅢ(Col Ⅲ)in supernatant were measured by ELISA,and the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD)and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)were detected,the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA)and glutathione (GSH) were also measured.Results The MTT results indicated that compared with control group,the cell vitality in model group was significantly increased (P < 0.01 ).compared with model group,the cell vitalities of CFB in Rhodiola total flavonoids groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 ). Compared with control group, the T-SOD activity in model group was decreased, while the MDA level was significantly increased (P <0.05);compared with model group,the T-SOD activities in 50 and 100 mg· L-1 Rhodiola total flavonoids groups were increased (P <0.01);the MDA levels in 25 and 50 mg· L-1 groups were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with control group,the GSH-Px activity and GSH level in model group were significantly decreased (P <0.01).Compared with model group,the GSH-Px activities and GSH levels in Rhodiola total flavonoids groups were increased (P <0.05).Compared with control group,the ColⅠand Col Ⅲ levels in model group were significantly increased (P <0.01);compared with model group,the ColⅠand Col Ⅲ levels in Rhodiola total flavonoids groups were significantly decreased (P <0.05).Conclusion Rhodiola total flavonoids can inhibit the proliferation of rat CFB.The development of myocardial fibrosis may be inhibited by Rhodiola total flavonoids through anti-oxidative stress pathway.

AIM: To explore the activative effect of water extract from cultured mycelium of Paecilomyces cicadae (P. cicadae) on peritoneal macrophages (PM?) and alveolar macrophages (AM?) of rats.METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group(Ⅰ), cyclophosphamide (Cy) group (Ⅱ), P. cicadae group(Ⅲ), Cy+ P.cicadae group(Ⅳ).The rats were bred in the same circumstance and were administered with corresponding drugs by subcutaneous injection for 26 days. PM? and AM? of rats were irrigated by normal saline and collected by centrifuge and incubated in a humidified incubator for 2 h at 37 ℃. The activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the PM? and AM? were determined by biochemical methods, and the capability of PM? and AM? in phagocytosis of neutral red were measured by colorimetric method too. RESULTS: After administering P. cicadae to rats, the activities of ACP and LDH in PM? and AM? of normal rats were elevated significantly,and the reduction of the activities of ACP and LDH in PM? and AM? of rats due to Cy was notably antagonized, and the capability of PM? and AM? phagocytizing the neutral red were strengthened significantly.CONCLUSION: P. cicadae can activate the PM? and AM? of rats.

Objective To evaluate clinical safety and efficacy of autologous tissue antigens loaded dendritic cells (DC)in the treatment of elderly patients with gastric cancer.Methods Fresh tumor cells were isolated from surgical specimens in twenty patients with gastric cancer. Single cell suspensions were obtained and induced to apoptosis by heat shock. The apoptotic tumor cells were frozen before use.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and cultured with recombinant human granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4).DCs were loaded with apoptotic tumor cells. The immunological and clinical responses were examined after the final vaccination. ResultsVaccination of dendritic cells was well tolerated and no toxicity was observed. The cytokine levels in serum such as IL-2(46 pg/mg vs 89 pg/mg), IL-12(44 pg/mg vs. 86 pg/mg) and IFN-γ(38 pg/mg vs.82 pg/mg) were increased after vaccinations as compared with pretherapy. DTH test were positive in five patients (5/10). The antigen special cells for CD8+/ IFN-γ+ were increased in five patients(5/10). The size of retroperitoneal lymph node of one patient was reduced. The tumor marker CEA level were decreased in five patients, stable in eight patient and increased in two patients.Conclusions Autologous DC vaccines loaded with autologous tumor antigens could improve function of non specific immunity and elicit specific T cells immunologic response and is one of safe and effective treatments for gastric cancer.

Objective To evalume the efficacy and side effect of capecitabine combined chemotherapy regimen in treatment of advanced cohrectal cancer in senile patients.Methods Seventy-seven cases senile patients with advanced colorectal cancer were randomly divided in two groups.capecitabine combination group (36 cases) received oxaliplatin (L-OHP)+ eapecitabine regimen, OLF group (41 cases) received L-OHP+ FU/CF regimen. The efficacy and side effect were observed and compared between two groups.Results eapecitabine combination group:the cfficiency rate was 41.67%,the tumor control rate was 77.78%.meso-tumor to progression was 7.9 months.OLF group:the efficiency rate was 39.02%,the tumor control rate was 75.61%,meso-tumor to progression was 7.2 months.The effectiveness in two groups had no significant difference (P＞005).There was no serious chemotherapy related side effect in two groups.The rates of marrow inhibition,nausea,vomiting,diarrhea,alopecia,rash,the lesion of liver and renal function and peripheral neuritis were similar in two groups.The rate of hand-foot syndrome was apparently higher in capecitabine combination group compared with OLF group (P＜0.05).Conclusions For senile advanced colorectal cancer patienrs,the treatment efficiency is similar between capecitabiae combination regimen and OLF regimen,the side effect is all tolerated in two regimens.capecitabine combination regimen is oral adminisuered and decurates hospitnlization time and improved the life quality of senile patients.capecitabine combination regimen is a suitable fast-line regimen for senile advanced colorectal cancer pafients.